@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Maternal health epidemiology in Rwanda<#LINE#>Fidele@Nizeyimana <#LINE#>1-9<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJSS-2016-164.pdf<#LINE#>The Diane Fossey Gorilla Fund International, Kampala University (seat office at Kampala in Uganda), Musanze city, Rwanda<#LINE#>30/9/2016<#LINE#>25/8/2017<#LINE#>Maternal Health is the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. The study objective was to assess maternal health epidemiology in Rwanda for 2014 and in the beginning of 2015. All 47 hospitals in Rwanda were visited by the researcher. The researcher worked with maternity services, data management services and community health services to reach the required documents. The used documents were verbal autopsies filled after each death of a mother due to the complication of pregnancy, delivery and in postpartum period within 42 days. An extensive desk review of hospital level documents and reports was conducted for the period of 4 quarters of 2014 (the whole year 2014) and 1 quarter of 2015(January-March 2015) in order to capture the required data. Data were analyzed using computer software Ms Excel. The study reveal that 306 mothers were died at health facilities and 32 women died in community during the year 2014. Among those deaths around the half (44.9%) happened in referral hospitals. Also the prevalence is high in urban hospital than l in rural hospital. The most frequented associated factor in maternal death was the delay in seeking health care followed by intoxication. The period of complication is high in post-partum with the prevalence of 53% followed by 30% in pregnancy and 16% in delivery. The main cause of maternal death in 2014 was post-partum hemorrhage (PPH) with 26% followed by other unspecified caused which takes 22% and 40% of maternal death happened in less than 24 hours in post-partum, 24% in period of post-partum between 7-42days, 13% occurred between 1-7 days in post-partum and 23% occurred in period not ranged in post-partum period. At the time of death, 69% of mothers died had a post-partum status of pregnancy against 12% of ante-partum, 10% of post-abortion and 9% of intra-partum. However, the results of the study showed that although much has been achieved in reducing maternal mortality and Rwanda is on track for MDGs targets, Rwanda needs to do much more so that no woman can die from maternal complications. Rwanda is still facing a heavy burden of maternal mortality. It is in this regard that the researcher proposed different recommendations at different levels.<#LINE#>WHO (2014).@World Health Organization, Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990 to 2013.@(Geneva: WHO, 2014).@No$Rwanda Ministry of Health (2014).@Success Factors for Women’s and Children’s Health.@Rwanda (Geneva: Partnership for Maternal, Newborn, & Child Health and World Health Organization, 2014).@No$NISR (2005).@Demographic and Health Survey (DHS).@Rwanda Health and Demographic Survey Report 2005.http://www.statistics.gov.rw/survey/demographic-and-health-survey-dhs(accessed in August 9, 2016)@No$RHMIS (2010).@Rwanda Health Management Information System.@http://www.hmis.moh.gov.rw/hmis(accessed in July16, 2016)@No$RHDSR (2007).@Rwanda Health and Demographic Survey Report.@http://www.statistics.gov.rw /survey/demographic-and-health-survey-dhs(accessed in June 21, 2016)@No$UNFPA (2010).@Achievements in reducing Maternal Mortality in Rwanda.@@No$Rwanda Ministry of Health (2015).@Success Factors for Women’s and Children’s Health.@http://www.prb.org/ Publications/Articles/2015/rwanda-maternal-health.aspx (accessed in December 2015).@No
@Research Article
<#LINE#>Opinion of farmers regarding organic farming<#LINE#>Mehta @Mona,Saraswat@Shilpi <#LINE#>10-16<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJSS-2017-107.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Family and Community Resource Management, Faculty of Family and Community Sciences, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India@Department of Family and Community Resource Management, Faculty of Family and Community Sciences, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India<#LINE#>24/8/2017<#LINE#>8/10/2017<#LINE#>Organic farming is gaining popularity all over the world, as it can diversify agricultural production systems towards attaining improved productivity, farm income and food, as well as environmental safety. The aim of this study was therefore to know the opinion of farmers regarding organic farming and issues associated with it. The present study was conducted in Uttranchal state in India. Interview schedule was used to find out the opinion of farmers regarding organic farming, wherein convenient and purposive sampling technique was used to select 40 respondents from Shantipuri and Nagla district of Uttaranchal region. Descriptive statistics were used to present the findings of the study. The findings from the survey revealed that nearly one-half of respondents had a positive opinion towards organic farming. There were significant relationships (p&#8804; 0.05) between respondents’ type of family and years of experience in farming and opinion of farmers regarding organic farming. Furthermore, the survey also brought forth that the type of manure that the farmers used were also significantly related to their educational level and years of experience in farming.<#LINE#>Krimsky S. and Wrubel R.P. (1996).@Agricultural Biotechnology and the Environment: Science. Policy and Social Issues.@University of Illinois Press, Urbana.@Yes$Oelhaf R.C. (1978).@Organic Agriculture.@Allanheld, Osmun & Co. Publishers, Inc. USA.@Yes$Balachandran V. (2004).@Future in the Past: A study on the Status of Organic Farming in Kerala.@Discussion Paper No. 82, Kerala Research Programme on Local Level Development, Centre for Development Studies, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.@Yes$Pretty J.N. (1995).@Regenerating Agriculture.@Earthscan Publications Ltd. London.@No$Patidar S. and Patidar P. (2015).@A Study ofPerception of Farmers Towards Organic Farming.@International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management, 4(3), 269-277.@Yes$Goldsmith E and Hildeyard E. (1988).@The Earth Report 2.@Mitchell Beazley, UK.@No$Lampkin N. (1990).@Organic Farming in U.K.@Farming Press, London. 1-4.@Yes$Hattam C. (2006).@Barriers to the Adoption of Organic Agriculture: An Investigation Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour.@Aspects of@Yes$Schneeberger W., Darnhofer I. and Eder M. (2002).@Barriers to the adoption of organic farming by cash-crop producers in Austria.@American Journal of Alternative Agriculture, 17(1), 24-31.@Yes$Darnhofer I., Schneeberger W. and Freyer B. (2005).@Converting or not converting to organic farming in Austria: Farmer types and their rationale.@Agriculture and Human Values, 22, 39-52.@Yes$Fairweather J.R. (1999).@Understanding How Farmers Choose Between Organic and Conventional Production: Results from New Zealand and Policy Implications.@Agriculture and Human Values, 16, 51-63.@Yes$Niemeyer K. and Lombard J. (2003).@Identifying Problems and Potential of the Conversion to Organic Farming in South Africa.@Paper presented at the meeting of the Agricultural Economic Association of South Africa (AEASA), Pretoria, South Africa.@Yes$Buttel F. and Gillespie G.W. (1988).@Preferences for Crop Production Practices Among Conventional and Alternative Farmers.@American Journal of Alternative Agriculture, 3(1), 11-17.@Yes$Padel S. and Lampkin N.H. (1994).@Conversion to Organic Farming: An overview.@The economics of organic farming: An international perspective, 295-313.@Yes$Dimitri C. and Greene C. (2000).@Recent growth patterns in the US organic foods market.@Agriculture information bulletin, 777.@Yes$Macy Fan A. and Hanafi R. (1987).@Summary of Nitrate in Drinking Water: An Evaluation of the Current Standard with Specific References to Methemoghobinemia and Reproductive Effects.@Sacramento, CA: California Department of Health Services, Community Toxicology Unit, Hazard Evaluation Section@Yes$Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (2002).@Organic Agriculture, Environment and Food Security.@Environment and Natural Resources, FAO, Rome.@No$Mahale P. (2002).@Organic Agriculture in India.@The Organic Standard, Torfolk, Sweden. In The World of Organic Agriculture- Statistics & Future Prospects. IFOAM, Germany, 19.@Yes
@Case Study
<#LINE#>A study of Alcoholism Himanchal Pradesh: 500 meters away from National Highway, India<#LINE#>Soni@Preeti <#LINE#>17-20<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJSS-2017-090.pdf<#LINE#>Consultant, National Institute of Social Defence, West Block-1, Wing -7, R.K Purum , New Delhi, India, India<#LINE#>7/7/2017<#LINE#>11/9/2017<#LINE#>Alcoholism is one of the major causes which make vulnerable almost all section of the society especially, women and children. It led to many atrocities which further led to many other issues such as unemployment, domestic violence, poverty, suicide, road accidents, exploitation, sexual violence, psychological and emotional abuse etc. In India some culture has social sanction of alcohol drinking which make situation more miserable. Various studies revealed that the age of initiation of alcohol consumption has decrease and majority of children starts alcohol consumption around 10 year of age. Government and non-government organization has taken up various measure to prevent the alcohol drinking in different states of India. The closing of alcohol shops on the highway is one of them, this paper will try to examine the implications of closing of alcohol shops on highways in the district Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India.<#LINE#>WHO (2000).@International Guide for Monitoring Alcohol Consumption and Related Harm.@Department of Mental Health and Substance Dependence, WHO/MSD/MSB/00.4@Yes$Mahal A. (2000).@What Works in Alcohol Policy? Evidence from Rural India.@Economic and Political Weekly, 35(45), 3959-3968.@Yes$Sulkunen P., Sutton C., Tigerstedt C. and Warpenius K. (2000).@Broken Spirits: Power and Ideas in Nordic Alcohol Control.@NAD Publication No. 39. Helsinki: Nordic Council for Alcohol and Drug Research (NAD). ISBN 951–53–2450–5 ISSN 0359–7024.@Yes$Dills A. and Miron J.A. (2001).@Alcohol Prohibition, Alcohol Consumption, and Cirrhosis.@American Law and Economics Review, 6(2), 285-318. https://doi.org/10.1093/aler/ahh003.@Yes$Girish N., Kavita R., Gururaj G. and Benegal Vivek (2010).@Alcohol Use and Implications for Public Health: Patterns of Use in Four Communities.@35(2), 238-244. DOI: 10.4103/0970-0218.66875.@Yes$Hindustan Times (2016).@SC orders ban on sale of liquor at shops within 500 metres of highways.@www.hindustantimes.com/...liquor-shops.../story-7z6sMkQukzBsfHC2uDLa5J.html@No$QUARTZ (2016).@Tipsy today, sober tomorrow: India sways worse than a drunkard over prohibition.@Article retrieved from, https://qz.com/660096/tipsy-today-sober-tomorrow-india-sways-worse-than-a-drunkard-over-prohibition/@No$MHFW (2016).@National Family Health Survey-4.@http://rchiips.org/nfhs/pdf/NFHS4/India.pdf.@No$Singh (2016).@Prohibition of Alcohol in Bihar: A Study of Socioeconomic Impact.@Journal of European Academic Research, 4(4).@No
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Political economy of unconventional warfare in Afghanistan<#LINE#>Nazeer@Suraiya <#LINE#>21-24<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJSS-2017-098<#LINE#>Department of Central of Central Asian Studies, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India<#LINE#>24/7/2017<#LINE#>20/9/2017<#LINE#>Looking at the contemporary International Community the Republic of Afghanistan is a country like no other in the world. As the country is acting as a catalyst in the great ideological warfare of twenty first century. Afghanistan has undergone several phases of transitions that proved to be failures and has also been passed through conflict cycles since the end of nearly two centuries old monarchical order in the early 1970. Among all the political transitions none of the political transitions- be it the one attempt by Sardar Mohammad Daud in 1973, by Afghan communists in the late 1970s and 80s, by Anti Soviet resistance leadership in the early 1990, or by Taliban in the mid 1990 no one could prove to be more problematic than the transition which happened after 9/11 when the US decided to invade Afghanistan in order to weed out the antisocial elements there. The Incident of 9/11 puts US into a new position of warfare. The war was the starting of the Unconventional Warfare. In which the target become less and less defined and better dispersed. In this context the study would attempt to access that how War on Terror change the phase of war from Conventional to Unconventional one. The Study is significant in understanding that how the event of 9/11 changes the means of warfare. How it is fought in Afghanistan. It is thus significant in analyzing the impact of the Unconventional Warfare to International Community especially the regional powers.<#LINE#>Grau L.W. (2015).@The Unfinished War in Afghanistan, Pentagon Press,India.@1-330. ISBN:978-81-8274-762-3@Yes$Adamec L.W. and Clements F.A. (2003).@Roots of Modern Conflict in Afghanistan, an Encyclopaedia.@ABC CLIO, California, 1-377. ISBN:1-85109-402-4@Yes$Vandna Falbab-Brown (2016).@High and low politics in Afghanistan: The Terrorism-Drugs Nexus and What Can Be Done About It.@available at https://www.brookings.edu/.../high-and-low-politics-in-Afghanistan-the-terrorism-dru.., accessed on 29-7-2017@No$After the fall of Taliban Regime , the Northern Alliance became a major Opium producer .As in words of Mohamad Amirkhi, senior policy advisor at the UN Office of Drug and Crime Prevention told AFP, “The Alliance produces about 120-150 tonnes always”  A Wordsworth Compilation (2002).@Afghanistan Things Fall Apart.@Words Smiths, India, 9-477. ISBN:818712046@No$Chandra Vishal (2015).@The Unfinished War in Afghanistan.@Pentagon Press, India, 1-330. ISBN:978-81-8274-762-3@Yes$It was only after 9/11 that Afghanistan became prime importance to the international community According to Westerners it was then critical for achieving peace and stability in the region. The US military forces, in communication with its NATO allies arrived in Afghanistan to weed out AL Quada.   Sujeet Sarkar (2012).@In Search of a new Afghanistan.@Niyogi Books, India, 7-272, ISBN: 978-93-81523-42-1@No$Dutta Mohindira (2009).@Emerging Afghanistan in the Third Millennium.@Pentagon Press, India, 3-422. ISBN:978-81-8274-388-5@Yes$Votel Joseph L., Cleveland Charles T., Connett Charles T. and Irwin Will (2016).@Unconventional Warfare in the Gray Zone.@National Defense University Press. Available at ndupress.ndu.edu/Media/News/Article/../ unconventional -warfare-in-the-gray-zone/,accessed on 29-7-2017@Yes$Maxwell David S. (2014).@Do We Really Understand Unconventional Warfare?.@Small Wars Journal. available at smallwarsjournal.com/printpdf/16397,accesed on 24-7-2017@Yes$Rothstein H.S. (2006).@Afghanistan and the Troubled Future of Unconventional Warfare.@Manas Publication, US, 1-224. ISBN:15114745X,9781591147459@Yes$Jones C. (2009).@Interdisciplinary Approach - Advantages, Disadvantages, and the Future Benefits of Interdisciplinary Studies.@ESSAI, 7(26), 76-81.@Yes$Athabasca University (2015).@What is Political Economy?.@available at calendar.athabascau.ca/page 03_05_09.html, accessed on 2-7-2017@No$Rustemova Assel (2011).@Political Economy of Central Asia: Initial Re&#64258;ections On The Need for a New Approach.@Journal of Eurasian Studies, 2(1), 30-39.@No$Da Joao Arthur Silva Reis and Simonato Guilherme Henrique (2013).@The SCO and Post War Afghanistan: New Challenges to Regional Cooperation.@1, 132-158.@Yes$Clements Frank A. (2003).@Roots of Modern Conflict in Afghanistan, an Encyclopaedia.@ABC CLIO, California, 1-377.ISBN:18510940247,9781851094028@Yes$Kumar Bino (2011).@Reconstructing Afghanistan Prospects and Limitations.@In Arpita Basu Roy and Binoda Kumar Mishra. (Ed.). New Delhi: Shipra Publicatio, 1-132.ISBN:9788175415485@Yes$Ispahani Mehnaz (1989).@Roads and Rivals the Political of Access in the Borderlands of Asia.@I.B.Tauris, US, 1-300. ISBN:1850431450, 978-1850431459, Xingiang Province is the Chinas Westernmost region. The term means” “New Frontier”. Like Tibet it is also an autonomous region. The official name of the region is Xingiang Uygur Autonomous Region.@Yes$UNEP (2003).@Afghanistan Wakhan Mission Technical Report.@Jeneva, 3, The Afghan’s Wakhan Corridor is located in alpine valleys and high mountains that stretch eastward from the province of Badakhshan following the head waters of the Amu Darya River to its sources in the Pamir Mountains. It borders Tajikistan to the north, Pakistan to the south, and China to the east.@Yes$Samay Ram (2004).@The New Afghanistan : Pawn of America.@Manas Publicatio, India, 1-221. ISBN:8170491894@Yes$Mishra Amalendu (2004).@Hot Spots in Global Politics Afghanistan.@Polity Press, UK, 1-212. ISBN:0-7456-3114-2@Yes$Ahmad Manzoor (2010).@Implications of the War On Terror for Khyber Pukhtunkhwa.@Journal of Critical Globalisation Studies, 3, 105.@No$Balachandar Shreshta (2012).@India’s Role in Afghanistan: Past Relations and Future Prospects.@Asia Pacific, News & Analysis, Foreign Policy Journal, 30.@Yes
<#LINE#>Mechanisms for generating credibility in nonprofit organizations<#LINE#>John Beaumont@Stephen <#LINE#>25-29<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJSS-2017-117.pdf<#LINE#>Centro de Tecnología para el Desarrollo (Cented), Buenos Aires, Argentina<#LINE#>28/5/2017<#LINE#>22/9/2017<#LINE#>In recent years, the great increase in the relative importance of Nonprofit Organizations (NPOs), also referred to as Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), in key areas such as health, education, human rights, culture and others that have a favorable impact on social development, entails greater responsibility in leadership and management of these organizations. Beyond the specific increase in the number of NPOs that exist in each country, they have also diversified their scope of activities, moving from more traditional areas such as health and education, to more innovative areas such as the development of alternative energies in isolated populations or evaluation of police forces. Today, there is practically no human development area where these organizations do not actively intervene. By increasing the number of organizations and the thematic areas they attend, there is a consequent increase in their share in the provision of public and private goods, occupying niches that previously belonged to the State or commercial organizations. This, in turn, implies a significant increase in several variables such as economic income, resource mobilization, number of organizations\' stakeholders, media exposure, political influence, etc. All this favors a greater scrutiny of NPOs, both from their own stakeholders as from the public in general. In fact, the scrutiny by the stakeholders is usually fairly fair, or at least based on greater equity, since they usually have more information, mainly due to the need for it for decision making. On the other hand, the general public, while aware of the existence and, to a greater or lesser extent, of the work of these organizations, are often plunged into prejudices, both positive and negative, which alter the possibility of reaching a valid and substantiated conclusion. This is where transparency and accountability become decisive strategic decisions for the credibility of the nonprofit sector.<#LINE#>Milgrom P. and Roberts J. (1992).@Economics, Organization and Management.@Prentice-Hall.@Yes$Mintzberg Henry (1990).@Diseño de Organizaciones Eficientes.@Editorial El Ateneo. Buenos Aires, Argentina.@Yes$ndrés Alonso P. D., Martín Cruz N. and Romero Merino E. (2004).@El gobierno de las sin gobierno.@Universia Business Review, Cuarto trimestre.@Yes$Bergós Civit Raimón (2009).@Debates sobre la transparencia y la rendición de cuentas en las organizaciones del Tercer Sector. Bloque B: Los instrumentos y los indicadores a utilizar.@Fundación Luis Vives, Madrid, España.@No$Chile Transparente - Capítulo Chileno de Transparencia Internacional (2008).@Transparencia de Organizaciones No Gubernamentales. Documento de Trabajo Nº 3.@@No$Fukuyama Francis (1996).@Confianza.@Editorial Atlántida. Buenos Aires, 22-23.@Yes$Miller Gary J. (1992).@Managerial Dilemmas - The political economy of hierarchy.@Cambridge University Press.@Yes$Weisbrod Burton (1977).@The voluntary nonprofit sector: an economic analysis.@Lexington, Mass, Lexington Books.@Yes$Ortmann Andreas and Schlesinger Mark (1997).@Trust, repute and the role of non-profit enterprise.@Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 8(2), 97-119.@Yes$Hansmann, Henry (2003).@The Role of Trust in Nonprofit Enterprise.@Chapter 6 in Helmut Anheier and Avner Ben-Ner, eds., The Study of Nonprofit Enterprise: Theories and Approaches, Kuwer Academic Publishers, 155-122.@Yes$El Observatorio del Tercer Sector (2009).@Anuario 2009 del Tercer Sector Social en Catalunya.@España.@No$Coordinadora de ONG para el Desarrollo (2007).@La Transparencia y Rendición de Cuentas en las ONGD: Situación actual y retos.@España.@No$Monserrat Codorniu Julia (2009).@La transparencia y la rendición de cuentas en el Tercer Sector.@Fundación Luís Vives. Madrid, España.@Yes$Sorj Bernardo (2010).@Usos, abusos y desafíos de la sociedad civil en América Latina.@Siglo XXI Editora, Argentina.@Yes$Vidal Pau (2009).@Debates sobre la transparencia y la rendición de cuentas en las organizaciones del Tercer Sector. Bloque A: La transparencia y la responsabilidad del buen gobierno en las ONL.@Fundación Luis Vives. Madrid, España.@No$Cornejo Juan (2009).@Debates sobre la transparencia y la rendición de cuentas en las organizaciones del Tercer Sector. Bloque A: La transparencia y la responsabilidad del buen gobierno en las ONL.@Fundación Luis Vives. Madrid, España.@No$Edwards, Michael (2000).@NGO Rights and Responsibilities: A New Deal for Global Governance.@The Foreign Policy Centre, London, U.K.@Yes$ALOP (Asociación Latinoamericana de Organizaciones de Promoción al Desarrollo A.C.) (2010).@Consultas Nacionales a Organizaciones de la Sociedad Civil América Latina y El Caribe.@México.@No$Gordon Rapoport Sara (2011).@Transparencia y rendición de cuentas de organizaciones civiles en México.@Revista Mexicana de Sociología, Abril-Junio. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 73(2), 199-229.@Yes$Barragán Daniel (2010).@Rendición de Cuentas: de la transparencia a la legitimidad social.@Centro Ecuatoriano de Derecho Ambiental – CEDA.@Yes$Vidal Pau, Valls Núria y Grabulosa Laia (2008).@Los retos del tercer sector. Una visión a partir de los Consejos Asesores del Observatorio del Tercer Sector.@(Colección Debates OTS 8). Observatorio del Tercer Sector, Barcelona, España.@No