@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Training assessment on land and water management technologies under watershed project at Chakwal, Punjab-Pakistan<#LINE#>Muhammad Nisar @Khan <#LINE#>1-5<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJSS-2017-126.pdf<#LINE#>Social Sciences Research Institute, NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan<#LINE#>12/10/2017<#LINE#>1/9/2018<#LINE#>The present study evaluated the impact of training on professional knowledge about the water saving technologies. In this regard, a three day professional training was organized on “Land and Water Management Technologies” under the project titled “Watershed Rehabilitation and Irrigation Technology Improvements”. The training was held in district Chakwal of Punjab, Pakistan from 2nd to 4th February, 2015. This training event was arranged by Barani Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) and Soil and Water Conservation Research Institute (SAWCRI) with financial support of “International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The core purpose of this professional training was to build up the respondents’ insight with proficiency in water saving techniques to enhance further dissemination and adoption of the specific technologies in other districts of the country. Overall, twenty respondents from different government and non- government organizations attended this professional training. The obtained results showed that the training had positive impact on respondents’ knowledge regarding water saving technologies. The results of t-test were statistically highly significant among all the knowledge categories. The t-values and p-values were 8.8, 5.36, 9.69, 13.43 and 0.000, 0.001, 0.000, 0.000 respectively. Similarly, the training respondents were satisfied from the presenters’ skills, comprehensive lectures delivered in training session and overall training activities. Majority of the respondents reported that after training, they are capable to adopt these water saving technologies as well as disseminate to others. They appreciated and suggested such kind of training events in future and consider such activities really useful in disseminations and adoption of the water saving techniques.<#LINE#>Ameziane T., Angas P., Cantero-Martinez C. and Pisante M. (2004).@Land and water management technologies.@In: Cantero-Martinez C. (ed.), Gabina D. (ed.). Mediterranean rainfed agriculture: Strategies for sustainability. Zaragoza: CIHEAM. 35-50.@No$Khan I. (2010).@Water availability drops substantially.@@Yes$World Bank (2011).@Land and water development division (FAO).@www.fao.org@No$Rukhsana A., Amir A., Rahmat U., Jahangir M. and Yousaf M. (2005).@Effect of Soil Salinity/Sodicity on the Growth and Yield of Different Varieties of Cotton.@Intl. J. Agri. and Biol., 07(4), 606-608.@Yes$Ishfaq M. (2002).@Water New Technology.@Global Water Institute, Lahore, Pakistan.@Yes$Mukherji A. and Facon T. (2009).@Revitalizing Asia’s irrigation: To sustainably meet tomorrow’s food needs.@@Yes$Wheeler T. and Kay M. (2010).@Food crop production, water and climate change in the developing world.@Outlook on Agriculture, 39(4), 239-243.@Yes$Ma W., Mao Z., Yu Z., Van Mensvoort M.E.F. and Driessen P.M. (2008).@Effects of saline water irrigation on soil salinity and yield of winter wheat–maize in North China Plain.@Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 22(1), 3-18.@Yes$Chatha Z.A., Arshad M., Bakhsh A. and Shakoor A. (2014).@Design and cost analysis of watercourse lining for sustainable water saving.@J. Agric. Res., 52(4).@Yes$Mahmood N., Ali T., Ahmad M. and Maan A.A. (2012).@Impact Assessment of Adoption of Water Saving Irrigation Interventions on the Socio-Economic Development of Small Farmers in District Faisalabad.@Journal of Agricultural Research, 50(1).@Yes$Pakistan Water Partnership (2000).@The framework for action for achieving the Pakistan Water Vision 2025.@@No$Asia-Pacific Water Forum (2007).@Asian Water Development Outlook.@Asian Development Bank.@Yes$Qureshi A.L., Lashari B.K., Kori S.M. and Lashari G.A. (2011).@Hydro-salinity behavior of shallow groundwater Aquifer underlain by salty groundwater in Sindh Pakistan.@Fifteenth international water technology conference, IWTC-15 2011, Alexandria, Egypt.@Yes
@Research Article
<#LINE#>Youth participation in electoral processes<#LINE#>Chigozie @Azunna,Sam @Botchway <#LINE#>6-12<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJSS-2018-079.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Development Studies, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa@Department of Development Studies, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa<#LINE#>30/7/2018<#LINE#>11/9/2018<#LINE#>The study was carried out to provide an understanding of the participation of the Municipality’s youth in the local electoral processes. The objective of the study measured and examined the extent of youth participation in the local electoral processes of the Municipality, investigated and identified factors that prevent the youth from participating in electoral processes within the Municipality. The study applied a qualitative research methodology with questionnaires and interviews used to collect data. A number of factors were found as posing challenges to the youth and had hindered their participation in electoral processes. These challenges emanated from negative attitudes of the youth towards politics. Also, employment/income, age, gender and race were some salient factors backed by poor education background, poverty and unemployment. The study recommends that the youth in the Municipality should be socially and politically well-informed by their parents, teachers, church elders and the Mafikeng community to enable them acquire skills and positive attitudes towards participating in the local electoral processes.<#LINE#>Nie N. and Verba S. (1972).@Participation in America: Political Democracy and Social Equality.@New York: Harper and Row Publishers.@Yes$Cameron R. (1999).@Democratisation of South African Local Government - A Tale of Three Cities.@Pretoria: Van Schaik Publication.@Yes$Republic of South Africa (2000).@Local Government Municipal Systems Acts.@Cape Town: Department of Youth Commission.@Yes$Republic of South Africa (2008).@National Youth Development Agency Act.@Cape Town: Department of Youth Commission.@No$Leal P.A. (2010).@Participation: the ascendancy of a buzzword in the neo-liberal era in Cornwall.@A and Eade, D. eds. Deconstructing Development Discourse, Buzz Words and Fuzz Words, (Oxford, Warkwickshire 2010): 89-101.@No$Botchway S.A. (2001).@Peoples’ Participation in Rural Development: The case of Kudumane District.@MA dissertation. Pretoria: UNISA.@Yes$Parry G., Moyser G. and Day N. (1992).@Political participation and democracy in Britain.@Cambridge University Press.@Yes$Axford B., Browning G.K., Huggins R. and Rosamond B. (2007).@Politics, an introduction (2nd ed.).@London & New York: Routledge.@No$Milbrath L.W. and Goel M.L. (1977).@Political Participation.@Chicago: Rand McNally.@Yes$Janda B. and Berry J.M. (1992).@Goldman.@The Challenge of Democracy. Government in America.. In Nwogwugwu unpublished PhD thesis submitted to the School of Postgraduate studies, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria.@Yes$Nwogwugwu N. (2012).@Educated Elite Political Participation and good governance in Ogun State (2003 – 2011).@An unpublished PhD thesis submitted to the School of Postgraduate studies, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria.@No$Arowolo D. and Aluko F.S. (2010).@Women and political participation in Nigeria.@European journal of social sciences, 14(4), 581-593. Retrieved on 15/05/2012 from http://www.eurojournals.com/ejss_14_4_09.pdf.@Yes$Levine R. and Weiner D. (1997).@No more tears: Struggles for land in Mpumalanga, South Africa.@New Jersey: Africa World Press.@Yes$Trillium Foundation (2013).@Ontario Meeting the Needs of Ontario Youth.@Trillium Foundation.@No$Checkoway B. (2011).@What is youth participation?.@Children and youth services review, 33(2), 340-345. Elsevier.@Yes$Nnaemego N.S. (2009).@Breaking social barriers through youth engagement.@Unpublished paper presented at the International Conference on Youth and Interfaith communication, Organized by New Era Educational and Charitable Support Foundation, National  Library, Jos, Nigeria.@No$Farthing R. (2010).@The politics of youthful anti-politics: representing the ‘issue’ of	youth participation in politics.@Journal of Youth Studies, 13(2), 181-195.@Yes$Parry G., Moyser G. and Day N. (1992).@Political participation in Britain.@Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511558726@Yes$Jowell R. and Park A. (2003).@Young people, politics and citizenship: a disengaged generation?.@@Yes$Pirie M. and Worcester R.M. (2000).@The big turn-off: Attitude of young people to	government Citizenship and Community.@London.@Yes$Deluca T. (1995).@The Two Faces of Political Apathy.@Philadelphia, Temple University Press.@Yes$Henn M., Weinstein M. and Wring D. (1999).@Young people and citizenship: A study of opinion in Nottinghamshire.@@Yes$Seyd P., Whiteley P. and Pattie C. (2001).@Citizenship in Britain: attitudes and behaviour.@The Political Quarterly, 72, 141-148.@Yes$Almond G.A., Powell G.B., Strom K. and Dalton R.J. (2004).@Comparative Politics Today.@A World View (8th ed.). New York: Pearson-Longman.@No$Judge D.J.K. (2007).@Detroit free press.@Ashcroft.303 F.3d 681@No$Kann M.E., Berry J., Grant C. and Zager P. (2007).@The Internet and youth political participation.@First Monday, 12(8).@Yes$CHOGM (2002).@Report by the Commonwealth High Level Review Group to Commonwealth Heads of Government.@Commonwealth High Level Review Group. Coolum.@No$Bessant J. (2004).@Mixed messages: Youth participation and democratic practice.@Australian journal of political science, 39(2), 387-404.@Yes$Checkoway B. (1998).@Involving young people in neighborhood development.@Children and Youth Services Review, 20(9-10), 765-795.@Yes$Delgado M. and Staples L. (2007).@Youth-led community organizing.@New York: Oxford University Press.@Yes$Johari J.C. (1989).@Principles of modern political science.@Sterling Publishers.@Yes$Finn J., Nybell L. and Shook J. (2009).@Childhood, youth, and social work in transformation.@New York: Columbia University Press.@Yes$Zukin C., Keeter S., Andolina M., Jenkins K. and Carpini M.X.D. (2006).@A new engagement?: Political participation, civic life, and the changing American citizen.@Oxford University Press.@Yes$Checkoway B. and Richards-Schuster K. (2006).@Youth participation for educational reform in low-income communities of color.@Beyond resistance, 319-332.@Yes$Ginwright S. and Cammarota J. (2007).@Youth activism in the urban community: Learning critical civic praxis within community organizations.@International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 20(6), 693-710.@Yes$Kimemia P. (2007).@Public Participation Need for a re-definition: The Local Government Transformer.@Oct/Nov 2007. <http://www.afesis.org.za/theTransformer/page-6>.Accessed in September 2011.ANC (1994)@No$Stiglitz J.E. (2000).@Economics of the Public Sector.@New York: W.W. Norton.@No$African National Congress (ANC) (1994).@The Reconstruction and Development Programme.@Johannesburg: Umanyaro Publications.@No
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Economic freedom, democracy and inclusive growth: An empirical study for eleven ECOWAS countries<#LINE#>Jeffrey @Kouton <#LINE#>13-16<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJSS-2018-078.pdf<#LINE#>Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Statistique et d’Economie Appliquée d’Abidjan (ENSEA), Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire<#LINE#>29/7/2018<#LINE#>4/10/2018<#LINE#>The goal of the study is to analyze the link between economic freedom, democracy and inclusive growth in eleven ECOWAS countries during the period 1995-2015. Using fixed and random effects models, we provide evidence of positive effects of economic freedom and democracy on inclusive growth, with the effect of economic freedom greater than the one of democracy. Using panel causality tests, we find that economic freedom causes inclusive growth in Mali. In Mali and Nigeria, inclusive growth causes economic freedom. Inclusive growth causes democracy in Senegal. Democracy causes inclusive growth in Benin, Nigeria and Senegal. Economic freedom causes democracy in Benin and democracy causes economic freedom in Côte d’Ivoire.<#LINE#>de Haan J. and Siermann C.L. (1998).@Further evidence on the relationship between economic freedom and economic growth.@Public Choice, 95(3/4), 363-380.@Yes$Piatek D., Szarzec K. and Pilc M. (2013).@Economic freedom, democracy and economic growth: a causal investigation in transition countries.@Post-Communist Economies, 25(3), 267-288.@Yes$Pattanaik F. and Nayak N.C. (2014).@Economic freedom and economic growth in India: What is the empirical relationship?.@Economic Change and Restructuring, 47(4), 275-298.@Yes$Lipset S.M. (1959).@Some social requisites of democracy: economic development and political legitimacy.@American Political Science Review, 53(1), 69-105.@Yes$Miller T. and Kim A.B. (2017).@Index of Economic Freedom.@The Heritage Foundation, 19-35.@No$Dumitrescu E.I. and Hurlin C. (2012).@Testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels.@Economic Modelling, 29(4), 1450-1460.@Yes$Miller T., Kim A.B. and Roberts J.M. (2018).@Index of economic freedom.@The Heritage Foundation.@No$Raheem I.D., Isah K.O. and Adedeji A.A. (2018).@Inclusive growth, human capital development and natural resource rent in SSA.@Economic Change and Restructuring, 51(1), 29-48.@Yes$Islam M.R. (2018).@Wealth Inequality, Democracy and Economic Freedom.@Journal of Comparative Economics.@Yes
@Short Review Paper
<#LINE#>Occupational injuries among children in Bangladesh<#LINE#>Md. Sazedur @Rahman <#LINE#>17-20<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJSS-2018-039.pdf<#LINE#>Statistics discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh<#LINE#>14/3/2018<#LINE#>24/9/2018<#LINE#>The specific objects are to know the source of income and employment status of the children at work, to investigate the types of injury that affect the working child of the child laborer and to explore the hazardous work places and abuse of the working children. The study conducted with the secondary data of Bangladesh Labor Force Survey (ILO), 2013. SPSS software were used for finding the result. It is found that the predominating income source of the working child was service sector and child labor mostly were self-employed. 18.5% child were engaged with hazardous work, 2.3% working child had experienced various types of and almost 8.5% had subjected to insult, physically or sexually abuse. Most of the child don’t like their work and working environment that have adverse physical and emotional effects on children’s health. Public and private sectors should maintain child labor rules and regulations, arrange awareness program for child safety.<#LINE#>Hagemann F., Diallo Y., Etienne A. and Mehran F. (2006).@Global child labour trends 2000 to 2004.@International Labour Office.@Yes$Miller M.E. (2010).@Child labor and protecting young workers around the world: an introduction to this issue.@International journal of occupational and environmental health, 16(2), 103-112.@Yes$Diallo Y., Hagemann F., Etienne A., Gurbuzer Y. and Mehran F. (2010).@Global child labour developments: Measuring trends from 2004 to 2008.@Geneva: International Labor Organization. http://www.ilo.org/ ipecinfo/product/download.do?type=document&id=13313@Yes$International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labor (IPEC) (2018).@Children in hazardous work–what we know, what we need to know.@http://www.ilo.org/ wcmsp5/groups/public/dgreports/dcomm/publ/documents/publication/wcms_155428.pdf@No$Sharma K. (2016).@Child Labour in South Asia.@Routledge.@Yes$O’Driscoll Dylan (2017).@Mapping of research on child labour in South Asia.@Open Docs.@Yes$Azam M.S. and Imai K.S. (2009).@Vulnerability and poverty in Bangladesh.@SSRN.@Yes$Edmonds E.V. and Pavcnik N. (2005).@Child labor in the global economy.@Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19(1), 199-220. Accessed on 9 February 2011.@Yes$Bowden B. and Stevenson-Clarke P. (2010).@Re-considering managerial use of child labor: Lessons from the experience of nineteenth century Australia.@Journal of Management History, 16(3), 380-395. https://doi.org/ 10.1108/17511341011051261@Yes$Edmonds E.V. (2007).@Child labor.@Handbook of development economics, 4, 3607-3709.@Yes$Schlick C., Joachin M., Briceño L., Moraga D. and Radon K. (2014).@Occupational injuries among children and adolescents in Cusco Province: a cross-sectional study.@BMC public health, 14(1), 766.@Yes$Niños, niñas y adolescentesquetrabajan (1993).@Dirección Técnica de Demografía e Indicadores Sociales.@Perú.@No$UCW (2005).@Analysis of Child Economic Activity and School Attendance Statistics from National Household or Child Labor Surveys.@Original data from LFS Survey.@No$Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (2015).@Child Labor Survey Bangladesh 2013.@Dhaka, Government of Bangladesh. October 2015.@No$Islam E., Mahmud K. and Rahman N. (2014).@Situation of Child Domestic Workers in Bangladesh.@Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 13(7).@Yes$Hossain MarufMd M. and Islam Mohammad Mahmudul (2006).@Ship breaking activities and its impact on the coastal zone of Chittagong, Bangladesh: Towards sustainable management.@Chittagong, Bangladesh: Advocacy & Publication Unit, Young Power in Social Action (YPSA).@Yes$ILO (2013).@Baseline Survey on Child Domestic Labor in Bangladesh (data set).@GLO/11/11/USA [ILO_REF]. http://www.ilo.org/ipec/Informationresources/WCMS_IPEC_PUB_28157/lang--en/index.htm@No$Hurst Peter (2007).@Health and child labor in agriculture.@Food and nutrition bulletin, 28.2_suppl2, S364-S371.@Yes$Hughes K., Bellis M.A., Hardcastle K.A., Sethi D., Butchart A., Mikton C. and Dunne M.P. (2017).@The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.@The Lancet Public Health, 2(8), e356-e366.@Yes$Roggero P., Mangiaterra V., Bustreo F. and Rosati F. (2007).@The health impact of child labor in developing countries: evidence from cross-country data.@American journal of public health, 97(2), 271-275.@Yes
<#LINE#>Ensuring nutritional security: imperatives from agriculture<#LINE#>Josily @Samuel,Pushpanjali@.,C.A. Rama @Rao,B.M.K. @Raju,Nagarjuna @Kumar <#LINE#>21-23<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJSS-2018-076.pdf<#LINE#>ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Santhoshnagar, Hyderabad, Telangana-500059, India@ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Santhoshnagar, Hyderabad, Telangana-500059, India@ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Santhoshnagar, Hyderabad, Telangana-500059, India@ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Santhoshnagar, Hyderabad, Telangana-500059, India@ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Santhoshnagar, Hyderabad, Telangana-500059, India<#LINE#>19/7/2018<#LINE#>3/10/2018<#LINE#>Improving status of farmers and enhancing agricultural incomes would improve the welfare of people. Contribution of agriculture to total GDP is 16-17 per cent, while the work force employed in agriculture is about 50 per cent. Agriculture is the major source of employment to majority of population of our country.  Agriculture is affected with different problems such as small and fragmented holding, lack of mechanisation, erosion, depletion and pollution leading to unhealthy soils, negligence of natural resources, improper use of pesticides and chemicals, affects the quality of crops harvested. Agricultural growth in our country needs to tuned and revived in order to meet the nutrition requirements of a large population. The small and marginal farmers belong to resource poor areas, with higher climate variability, low input and technology use which leads to low incomes. Under nutrition in concentrated in these areas, requiring specific attention as contribute nearly 40 per cent of the food production of the country. In recent times our food basket has been changing with demand to quality and health. In order to maintain a balanced nutrition and inclusive agriculture growth there is need to diversify agriculture considering the changing trend thereby increasing their incomes and meeting the nutritional requirements.<#LINE#>Martins V.J.B., Toledo Florêncio T.M.M., Grillo L.P., Do Carmo P., Franco M., Martins P.A., Clemente A.P.G., Santos C.D.L., Vieira M.F.A. and Sawaya A.L. (2011).@Long-Lasting effects of under nutrition.@Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 8, 1817-1846.@Yes$GOI (2018).@Economic survey 2017-18.@An Overview of India’s Economic Performance in 2017-18. Economic Division, Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, New Delhi, India.@No$Josily Samuel C.A., Rao Rama, BMK Raju and Kumar Nagarjuna (2016).@Policy Imperatives for Enhancing Agricultural Growth for Ensuring Nutritional Security.@In K Sreedevi Shankar, R Nagarjuna Kumar, Pushpanjali, K Nagasree, G Nirmala and N Sowri Raju.,(eds.). 2016. Reshaping Agriculture and Nutrition Linkages for Food and Nutrition Security. ICAR - Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, India. 326 p. ISBN: 978-93-80883-42-7.@No$Planning commission (2011).@Report of the Working Group on Nutrition. For the twelfth five year plan (2012-17).@Ministry of women and child development, Government of India.@No$Gopalan C. (1999).@The changing epidemiology of malnutrition in a developing society–The effect of unforeseen factors.@Curr. Sci., 77(10), 1257-1262.@Yes$GOI (2016).@State of Indian agriculture. Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare Directorate of Economics & Statistics, New Delhi.@www.dacnet.nic.in. Accessed on 23/5/2018@No$Dev S.M. and Kadiyala S. (2011).@Pro-nutrition Agriculture in India: Entry Points and Policy Options.@World Bank and Population Foundation of India, New Delhi, Ind. Hea. Beat, 5(8).@Yes$Gulati A., Kumar A.G., Shreedhar G. and Nandakumar T. (2012).@Agriculture and malnutrition in India.@Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 33(1), 74-86.@Yes$Kumar A., Tomer V., Kaur A., Kumar V. and Gupta K. (2018).@Millets: a solution to agrarian and nutritional challenges.@Agri. & Food Sec., 7(1), 31.@Yes$Rao Rama C.A. (2010).@Trend, determinants and imperatives in millet production in India.@Report on “Reviving Rainfed Crops with a focus on Millets – Understanding Experiences and Designing Future Strategies” Proceedings from Documentation workshop, ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad, India, 11-13, May. 34-39. https://kipdf.com/reviving-rainfed-crops-with-a-focus-on-millets-understanding-experiences-and-des_5ab748291723dd329c646a8c.html@No