@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Insights and Understanding of Internet using among PG Students: A Study in the Department of Economics, Gulbarga University Kalabuargi, India<#LINE#>Shashiraj C. @Nayak,D.B. @Patil <#LINE#>1-5<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJSS-2016-151.pdf<#LINE#>Dept of Library and Information Science Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi Karnataka, India@Dept of Library and Information Science Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi Karnataka, India<#LINE#>9/9/2016<#LINE#>10/11/2016<#LINE#>Understanding the use of internet among post graduation and research scholars in the Department of Economics department Gulbarga University Karnataka. The major objectives of the study are to study the use of internet among backward region university students particularly in university library and to seek the information about competence in computer and use of internet. The present study is purely based on primary sources of data, for this purpose, research made interview schedule and distributed to randomly all PG students and selected Research scholars in department of economics Gulbarga University Karnataka. Total 250 questionnaires were distributed out of which 200 duly filled and returned. The questionnaire was framed in a simple manner to obtaining information from students to bring out the insights and understanding of the use of internet, which switched into   computer literacy. Majority of the students are females, there is less knowledge about computer literacy with students in the Department of economics and universities. There should be promoted computer literacy use among PG and research scholar. This study will be very useful to society particularly to information society because majority of the rural background students’ computer literacy was very low, for those types of students, the university understands to promote use of internet facilities in especially for lack of internet knowledge and economically backward students in Indian Universities to enable access of internet to the students to support the learning and research activities.<#LINE#>Okon E.A. (2010).@Internet access and use.@The Electronic Library, 28(4), 555-567.@Yes$Mitra A. and Steffensmeier T. (2000).@Changes in student attitudes and student computer use in a computer enriched environment.@Journal of Research on Computing in Education. 32, 417-433.@Yes$Liu X., Macmillan R. and Timmons V. (1998).@Integration Of Computers Into The Curriculum: How Teachers May Hinder Students@McGill Journal of Education., 33(1), 51-69.@Yes$Al-Ansari H. (2006).@Internet use by the faculty members of kuwait university.@The Electronic Library., 24 (6), 791-803.@Yes$Ali N. (2005).@The use of electronic resources at IIT Delhi Library: a study of search behaviours.@The Electronic Library., 23(6), 691-700.@Yes$Internet World Statistic (2015).@Data set includes ITU (Internet Telecommunication Union), Computer Industry Almanac.@IAMAI (Internet and Mobile Association of India), IWS (Internet World Statistics).@No$Debashis Pati (2002).@Marketing Research.@Universities Press (India) Pvt. Ltd. Hyderabad. 561@Yes$Adika G. (2003).@Internet use among faculty members of universities in Ghana.@Library Review., 52(1), 29-37.@Yes$Adomi E.E., Omodeko F.S. and Otolo P.U. (2004).@The use of cyber cafe at Delta State University, Nigeria.@Library Hi Tech., 22 (4), 38-85.@Yes$Applebee A.C., Clayton P. and Pascoe C. (1997).@Australian academic use of the Internet.@Internet Research., 7(2), 85-94@Yes$Luambano I. and Nawe J. (2004).@Internet use by students of the university of Dares Salaam.@Library Hi-Tech News., 10, 13-17.@Yes$Ruzgar N.S. (2005).@A research on the purpose of Internet usage and learning via Internet.@The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology., 4(4), 27-32.@Yes$Pretika Khanna (2014).@Student Online Behaviour Report by HT Digital and IMRB.@Dec 01 2014. 09 33 PM IST. http://www.livemint.com/Politics/PSq0aCdEQTkbFa3LwghGSM/93-students-in-India-access-Internet-everyday.html@No$Statista Inc. (2014).@Statistics and facts on internet usage in India. New York, USA.@https://www.statista.com/topics /2157/internet-usage-in-india@No$McKenzie J. (1995).@Direct connect: before net and after net.@Multi Media Schools, 2(3), 6-8.@No$Souza Y.K.D. (1999).@Electronic Media and the Internet.@Dominant Publishers and Distributers, Delhi.@No$Short E. and Sproesser G. (1993).@Online catalogue researching: a thematic unit, School Executive.@29(5), 50.@Yes$Yumba D. (1997).@Internet in the library: potentials.@African Journal of Library and Archives and Information Science., 7(2), 163-68.@Yes$Dhamija N. and Panda S.K. (2007).@Attitude of P.G. Students towards internet.@Edutracks., 6(5).@Yes$Berson M.J. (1996).@Effectiveness of computer technology in the social studies: A review of the literature.@Journal of Research on Computing in Education., 2 (4), 486-499.@Yes
<#LINE#>Mobile Phone and the Emergence of Multiple Relationships<#LINE#>Sumi Rani @Saha <#LINE#>6-9<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJSS-2016-179.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Sociology, University of Barisal, Barisal-8200, Bangladesh<#LINE#>28/10/2016<#LINE#>28/11/2016<#LINE#>The study explores the impact of globalization especially mobile phone on the emergence of multiple relationships among the students of University of Dhaka. This study used Giddens’ concept of disembedding to characterize globalization. Thus, in the study, globalization is conceptualized in terms of accessing mobile phone and multiple relationships are defined as forming and maintaining romantic relationships with multiple partners via mobile phone.  It was hypothesized those who use multiple SIM cards are likely to maintain contact with multiple boy/girlfriends which was examined using a self-administered questionnaire from a sample survey of 360 respondents. The age of the participants ranged from 20 to 25 years old. Results showed that mobile phone is a significant determinant of forming romantic relationships with multiple partners and using multiple SIM cards is significantly associated with simultaneously maintaining contact with multiple boy/girlfriends.<#LINE#>Ellwood-Clayton B. (2006).@All We Need is Love—and a   Mobile phone:  Texting in the Philippines.@Proceeding of the International Conference on Cultural Space and Public Sphere in Asia. Seoul, South Korea, 15-16 Mar, 357-369.@Yes$Asia Market Intelligence Limited. (2002).@Asia-Pacific Siemens Lifestyle Survey 2002-2003.@Singapore.@No$Mori (2000).@Text Messaging: Research conducted for Bite Communications/Lycos.@Sage, London.@No$Raiti G.C. (2007).@Mobile Intimacy: Theories on the Economics of Emotion with Examples from Asia.@Journal of Media Culture, 10(1), 1-10.@Yes$Oksman V. and Turtiainen J. (2004).@Mobile Communication as a Social Stage.@New Media and Society, 6(3), 319-339.@Yes$Ling R. (2004).@The Mobile Connection: The Cell Phone’s Impact on Society.@Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA.@Yes$Tomita H. (2005).@Keitai and the Intimate Stranger.@In Ito, M., D. Okabe, and M. Matsuda (Eds.), Personal, Portable, and Pedestrian: Mobile Phones in Japanese Life, MIT Press, Cambridge.@Yes$Thompson L. and Cupples J. (2008).@Seen and not Heard? Text Messaging and Digital Sociality.@Social and Cultural Geography, 9(1), 95-108.@Yes$Kopomaa T. (2000).@City in Your Pocket: Birth of the Mobile Information Society.@Gaudeamus, Helsinki.@Yes$Geser H. (2006).@Towards a Sociological Theory of the Mobile Phone.@An Interdisciplinary Journal on Humans in ICT Environments, 1(1), 45-57.@Yes$Wajcman J., Bittman M. and Brown J. (2009).@Intimate Connections: The Impact of the Mobile Phone on Work/Life Boundaries.@Goggin, Gerard and Hjorth, Larissa, (Eds.), Mobile Technologies: From Telecommunications to Media, Routledge, London, 9-22.@Yes$Prøitz L. (2005).@Intimacy Fiction: Intimate Discourses in Mobile Phone Communication amongst Norwegian Youth.@Nyiri, K. (Eds.), A Sense of Place: The Global and The Local in Mobile Communication, Passagen Verlag, Vienna, 191-200.@Yes$Yoon K. (2003).@Retraditionalizing the mobile phone: Young people’s sociality and Mobile phone use in Seoul, South Korea.@European Journal of Cultural Studies, 6(3), 327-343.@Yes$Green E. and Singleton C. (2009).@Mobile Connections: An Exploration of the Place of Mobile Phones in Friendship Relations.@The Sociological Review, 57(1), 125-144.@Yes$Pertierra R. (2005).@Mobile Phones, Identity and Discursive Intimacy.@Human Technology, 1(1), 23-44.@Yes$Ellwood-Clayton B. (2003).@Virtual Strangers: Young Love and Texting in the Filipino Archipelago of Cyberspace.@Nyiri K. (Eds.), Mobile Democracy: Essays on Society, Self and Politics, Passagen Verlag, Vienna.@Yes$Humphreys L. and Barker T. (2007).@Modernity and the Mobile Phone: Exploring Tensions about Dating and Sex in Indonesia.@Journal of Media and Culture, 10(1), http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0703/06-humphreys-barker.php.@Yes$Matanhelia P. (2010).@Mobile Phone Use by Young Adults in India: A Case Study.@Ph. D. Thesis, University of Maryland.@Yes$Hijazi-Omari H. and Ribak R. (2008).@Playing with fire: on the domestication of the mobile phone among Palestinian teenage girls in Israel.@Information, Communication and Society, 11(2), 149-166.@Yes$Ganesh I.M. (2009).@Secret Publics and Subversive Erotics?  Exploring Mobility and Sexuality with Kothis in Bombay/Mumbai.@Proceeding of the Asia Regional Dialogue, Hanoi, Vietnam, 10-12 April. http://www.sxpolitics.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/ secret -publics-and-subversive-erotics_indira-ganesh.pdf.@Yes$Ganesh I.M. (2010).@Mobile Love Videos Make Me Feel Healthy: Rethinking ICTs for Development.@IDS Working Papers, 352, 1-43.@Yes$Giddens A. (2013).@The Third Way: The Renewal of Social Democracy.@Polity Press, Cambridge.@Yes$Giddens A. (1990).@The Consequences of Modernity.@Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA.@Yes$Ray L. (2007).@Globalization and Everyday Life.@Routledge, New York.@Yes$Byrne R. and Findlay B. (2004).@Preference for SMS Versus Telephone Calls in Initiating Romantic Relationships.@Australian Journal of Emerging Technologies and Society, 2(2), 48-61.@Yes$Vasudev S. (2002).@Love in the time of SMS.@India Today dated October 14, 2002, http://www.indiatoday.com/ itoday/20021014/cover.shtml.@Yes$Gergen K. (1997).@Social Saturation and the Populated Self.@The Saturated Self: Dilemmas of Identity in Contemporary Life, Basic Books, New York.@Yes$Scifo B. (2005).@Domestication of Camera Phone and MMS Communications: The Early Experiences of Young Italians.@Nyiri K. (Eds.), A Sense of Place: The Global and The Local in Mobile Communication, Passagen Verlag, Vienna.@Yes$Malia M. (2011).@How has the mobile phone changed our lives over time?.@http://wiki.answers.com/Q/ How_has_the_mobile_phone_changed_our_lives_over_time.@No
@Research Article
<#LINE#>Muslims’ Quest for Identity in Nigeria in the Midst of Boko Haram Insurgency, Religious Conflicts and Media (Mis) Representation<#LINE#>Desmond Onyemechi @Okocha <#LINE#>10-16<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJSS-2016-170.pdf<#LINE#>School of Media and Mass Communication, NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India<#LINE#>12/10/2016<#LINE#>26/11/2016<#LINE#>The task of this paper is to critically and empirically examine the multidisciplinary and multidimensional issues that confront the identity of Islam within the Nigerian society as a resultant effect of the Boko Haram insurgency since 2002. Nigerian political elites have devised various constitutional and administrative arrangements to cope with the country’s complex ethnic and religious pluralism. Yet, peace and stability have been elusive, as the country continues to experience severe religious and communal conflicts. In view of this ugly state of affairs, this paper strives to investigate the role of the media in constructing the identity of Islam in the midst of all these dramas. Secondary data mainly from literatures and newspapers were highly relied on. Additionally, a critical discourse analysis was conducted on selected media reports on Islam and insurgencies to highlight the nature of the coverage and their influence in projecting the image of Islam within the Nigerian multi-religious context. This article went further to empirically prove that there is a significant connection between media representation and audience perception. The paper concluded with the submission that it\\\'s essential and pressing for the Muslim community to engage the traditional and mainstream media to correct misconceptions and equally disseminate their desired image. Recommendations were put forward on strategic ways the media can be utilized to the advantage of the Islamic faith.<#LINE#>PSB NewsHour (2007).@Ethnicity in Nigeria.@Published 5 April 2007. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/africa-jan-june07-ethnic_04-05/  Retrieved October 2, 2016.@No$BBC News (2015).@Nigeria’s Boko Haram Pledges Allegiance to Islamic State.@http://www.bbc.com/  Accessed on September 27, 2016.@No$Pisa K. and Hume T. (2015).@Boko Haram Overtakes ISIS as World Deadliest Terror Group, Report Says.@Cable News Networks, Source: http://www.cnn.com/ Accessed on September 27, 2016.@Yes$Ostien P. (2012).@A Survey of the Muslims of Nigeria’s North Central Geo-political Zone.@Nigeria Research Network (NRN), Source: https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/ groups/nigeriaresearchnetwork/info, Retrieved September 30, 2016.@Yes$Lapidus I.M. (2002).@A History of Islamic Societies.@Cambridge University Press, 405, ISBN 0-521-77933-2.@Yes$Abduhu B. (1979).@Ma’aHarakUl-Islam fi Ifriqiyah.@Siding Islamic Movement in Africa, Cairo, 175.@Yes$Joseph K. (1996).@Sharia and Christianity in Nigeria: Islam and a ‘Secular’ State.@Journal of Religion in Africa., 24(4), 388.@Yes$CMK Lum (2006).@Perspective of Culture, Technology and Communication: The Media ecology Tradition.@Gencarelli N.J: Hampton, 201-225.@Yes$Strate L. (1999).@Understanding MEA.@Media Res, 1(1), Fall 1999, Source: http://www.media-ecology.org/publications/In_Medias_Res/Imrv1n1.html. Accessed: September 28, 2016.@Yes$Nystrom C.L. (1975).@Towards a Science of Media Ecology: The Formulation of Integrated Conceptual Paradigms for the Study of Human Communication Systems.@Doctoral Dissertation, New York University.@Yes$Postman N. (1980).@The Reformed English Curriculum.@A.C. Eurich, ed, High School 1980: The Shape of the Future in American Secondary Education, Edited by Alvin C. Eurich, 160-168. New York, Pitman.@Yes$McCombs M.E. (2013).@Setting the Agenda: The Mass Media and Public Opinion.@Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, ISBN 0745623123, 41-76.@Yes$Baran S.J. and Davis D.K. (2011).@Mass communication theory: Foundations, ferment, and future.@5th Edition, Cengage Learning, India, ISBN 10:8131509729, 54-80.@Yes$Chong and Druckman (2007).@Framing Public Opinion in Competitive Democracies.@American Political Science Review., 101(4), 637-655.@Yes$Chioma P.E. (2016).@Impact of Television Webcasting Framing on International Audience Perception of Nigeria Government’s Response to Boko Haram Insurgency.@International Journal of Management Science,  6(11), 529-543.@No$McQuail D. (2010).@McQuail’s Mass Communication Theory.@6th Edition. London: Sage Publications Limited, ISBN: 9781849202923, 512-548.@No$Chan-olmsted S.M. and Park J. (2000).@From On-Air to Online World: Examining the Content and Structures of Broadcasting TV Station’s Websites.@Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 77(2), 321.@Yes$Cooper C. (2004).@Gates: Convergence is for Real.@CNET news.com, http://news.com.com/2102-7353_3_5137118.html, Accessed on August 10, 2016.@Yes$Exner D. and Thurston W.E. (2009).@Understanding Passion Killing in Botswana: An Investigation of Media Framing.@Journal of International Women’s Studies, 10(4).@Yes$Epstein R. (2016).@The Empty Brain. Aeon Media Group.@Source: http://www.aeon.com/your-brain-does-not-process-information-0and-it-is-not-a-computer, Accessed on August 10, 2016.@No$Okafor G. (2014).@The Influence of Media Ownership and Control on Media Agenda Setting in Nigeria.@International Journal of Humanities, Social Science and Education, 1(7), 36-45.@Yes$Hackett R.I.J (2003).@Managing or Manipulating Religious Conflict in the Nigeria Media.@Mitchell, J. & Marriage, S. eds., Mediating Religion: Conversations in Media, Religion and Culture. Edinburgh: T & T Clark. Chapter 5.@Yes$Kukah M.H. (1996).@Public Perceptions of the Press in Nigeria.@Journalism in Nigeria: Issues and Perspectives, edited by O. Dare and U. Adidi. Lagos: National Union of Journalists, Lagos State Council.@Yes$Bel Das, Partharathi and Poitevin (2006).@Media and Mediation Communication Process.@1, Sage Publications, New Delhi, ISBN 9780761934288, 234-270.@No$Wartella E. (1983).@Mass Communication Review Year Book.@3, Beverley Hills, California: Sage Publications, 51-60.@Yes$Eapen K.E. (1973).@The Media and Development: An Exploratory Survey in Indonesia and Zambia : with Special Reference to the Role of the Churches.@Leads: J. A. Kavanagh & Sons. Ltd.@Yes$CIPR (2010).@Chartered Institute of Public Relations.@Available at: http://www.cipr.co.uk/content/about-us. Accessed September 20, 2016@No$PRCA (2010).@Public Relations Consultancy Association.@Available at: http://www.prea.org.uk/, Accessed September 20, 2016.@No$Averill G. (2011).@Public Relations.@Oxford University Press, New York, ISBN - 10: 0199565740, 20-50.@No$Perloff R. (2010).@The Dynamics of Persuasions: Communications and Attitudes in the 21st century.@2nd edition, Mahwah NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 113-121.@Yes$Brighton P. and Foy D. (2007).@News Values.@London: Sage Publications, ISBN 9781849202169, 1-29.@Yes$Reddi C.V.N. (2014).@Effective Public Relations and Media Strategy.@2nd Edition,  PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi, ISBN 13:9788120336469, 79.@Yes
<#LINE#>News Coverage of Public Protest Against to Bauxite Mining: A Content Analysis of Indian Dailies<#LINE#>Madhu Babu @Jangili,Padma@Ponugoti <#LINE#>17-24<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJSS-2016-187.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India@Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India<#LINE#>16/11/2016<#LINE#>3/12/2016<#LINE#>In this study, we analyzed the news coverage of public protest to Bauxite Mining in India by the Indian newspapers. A quantitative designed based on content analysis was adopted in this research. The news on public protests to Bauxite mining appeared in The Hindu, The New Indian Express, Eenadu and Vaartha newspapers between 1st January, 2012 to 31st December, 2012 have been analyzed. These were classified news, news stories, editorials, articles, photos and cartoons used. It concludes that the coverage of public protests to Bauxite mining is neither significant nor encouraging in the sample dailies.<#LINE#>Jagannadh Rao M. et.al (2016).@Bauxite Mining in Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, Possible Environmental Implications and Measures for Environmentally Friendly Mining.@International Journal of Science and Research. 5(4).@Yes$National Mineral Policy (2008).@Ministry of Mines, Government of India.@http://www.fedmin.com/upload/ nmp08.pdf.@No$Lyla Bavadam (2010).@The Hindu Survey on the Environment.@Page 91-92.@No$Sunita Narain (2012).@Yozana, Publication Division.@May 2012  P-11@No$Poornananda D.S. (2008).@Claim-maker and frames of environmental news in India.@Mass Communicator, 31-37.@Yes$Chapman G., Kumar K. J., Fraser C. and Gaber I. (1997).@Environmentalism and The Mass Media: The North – South Divide.@London, GBR: Routledge.@Yes$Paimre M. and Loit H. H. (2011).@Media Generated News Waves – Catalysts for Discursive Change: The Case Study on Drug Issues in Estonian Print Media.@Journalism, 12(4), 433-448.@Yes$Anderson A, (1997).@Media, Culture and The Environment.@New Jersy: Rutgers University Press@No$MoEF (2010).@Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India.@@No
<#LINE#>The European Neighbourhood Policy from an IPE perspective: Economic dependency versus ENP-compliance in the EU’s southern neighborhood<#LINE#>Daniel @Gugan <#LINE#>25-31<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJSS-2016-174.pdf<#LINE#>Corvinus University of Budapest, Hungary<#LINE#>19/10/2016<#LINE#>3/12/2016<#LINE#>This paper aims to examine the European Neighbourhood Policy from an international political economy perspective. Using a locally adapted version of world systems analysis as theoretical framework, the mode of “incorporation” into the EU\\\'s regional economic system will be examined in the case of the EU\\\'s southern “neighbourhood”. The focus of examination is put on the interplay between economic dependency patterns and the transformative capabilities of the EU vis-a-vie its neighbors. The hypothesis suggests that the success of the EU\\\'s policy tools to transform neighbor states highly depends on the economic dependency patterns of the given states. Closer economic ties imply enhanced compliance with the EU\\\'s policy tools while more economic autonomy gives space to more resistive behaviors. To test this assumption, first an overall examination of the economic dependency patterns of the southern neighbors needs to be carried out, including trade, investment and development aid figures, and then the compliance of these states with ENP policies needs to be examined and compared accordingly. The final outcome of this comparison can then shed some light on the interplay between the concepts of \\\"Market Power Europe” and “Normative Power Europe”, channeling this research into the contemporary scientific debate on ENP effectiveness.<#LINE#>Whitman Richard G. and Wolff Stefan (2010).@Much ado about nothing? The European Neighborhood Policy in Perspective: Context.@The European Neighbourhood Policy in Perspective, Palgrave Studies, 3-26.@Yes$Manners Ian (2002).@Normative Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms?.@Journal of Common Market Studies, 40(2), 235-258.@Yes$Damro Chad (2012).@Market power Europe.@Journal of European Public Policy, 19(5).@Yes$Damro Chad (2015).@Market power Europe: exploring a dynamic conceptual framework.@Journal of European Public Policy, 22(9).@Yes$Marchetti Andreas (2009).@The European Neighbourhood Policy: Foreign Policy at the EU’s Periphery.@Discussion Paper, C 158, University of Bonn: ZEI.@Yes$Wallerstein Immanuel (2011).@The Modern World-System: l@University of California Press, London.@Yes$European Commission (2015).@Progress reports on implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy: Tunisia, Morocco and Egypt.@http://eeas.europa.eu/enp/ documents/progress-reports/index_en.htm, retrieved: 07/05/2016.@No$European Commission (2013).@Progress reports on implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy: Tunisia, Morocco and Egypt.@http://eeas.europa.eu/enp/ documents/progress-reports/index_en.htm (retrieved: 07/05/2016).@No$European Commission (2014).@Progress reports on implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy: Tunisia, Morocco and Egypt.@http://eeas.europa.eu/ enp/documents/progress-reports/index_en.htm (retrieved: 07/05/2016)@No
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>To study the important characteristics for the development of Navsari District of Gujarat State, India<#LINE#>Desai Mayuri @K. <#LINE#>32-36<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJSS-2015-270.pdf<#LINE#>D.R. Patel and R.B. Patel Commerce College, Surat, Gujarat, India<#LINE#>28/10/2015<#LINE#>26/11/2016<#LINE#>In this paper author discuss on the basic and important parameters for the development of Navsari district of Gujarat. The growth of the city from 1901 to 2011 were studied on different aspects. In Navsari, fast development in industrial sectors like food products, chemicals, metal products and rubber and plastic products manufacturing etc. in last two decades. Due to industrial growth, the rate of urban population is also increased in last two decades. In 2011, Total population of Navsari is 1,330,711 as per latest provisional figures released by Directorate of Census Operations in Gujarat, Out of which male and female were 678,423 and 652,288 respectively. This shows increase of 8.24 percent in 2011 compared to figures of 2001 census. In comparison with population data published by Census 1991 & 2001, the population of navsari district was increased by 13.24%. Average literacy rate of Navsari district raised up to 75.83% in 2001 to 84.78% in 2011.<#LINE#>Deboosere P., Gadeyne S. and Van Oyen H. (2009).@“The 1991–2004 evolution in life expectancy by educational level in Belgium based on linked census and population register data”.@, European Journal of Population, 25(2), 175-196.@Yes$Klotz J. and Doblhammer G. (2008).@Trends in educational mortality differentials in Austria between 1981/82 and 2001/2002: A study based on a linkage of census data and death certificates.@Demographic Research, 19(51), 1759-1780.@Yes$Valkonen T. (2002).@Les inegalites sociales devant la mort.@, In: Caselli, G., Vallin, J., and Wunsch, G. (eds.), Demographie: analyse et synthese, Paris: Editions de l’Ined, 3, 351-372.@Yes$http://www.navsarinagarpalika.com/about.htm; accessed on dated 13.11.2010, 22:15pm@undefined@undefined@No$Chandramouli C. and General R. (2011).@Census of India.@@Yes
<#LINE#>Cultism and Violent Crime: An Appraisal of the Security Challenges in the Niger Delta of Nigeria<#LINE#>Gbenemene @Kpae <#LINE#>37-41<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJSS-2016-154.pdf<#LINE#>Center for Conflict and Gender Studies, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria<#LINE#>14/9/2016<#LINE#>14/11/2016<#LINE#>Cultism has been a serious social problem facing the Nigerian society. Recently, the Niger Delta of Nigeria has seen rising cases of cult related killings.  Cult rivalry is at the center of most homicide committed by cult members. Cult groups are always in constant battle for supremacy and control over turf. Many young people are lured into joining cult because of peer pressure, the desire to belong, and to seek for protection. Our security agencies appear to be overwhelmed by the criminal activities of cultist groups. Apart from criminal homicide, cult members are also linked to other unlawful behaviours such as armed robbery, kidnapping, rape, arson and illegal arms trade. The proliferation of cult groups in the Niger Delta is due to fall in moral standard, structural imbalances in our society, and near total collapse of the Nigerian socio-economic system. While the threat of cultism seems unabated all stakeholders particularly, the government and security agencies need to work together to checkmate the activities of these cult groups. This paper critically examines the problem of cultism, violent crime and insecurity in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. It uses Robert Merton’s Anomie theory as the theoretical framework to analyze the problem of cultism in the Niger Delta of Nigeria.<#LINE#>Aliu A. (2015).@IG declares war on Cultism.@The Guardian Newspaper, 1.@No$Rotimi A. (2005).@Violence in the citadel: The Menace of Secret Cults in the Nigerian Universities.@Nordic Journal of African Studies, 14(1), 79-98.@Yes$Lexicon Webster Dictionary (2016).@Definition of Cultism.@www.worldcat.org/titlenew-lexiconwebsters... dictionary- of- the.../editions, Retrieved 25/10/16.@No$Ogunbameru O.A. (2004).@Personality Dimension to Cultism in Nigeria Tertiary Institutions : A Sociological Perspective.@Journal of Human Ecology, 16(2), 91-98.@Yes$Ogunnade R. (2002).@Secret societies and-cultic activities in Nigerian tertiary institutions in Leading Issues in-General Studies.@University of Ilorin Press.@No$Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (Promulgation) Decree (1999).@Definition of cult.@www.nigeria-law.org/consititution Of The Federal Republic of Nigeria. Retrieved  1/10/16.@No$Maquet. J. (1971).@Power and society in Africa.@New York: McGraw Hill. 217.@Yes$Offiong D.A. (1989).@Continuity and Change in some Tradition.@Societies of Nigeria, Zaria Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University Press, 22, ISBN 9781350356.@Yes$Obah-Akpowoghaha N.G. (2013).@Theoretical Understanding of Conflicts and Violence in Nigeria: The Niger Delta Militant and Northern Islamic Sect Boko Haram in Perspective.@Public Policy and Administration, 3(10), 11.@Yes$Durkheim E. (2014).@The Division of Labour in Society.@New York: The Free Press.@Yes$Iwarimie-Jaja D. (1995).@Criminology: The study of Crime.@Owerri: Springfield Publishers, 138-144, ISBN 978-978-8020-65-8.@Yes$Ajayi I.A., Haastrupt Eundayo. and Osalusi F.M. (2010).@Menace of Cultism in Nigerian Tertiary Institutions: The Way Out.@Anthropologist 12(3), 155-160.@Yes$Adigwu C. (1999).@Students cultism- a creation of regime.@The  National Concord, 5.@Yes$Ogunlusi B. (2003).@Awe Vs Soyinka.@The Guardian Newspaper, 7.@No$Mgbekem S.J.A. (2004).@Management of University Education in Nigeria, Calabar.@University of Calabar Press, 139, ISBN 9780071286, 9789780071295.@Yes$Okeowo S. (1994).@Campus Cult: Manifestation of National Decadence.@Nigerian Tribune, 5@Yes$Abbey A.I. (2015).@Cultism, criminality and Insecurity in Rivers State.@A Keynote Paper presented at the RSCMA monthly Conflict Dialogue, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, 31st August, 2015, 5.@No$Ahire P. (2015).@Nigeria needs institute of criminology.@www.naija360.com Accessed 7/11/2015.@No
<#LINE#>Varna System: The Forgotten Meaning<#LINE#>Akshay@Shivdas <#LINE#>42-46<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJSS-2016-173.pdf<#LINE#>CAD-CAM Mechanical Department, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India<#LINE#>19/10/2016<#LINE#>28/11/2016<#LINE#>This paper brings to light the real meaning and significance of the Varna system. Varna system today is the most misunderstood, wrongly interpreted universal truth. Its real meaning has got buried under the exploitative and dehumanizing ideology of the caste system of the Hindu society and remained confined just to it. The caste system was formed keeping in consideration of the concept of Varna system and Varna system being a universal truth defined the layout of this caste system with ease. This caste system served the political interests of uppercastes and made the life of lower castes miserable. Hence the caste system faces a worldwide criticism and this complete blame hurls up on the Varna system. Those who come forward in defense of the Varna system fail to justify it because even they don’t understand what the Varna system actually is. Just because Varna system is mentioned in the scriptures of Sanatan dharma, Hindus come in defence of it. They usually put their efforts in turning the image so formed of the Varna system, from birth based to karma based, which even is not a proper justification. This paper presents a completely disparate interpretation so far over the Varna system and gives an account on the true and forgotten meaning of the Varna system.<#LINE#>Griffith Ralph T.H. et al. (1973).@The Hymns of Rigveda.@Book 10, Hymn XC.@Yes$Besant Annie and Das Bhagvan (1979).@The Bhagavad Gita.@Theosophical Publishing Society London and Benares, Printed by Freeman and Co. Ltd. At Tara printing works Benares.@Yes$Sharma Richa (2015).@Varna System in Selected Indian Classics.@@No$Barman Khanin (2015).@Varnashramadharma and Present Society: A Study in Gandhian Perspective.@@No$Kishwari Lughet E. (1964).@Persian dictionary.@Published in Lucknow.@No$Wikipedia (1926).@Encyclopaedia of religion and ethics.@6, Reference No. 699.@No$Widgery Alban (1930).@The principles of Hindu Ethics.@International Journal of Ethics, 40(2), 234-237.@Yes$Potter Karl H. (2014).@The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies.@2, Indian Metaphysics and Epistemology, Motilal Banarsidass, 112.@Yes$Christopher Key Chapple (2009).@The Bhagavad Gita: Twenty-fifth–Anniversary.@State University of New York Press, ISBN 978-1-4384-2842-0, 635.@Yes$Arulmani G., Bakshi A.J., Leong F.T.L. and Watts A.G. (2013).@Handbook of Career Development.@International Perspectives, Springer, ISBN 978-1-4614-9459-1, 139-143.@Yes
<#LINE#>Rural Housing Finance: Impediments and Way Forward<#LINE#>M.S. @Siddiqui,R.Y. @Mahore <#LINE#>47-51<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJSS-2016-184.pdf<#LINE#>Post Graduate Teaching Department of Economics, RTMNU, Nagpur, MS, India@Post Graduate Teaching Department of Economics, RTMNU, Nagpur, MS, India<#LINE#>5/11/2016<#LINE#>3/12/2016<#LINE#>Housing is one of the basic needs of man and is also considered a fundamental human right. In recent times, it is used as a key indicator in defining the living quality among the poor sections of the society. Hygienic and dignified living is a challenge for poor across the world and is further aggravated in case the housing is not appropriate. Not just from the fundamental rights point of view but also from the point of view of hygienic and dignified living condition it is important to improve housing conditions for the poor. The criticality of proper housing is most acutely felt in the rural areas, urban slums and poorer sections of the developing countries. Kutcha and semi-pucca houses often lack the ability to provide clean running water, sanitation, sewage removal and other amenities that are closely associated with elementary health. In India, specifically in rural India, there are considerable constrains in creating decent shelter for the poor. This is further compounded by the lack of successful initiatives in creating access to housing finance. The paper focuses on rural India, where the shortage for rural housing loans is believed to be very high in the light of inadequacy of government housing program along with failure of traditional mortgage finance. It also looks at Housing Microfinance as a possible solution along with additional suggestions to increase access to rural housing finance.<#LINE#>Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (2007).@Report of the Technical Group [Eleventh Five Year Plan: 2007-12] on Estimation of Urban Housing Shortage” (TG-11), Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation.@National Buildings Organisation, Government of India, New Delhi.@No$Working Group on Rural Housing for the 11th Five Year Plan, MoRD (2011), p.7@undefined@undefined@No$Census of India (2012).@H-Series Tables on Census Houses, Household Amenities and Assets, Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India.@Ministry of Home Affairs, New Delhi.@No$National Housing Bank (NHB), (2012).@Report on Trends and Progress of Housing in India.@nhb.org.in/Publications/Report-Trend-and-Progress-of-Housing-in-India-2012.pdf@No$Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) (2011).@Working Group on Rural Housing for XII Five Year Plan.@Government of India, New Delhi@No$Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) (2009).@Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY).@https://web.archive.org/web/ 20101225101132/http://rural.nic.in/iaygd2.htm@No$Ferguson Bruce (1999).@Micro-finance of housing: a key to housing the low or moderate-income majority?.@Environment and Urbanization 11, no. 1: 185-199@Yes$Baumann Ted (2000).@Bridging the Finance Gap in Housing and Infrastructure.@Case Study. South Africa: People’s Dialogue.@Yes$McLeod Ruth (2000).@Bridging the Finance Gap in Housing and Infrastructure, India: SPARC-A Case Study.@Homeless International. Phase I Report to the Department of International Development.@Yes$Erb Debra L. (2000).@Home Financing Where It’s Never Been Done Before. Putting the “Real” in Real Estate for Aspiring Home Owners in Countries with no Mortgage Systems.@The World Paper, Boston, Mass.@Yes
<#LINE#>Modernization of Agriculture in Colonial Punjab and its impact on the Rural Economy<#LINE#>Thakur @Mandakini,Bath @K.S. <#LINE#>52-55<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJSS-2016-190.pdf<#LINE#>Department of History, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India@Punjab State Council for Science & Technology, Sector-26, Chandigarh, India<#LINE#>20/11/2016<#LINE#>4/12/2016<#LINE#>Agriculture was the main occupation of the overwhelming majority of population as well as the mainstay of the government income in the Punjab under British rule. Therefore, it became one of the main areas which determined the policies of the British. This was also because the economic transformation of the province depended on the dissection and form of agricultural change. At the outset of British rule in Punjab, the agricultural operations in use, the quality of seeds, animal husbandry, the system of crop rotation and marketing of agricultural produce was almost becoming marked by stagnation and obsolescence. The establishment of British rule in Punjab opened the way for the introduction of western science and technology in the province. Various technological improvements such as the use of high yielding varieties of seeds, improved irrigational system, better livestock, new techniques of cultivation such as better system of rotation of crops, use of more manure, control and avoidance of crop diseases and better system of marketing of agricultural produce were systematically introduced by the British. Changes in the methods of production brought significant changes in the social and economic set up in the province and their impact was generally positive and long lasting. This paper discusses the impact of modernization of agriculture in colonial Punjab.<#LINE#>Darling M.L. (1977).@The Punjab Peasant in Prosperity and Debt.@Delhi, 151-52.@Yes$Kerr I.J. (1976).@The Agri-Horticultural Society of the Punjab.@1851-1871, The Panjab Past and Present, Punjabi University, Patiala. 252-56.@Yes$Report on the Administration of the Punjab and its Dependencies for the Year 1905- 1906, Lahore (1906).@20. Punjab State Archives (P.S.A.).@Patiala@No$Report on the Census of India (1931).@Vol. XVII, Lahore.@32 (1933).@No$Annual Report of the Department of Agricultural Punjab for the year 1906-07: 1, Lahore. (1907).@Punjab State Archives (P.S.A.).@Patiala@No$Annual Reports on the Administration of the Punjab for the year 1911- 12:5. Lahore (1912).@P.S.A.@@No$Annual Reports on the Administration of the Punjab for the year 1920-21: 65. Lahore. (1921).@P.S.A.@@No$Roberts William and Singh, Kartar (1947).@A Text Book of Punjab Agriculture, Lahore.@n.d.:56-58. , Civil and Military Gazette@Yes$Darling M.L. (1977).@Punjab Peasant in Prosperity and Debt.@Delhi. 149; Montgomery District Gazetteer, Lahore(1933): 163.@Yes$Hunter W.W., Cotton J.S., Burn R. and Meyer W.S. (1908).@Imperial Gazetteer of India, Provincial Series.@Punjab, Vol. I, Calcutta (1908), 62; Report on the Administration of the Punjab and its Dependencies for the Year 1887-88:9 Lahore(1888). P.S.A.@Yes$Hunter W.W., Cotton J.S., Burn R. and Meyer W.S. (1908).@Imperial Gazetteer of India, Provincial Series.@Punjab, Vol. I:59 (1908). P.S.A.@Yes$Annual Reports on the Administration of Punjab for the year 1911-12: 373. Lahore (1912).  P.S.A.@undefined@undefined@No$Annual Reports on the Administration of Punjab for the year 1914-15:174. Lahore (1915).  P.S.A.@undefined@undefined@No$Annual Reports on the Operation of the Department of Agriculture Punjab for the year 1918-19:10. Lahore (1919). P.S.A.@undefined@undefined@No$Annual Reports on the Administration of Punjab for the year 1916-17:183. Lahore (1917). P.S.A.@undefined@undefined@No$Annual Reports on the Season and Crops of the Punjab, 1913-14:4. Lahore (1914).@undefined@undefined@No$Roberts, William & Singh, Kartar. (1947), The Textbook of Punjab Agriculture.pp.358-365. Lahore, Civil and Military Gazette@undefined@undefined@Yes$Annual Reports on the Administration of the Punjab for the year 1922-23:83. Lahore (1923), P.S.A.@undefined@undefined@No$Annual Report on the Operations of the Agricultural Department Punjab from 1924, Lahore (1924), Vol. I:13, P.S.A.@undefined@undefined@No$The staple of 4F is seven-eights, and of country five-eights of an inch, Report of the Department of Agricultural Punjab, 1921-22:14. Lahore. (1923).@undefined@undefined@No$Report on the Census of India. (1931). Vol. XVIII, Punjab, Part 1:24.@undefined@undefined@No$Annual Report on the Operation of the Department of Agriculture, Punjab for 1919:10; Report on the Agricultural of Punjab, 1921-22:14. Lahore (1923). P.S.A.@undefined@undefined@No$Roy Tirthankar. (2011).@The Economic History of India 1857-1947.@Oxford University Press. 122-23.@Yes$Banerjee Himadri (1982).@Agrarian Society of the Punjab (1849-1901).@New. Delhi: Manohar. 52-53.@Yes$Singh Sukhwant (2005).@“The Peasants’ Response to Colonial Environment”, in Reeta Grewal & Sheena Pall (eds.).@Pre-Colonial and Colonial Punjab, Manohar Publishers, New Delhi. 290.@No$Singh G. (2002).@Green Revolutions Reconsidered: The Rural World of Contemporary Punjab.@Oxford University Press, USA. p. 31@Yes$Banerjee Himadri (1982).@Agrarian Society of the Punjab (1849-1901).@New. Delhi: Manohar. 67-68.  Also see, Mukherjee, Mridula. (2005). Colonializing Agriculture-The Myth of Punjab Exceptionalism. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. pp. 61-62.@Yes