@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Examining the Relationship between Depression, Anxiety and Religious Orientation in Kashmir University Students<#LINE#>Touseef@Rizvi<#LINE#>1-4<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJSS-2015-009.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Psychology, University of Kashmir, J&K INDIA<#LINE#>2nd/1/2015<#LINE#>3rd/3/2015<#LINE#>  The present study was conducted with the aim to examine the relationship between depression, anxiety and religious orientation among Kashmir University Students and to find out the significant differences in these variables with respect to gender. 200 students studying in various departments of Kashmir University completed the Becks Depression Inventory (Beck, 1960), Becks Anxiety Inventory (Beck, Epstein, Brown, Aaron, Steer, 1988).and Age Universal Scale of Religious Orientation (Gorusch and Vanable, 1983). Results of the study revealed a significant negative correlation of anxiety and depression with intrinsic religious orientation whereas with respect to extrinsic orientation no significant correlations were found. No significant differences were found in anxiety and depression as far as gender is concerned. However with respect to religious orientation males were found to be more extrinsically oriented and females were found to be more intrinsically oriented. <#LINE#> @ @ Jung C.G., Modern man in search of his soul Psychology Press, (2001) @No $ @ @ Lewis C.A., Maltby J., and Day L.  Personality and Individual Differences, 38(5), 1193-1202 (2005) @No $ @ @ Allport G.W. and Ross J.M., Personal religious orientations and prejudice, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5, 432-433 (1967) @No $ @ @ Allport G.W. Religious context of prejudice, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, , 447-457 (1966) @No $ @ @ Genia V. and Shaw D.G., Religion, Intrinsic extrinsic orientation and depression, Review of Religious Research, 32, 274-283 (1991) @No $ @ @ Fleck J.R. Dimensions of personal religion: A response to J.R. Fleck and J.D. Carter (Eds.), Psychology and Christianity, 66-80. New York: Harper Row (1981) @No $ @ @ Kahoe R.D. and Meadow M.J., A developmental perspective on religious orientation dimensions, Journal of Religion and Health, 20, 8-17 (1981) @No $ @ @ Bergin A.E., Masters K.S. and Richards P.S. Religiousness and psychological well-being re-considered: A study of an intrinsically religious sample, Journal of Psychiatry, 34, 197-204 (1987) @No $ @ @ Genia V.I, E Quest and fundamentalism as predictors of psychological and spiritual well-being, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 35, 56–64 (1996) @No $ @ @ Koenig H.G. Religion and older men in prison, International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 10219–230 (1995) @No $ @ @ Nelson P.B., Intrinsic/extrinsic religious orientation of the elderly: Relationship to depression and self-esteem, Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 16, 29–35 (1990) @No $ @ @ Watson P.J., Morris R.J. and Hood R.W., Sin and self-functioning: Depression, assertiveness and religious commitments, Journal of Psychology and Theology, 17, 44–58 (1989) @No $ @ @ Park C., Cohen L.H. and Herb L., Intrinsic religiousness and religious coping as life stress moderators for Catholics versus Protestants, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 562–574 (1990) @No $ @ @ Rezaei A, Naji Esfahani H, Momeni Ghaleh Ghasemi T. and Amin Raaya M., Studying the correlation between religious orientation, depression and anxiety in students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Researches about behavioral sciences (Mental Health Special Version). 10(6), 509-519  (2012) @No $ @ @ Beck A.T., Steer R.A. and Brown G.K., Manual for Becks Depression Inventory (Second edition). The psychological corporation, Harcourt Brace and Company, San Antonio (1966) @No $ @ @ Beck A.T., Epstein N., Brown G. and Steer R.A., An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56(6), 893–897 (1988) @No $ @ @ Gorsuch R.L. and Venable G.D., Development of an Age Universal I-E scale, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 22, 181-187 (1983) @No $ @ @ Genia, V. and Shaw, D. G. Religion, Intrinsic extrinsic orientation and depression, Review of Religious Research, 32, 274-283 (1991) @No $ @ @ Amer M., Hovey J.D., Fox C.M., and Rezcallah A., Initial development of the Brief Arab Religious Coping Scale (BARCS), Journal of Muslim Mental Health, 3, 69-88 (2008) @No
<#LINE#>Farmers Knowledge on System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Andhra Pradesh, India<#LINE#>K@Nirmala,R@Vasantha,K@Supriya<#LINE#>5-11<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJSS-2015-023.pdf<#LINE#>Agricultural Extension Department, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, INDIA<#LINE#>25/1/2015<#LINE#>5/3/2015<#LINE#>  The present investigation focused to study farmers Knowledge on SRI cultivation was carried out in Mahaboobnagar district, Andhra Pradesh. 120 SRI cultivated farmers constituted the sample. Ex-post facto research design was adopted in the investigation as selected variables have already occurred. A well prepared interview schedule consisting of 35 items testing the level of knowledge of farmers on recommended practices in SRI was prepared and administered. The findings revealed that on majority of farmers (67.5%) had knowledge on SRI cultivation practices to a medium level. Item analysis of Knowledge statements revealed that large majority of respondents had knowledge on items such as seed rate (100%), Varieties suitable for SRI (95%) spreading of seeds loosely and sparsely on nursery bed (85.83%), marker helps in drawing lines (89.17%) etc. Large majority do not possess knowledge on practices such as: number of hills recommended per square meter (62.5%) and weeding interval (43.3%). Correlation analysis revealed that, the variables viz. education, training in SRI, Extension contact, sources of information utilization, perception of respondents on SRI, innovativeness and input availability were found to be positively and significantly correlated to the level of Knowledge of SRI cultivating farmers.  <#LINE#> @ @ http://ciifad.cornell.edu accessed online on Saturday (31-1-2015) (2015) @No $ @ @ http://www.sri-india.net/ accessed online on Saturday (31-1-2015) (2015) @No $ @ @ Sreenivasulu M., Empowerment of farmer through farmers Field Schools in Andhra pradesh. Unpublished Ph. D.thesis, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University,Hyderabad (2011) @No $ @ @ Ryoichi Doi and Supachai Pitiwut.,From Maximization to Optimization: A Paradigm Shift in Rice Production in Thailand to Improve Overall Quality of Life of Stakeholders The Scientific World Journal Article ID 604291, 11 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014 /604291 (2014) @No $ @ @ Mokidul Islam, Nath L.K.,  Patel D.P., Anup Das G.C., Tanmay Samajdar and Ngachan S.V., Productivity and socio-economic impact of system of rice intensification and integrated crop management over conventional methods of rice establishment in eastern Himalayas, IndiaPaddy and Water Environment, 12(1), 193-202 (2014) @No $ @ @ Prakongkep N., Suddhiprakarn A., Kheoruenromne I., Smirk M. and Gilkes R.J., The geochemistry of Thai paddy soils, Geoderma,144(1-2), 310–324 (2008) @No $ @ @ Nagaraj Dhananjaya Swamy P.S., Madhushree A. and Vidyadhara B., A Study on Knowledge and Adoption ofFarm Mechanization by Paddy Grower in Tungabhadra Project Area, Karnataka International Journal of Agriculture and Food Science Technology, 4(4), 385-390 (2013) @No $ @ @ Rathod M.K., Mandve R.P and Tidke G.R., Impact of training on paddy production technology, Journal of Agricultural xtension Management, 101-112 (2012) @No $ @ @ Vasantha R., Critical analysis of Integrated Pest Management practices (IPM) in relation to innovation-decision process among cotton growing farmers of Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh. Ph.D Thesis, Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad (2002) @No 
<#LINE#>Negligence in Government Hospitals of Bangladesh: A Dangerous Trend <#LINE#>Md.Rabiul@Islam,Shekh@Farid<#LINE#>12-18<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJSS-2015-036.pdf<#LINE#>  Institute of Social Welfare and Research (ISWR), University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1205, BANGLADESH<#LINE#>8/1/2015<#LINE#>6/3/2015<#LINE#>  Over the years, medical negligence- negligence by doctors, physicians, nurses, health assistants and other health professionals- has become a common phenomenon in health sector of Bangladesh that received an unprecedented level of attention from all. Moreover, the culture of impunity to the concerned professionals added a new dimension to this malpractice and, therefore, the number of death and deterioration of health due to the negligence is on the rise. The people of Bangladesh receiving health services, perhaps, took it as their predestination to be somehow neglected to varying degrees in health settings of the country. Although almost every day we find the news of negligence through media, but the real scenario is more severe than what is reported that claimed a study to be conducted to know the real scenario of negligence in health settings of the country. This paper, however, tries to disclose existing malpractice and negligence people- patients and their attendants- usually incur in hospitals of the country, covering the nature of negligence they face by the accused. Furthermore, the paper also highlights the nature of behaviors of the concerned service providers to the receivers and to what extent the latter are satisfied towards the former ones. Data have been collected from the patients and their attendants receiving services from the nine purposively selected government hospitals of Bangladesh. It shows that the overwhelming number of the patients and their attendants somehow faced negligence, though with different nature, in the hospitals by the concerned professionals and showed their dissatisfaction towards hospital services they were provided with. <#LINE#> @ @ Islam,   Md.   Shahidul   and   Ullah,   Mohammad   Woli.People’s Participation  in  Health  Services:  A  Study of Bangladesh’s Rural Health Complex,Bangladesh Development Research Centre (BDRC), USA (2009) @No $ @ @ Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Health Bulletin 2013, Management Information System, Directorate General of Health Services, Govt. of People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212 (2014) @No $ @ @ Transparency International Bangladesh, Dhaka Medical College Hospital: A Diagnostic Study, Gulshan, Dhaka-1212 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ain o Salish Kendra (ASK). A Study on Medical Negligence and Fraudulent Practice in Private Clinics: Legal Status and Bangladesh Perspective, 7/17, Block B, Lalmatia, Dhaka (2013) @No $ @ @ Tasnim Eshita, Clinical Negligence, Forum-A monthly publication of the Daily Star, 06(08), (2012) @No $ @ @ Ain o Salish Kendra (ASK). A Study on Medical Negligence and Fraudulent Practice in Private Clinics: Legal Status and Bangladesh Perspective, 7/17, Block B, Lalmatia, Dhaka (2013) @No $ @ @ Dash Shreemanta Kumar, Medical Ethics, Duties and Medical Negligence Awareness among the Practitioners in a Teaching Medical College Hospital- A Survey, J Indian Acad Forensic Med, 32(2), 153-156, (2010) @No $ @ @ Tasnim, Eshita. Clinical Negligence, Forum-A monthly publication of the Daily Star, Volume 06, Issue 08, Dhaka. (2012) @No $ @ @ Islam, Md. Zahidul. Medical Negligence in Malaysia and Bangladesh: A Comparative Study, IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 14(03), 82-87 (2013) @No $ @ @ Hoque, Mir Md. Amtazul and Chowdhury, Fazle Rabbi. Medical Malpractice - In Quest of an Effective Legal Protection in Bangladesh, Journal of Medicine, 09 (02), 87-89(2008) @No $ @ @ Akter, Khandaker Kohinur. Consumer protection: A legal Framework to Address Medical Negligence, The Daily Sun (07-11-2013), Dhaka (2013) @No $ @ @ Islam, Md. Zahidul. Medical Negligence in Malaysia and Bangladesh: A Comparative Study, IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 1403, 82-87 (2013) @No $ @ @ Yale New Haven Medical Center, ‘The Four Elements of Medical Malpractice, Issues in Risk Management,(1997) @No 
<#LINE#>Determinants of Bilateral Trade Flows in Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)<#LINE#>Rafika@Sebbagh,SidAhmed@Zenagui,Mohammed@KamelSi,Hind@Mehdaoui,Ghorzi.@salima<#LINE#>19-22<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJSS-2015-039.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Economics and Management, Ain TemouchentUniversity, Ain Temouchent, ALGERIA <#LINE#>11/2/2015<#LINE#>12/3/2015<#LINE#>  The study aims to measure the most important determinants of trade flows among Arab Maghreb Union (AMU) group members from 1995to2011 through Gravity Model. The empirical findings show that there exist a positive impact of gross domestic production (GDP) and a negative effect of geographical distance on trade flows, that the exchange rate and tariff rates have no significant effect on export flows. In the contrast, these countries have not yet achieved their aim and should set up efforts by the policy makers to promote intra- trade among Arab Maghreb Union.<#LINE#> @ @ Ricardo, David, On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (1 ed.), London, (1817) @No $ @ @ Bertil Ohlin, Interregional and International Trade, Cambridge, Harvard University Press,  (1933) @No $ @ @ Stolper W.F. and Samuelson Paul A, "Protection and Real Wages", Review of Economic Studies9(1), 58–73, (1941) @No $ @ @ Krugman Paul., Scale Economies, Product Differentiation, and the Pattern of Trade,  American Economic Review,70, 950-959, (1980) @No $ @ @ Isard W., Location Theory and Trade Theory: Short-Run Analysis, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 68, 305-322 (1954) @No $ @ @ Tinbergen J., Shaping the world economy: Suggestions for an international trade policy, Twentieth Century Fund Press, New York. (1962) @No $ @ @ Poyhonen P., A tentative model for the volume of trade between countries, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 90, 93-100(1963) @No $ @ @ Abdmoulah W., Arab Trade Integration: Evidence fromZero-Inflated Negative Binominal Model, Journal of Economic cooperation and Development, 32(2), 39-66 (2011) @No $ @ @ Yaghoob Jafari, Mohd Adib Ismail and Morteza SadeghKouhestani, Determinants of Trade Flows among D8 Countries: Evidence from the Gravity Model, Journal of Economic Cooperation and Development, 32(3), 21-38 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bahmani, M et al, The Effects of Currency Fluctuations and Trade Integration on Industry Trade Between Canada and Mexico, Research in Economics64, 212-223(2010) @No $ @ @ Rina Bhattacharya and Hirut Wolde Constraints on Trade in the MENA Region, IMF Working Paper, WP/10/31, (2010) @No $ @ @ Rajabzadeh Armin and Panahzadeh Asghar, Studying the Role of Modern Marketing in Developing Non-Oil Exports, Reseach Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(6), 83-89, (2013) @No $ @ @ Melitz Jacques, Language and Foreign Trade, European Economic Review, 52, 667-699 (2008) @No $ @ @ Lee, Jong and Shin, Kwanho, Does Regionalism Lead to More Global Trade Integration in East Asia?, Economics and Finance17, 283-301 (1954) @No $ @ @ Philippini Carlo, Molini, Vasco, The Determinants of East Asian Trade Flows:  A Gravity Equation Approach, Asian Economics,14, 695-711 (2003) @No $ @ @ Pass Tiiu and Tafenau Egle, European Trade Integration in the Baltic Sea Region: a Gravity Model Based Analysis, HWWA Discussion Paper, 331, 1-26 (2005) @No $ @ @ Inmaculada M and Felicitas N, Augmented Gravity Model: an empirical application to Mercosur-European Uniontrade flows, Journal of Applied Economics, VI(2), 291-316 (2003) @No $ @ @ Bahmani-Oskooee M. et al., Exports, Growth and Causality in LDCs: A Reexamination, Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 36, Amsterdam, 405-415 (1991) @No 
<#LINE#>Corporate Social Responsibility: A New Edge of Corporate Governance in India (With special reference to JSW Steels Ltd., Torangallu)<#LINE#>Subhakanta@Nayak<#LINE#>23-30<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJSS-2015-040.pdf<#LINE#>  Bhuwalka Group of Companies, Bhuwalka Centre, No. 71, 3rd Cross, Residency Road, Bengaluru – 25, Karnataka, INDIA<#LINE#>12/2/2015<#LINE#>31/3/2015<#LINE#>  Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has gradually been focused more stringently in the corporate governance in India. An attempt is made in the present piece of work to study and understand the development of CSR in Indian corporate sector and contemporary approach in the corporate governance of the nation. Further the study aims at to examine the nature and process of various CSR initiatives undertaken by JSW Steel Ltd,India’s largest steel manufacturing company in private sector and it’s impact on the targeted beneficiaries. Since it was an exploratory study, data collection was made adopting qualitative research methodology i.e, through both primary and secondary source. The study, however, suggests that the contemporary CSR practices of JSW Steel are based on an integrated approach of legal and moral obligation towards social development which had created a positive socio-economic impact on the community/local populace only.  <#LINE#> @ @ Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia on corporate social Responsibility, accessed from www.google.com on October 29 (2014) @No $ @ @ Seth. N.R., Corporate Social Responsibility in CSR WORLD available in www.csrworld.net, accessed on November 05 (2014) @No $ @ @ Dhanpal S., Corporate Social Responsibility under companies Act,2013 posted at htt://taxgaru.in/company-law/corporate-social-responsibility-companies-acts-2013.htm/#sthash.OAX461JU.dpuf, accessed on November 01, (2014) @No $ @ @ Holme Lord and Watts Richard., The World Business Council for sustainable Development, in it’s publication Making Good Business Sense, (2001) @No $ @ @ Melikyan H., ‘Corporate Social Responsibility: A Fashion Trend or a serious Approach?’ available at: http://conf.uniruse.bg/bg/docs/cp10/5.1/5.1-52.pdf (2010) @No $ @ @ Narayan Murthy N.R., Talk on Corporate Social Responsibility, on the occasion of award giving ceremony by chairmule pratishthan, Pune on 29th March (2013) @No $ @ @ REC, www.recindia.nic.in/download/ DPE_Guidelines_ CSR_sust.pdf, accessed on October 18, (2013) @No $ @ @ Rao P.S and Surve shyamkant., Corporates Social Responsibility: Issues and Challenges –An empirical Research on India Context ‘ in Maratha Mandir’s Babasaheb Gawde Institute of Management Studies (2012) @No $ @ @ Dodh Pankaj, Singh Sarbjeet and Ravita., Corporate social Responsibility and sustainable Development in India in Global Journal of Management and Business studies, ISSN 2248-9878, 3(6), 681 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sharma, Shashi K., Corporates, Government and Non-Governmental organizations: Changing Roles in Development, an un published paper available at http://www.accademic.edu. accessed on December 06 (2014) @No $ @ @ Ministry of Mines, Govt. of India, Draft bill of the Mines and Minerals ( Development and Regulation) (Amendment) Bill 2014 available at http://www.mmdr(2014) @No $ @ @ gov.in, accesseds on November 14 (2014) @No $ @ @ Herrman K.K, Corporate Social responsibility and Sustainable Development: The European Union Initiatives as a case study, Indian Journal of Global Legal Studies,II(2)(2004) @No $ @ @ Dodh Pankaj, Singh Sarbjeet and Ravita, Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Development in India in Global Journal of Management and Business Studies, 2248-9878, 3(6), 686 (2013) @No $ @ @ Krishnamurti Karkum, Umesh C. and Nandan K., A Study Report on Quality of Life Survey (2010-11), an unpublished impact study report on CSR initiatives of JSW Foundation conducted by Innovative to Initiatives (2011) @No 
<#LINE#>Dynamic  Concept  of  Coastal  Agricultural  Landuse  and  Agricultural  Resources  - A Case  study  at  Egra  Block-I and Egra  Block-II, Purba Medinipur, WB, India<#LINE#>Chandan @ Karan ,Shashi@ Bhushan,Manojit@Mondal<#LINE#>31-36<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJSS-2015-045.pdf<#LINE#>Geography Department, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, INDIA @ Geography Department, K.O. College, Ranchi, Jharkhand, INDIA <#LINE#>18/2/2015<#LINE#>21/4/2015 <#LINE#>  Resource is the most dynamic in nature. Geographical paradoxes of nature and human needs base resource  function ability are the  most significant parameter for resource  dynamic. In this concept agricultural resource are the important and demandable primary economic activity for economic development. The primary economic activity base agricultural resource and agricultural land use are continuous dynamic through time by time. Some physical parameter and socio-economic parameter are determine for dynamic change of agricultural resource and agricultural land use. In study area, Egra block-I, Egra block-II of Purba Medinipur (W.B.) as a coastal area where the agriculture and agricultural land use practice  rapidly change day by day. Mainly food crops field are highly converted and dynamic change in to commercial crops field . Some geomorphic determinism and socio economic determinism are the main force full factor for this resource dynamic change.  <#LINE#> @ @ Ahmad E.,  Bihar, A physical Economic and Regional Geography, Catholic Press, Ranchi, 7-10 (1965) @No $ @ @ Mitchell C., Terrain Evaluation - Longman, London, 1625 (1973) @No $ @ @ Prasad A., (The physical landscapes of chotanagpur: A study in regional physiography, Geographical outlook,4,41-61 (1965) @No $ @ @ Pascoe E., A manual of the geology of India and Burma, 3rd Edition, 64-67 (1950) @No $ @ @ Scheidegger, A.E.: Mathematical Model of slope development, Bull. Geol. Sac. Am.72, 37-50 (1981) @No $ @ @ Singh R.P., Geomophological evolution of Chotanagpur High lands, 42-71(1958) @No $ @ @ Satpathi D.D.P., Geomorphology of Singhbhum, D. Litt. Thesis Ranchi Univ. Ranchi. (1973) @No $ @ @ De. N.K. and Jena, N.C. The land Multifacted Apprasal and management - Shribhumi Publishing Company, Calcutta, 18-36 (1977) @No $ @ @ Mandal R.B., Land utilization theory and practice, concept publishing company, New Delhi (1990) @No $ @ @ Nanawati M.B.,  Reading in land utilization, The Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, Bombay, 89-100 (1997) @No 
<#LINE#>Economic Growth, Economic Freedom, and Corruption: Evidence from Panel Data<#LINE#>A.N.M.M.@Islam<#LINE#>37-42<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJSS-2015-057.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Economics, Asian University for Women, 20/A, M M Ali Road, Chittagong 4000, BANGLADESH<#LINE#>26/2/2015<#LINE#>5/4/2015<#LINE#>  Economic Freedom is considered to be conducive to growth while corruption is mostly found to be anti-growth. A related question could be whether Economic Freedom reduces the possible adverse effect of corruption on economic growth.  Moreover, how are corruption and growth possibly affected by the major components of Economic Freedom? For example, a major element of economic freedom is Size of the Government which consists of taxes, among others.  Income tax is considered as a levy on agent’s incentive to productive activity by reducing an agent’s property right. However, if revenue collected from taxes is used by the government in productive sectors then the adverse effect of taxes might decrease. On the other hand, negative effect of taxes on growth might be accentuated by higher degree of corruption. This paper examines the effects of corruption, economic freedom and its major components and their possible cross effects with corruption on economic growth. By using cross-country data and a panel estimation procedure it turned out that economic freedom was generally positively associated while corruption was negatively associated with growth though the result for the later is not robust. The influence on corruption seemed to decline in the presence of high degree of Economic Freedom. However, the findings were not as robust when components of Economic Freedom were considered separately. <#LINE#> @ @ Solow R.M., A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65-94, (1956) @No $ @ @ Barro R.J., Government spending in a simple model of endogenous growth, Journal of Political Economy, 98(5),  The Problem of Development: A Conference of the Institute for the Study of Free Enterprise Systems, S103-S125, (1990) @No $ @ @ Barro R.J., Economic Growth in a Cross Section of Countries, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(2), 407-443, (1991) @No $ @ @ Vanssay X. and Spindler Z.A., Freedom and Growth: Do Constitution Matters?, Public Choice, 78, 359-72, (1994) @No $ @ @ Wright L.M., A Comparative Survey of Economic Freedoms,  In: R.D. Gastil (ed.),  Freedom in the World: Political Rights and Civil Liberties 1982, London: Greenwood Press, (1982) @No $ @ @ Ram R., Private Investment, Freedom, Openness, and Economic Growth: Evidence from Recent Cross-Country Data, Economia Internazionale, 53(3), 371-388, (2000) @No $ @ @ Gwartney J.D., Lawson R. and Hall J., Economic Freedom of the World: 2014 Annual Report. Vancouver: The Fraser Institute, (2014) @No $ @ @ Knack S. and Keefer P., Institutions and economic performance:  cross country tests using alternative institutional measures, Economics and Politics, 7(3), 207-227, (1995) @No $ @ @ Ayal E.B. and Karras, G., Components of Economic Freedom and Growth: An Empirical Study, The Journal of Developing Areas, 32 (3), 327-338, (1998) @No $ @ @ Nelson M.A. and Singh, R.D., Democracy, Economic Freedom, Fiscal Policy and Growth in LDCs: A Fresh Look, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 46, 677-696, (1998) @No $ @ @ Levine R. and Renelt M., A sensitivity analysis of cross-country growth regression, American Economic Review, 82, 942-963, (1992) @No $ @ @ Hall and Jones, Why Do Some Countries Produce So Much More Output per Worker than Others??, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114(1), 83-116, (1999) @No $ @ @ Sala-i-Martin, I just Ran Four Million Regressions, NBER Working Paper No. 6252, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, (1997) @No $ @ @ Clark A.K. and Clark M., Mind the Gap: Public Attitudes on Crime Miss the Mark, International Research Journal of Social Sciences, 2(3), 1-11, (2013) @No $ @ @ Ahmed C.J., Legal Aid and Women’s Access to Justice in Bangladesh: A Drizzling in the Desert, International Research Journal of Social Sciences, 1(3), 8-14, (2012) @No $ @ @ Ochoa J.A. and Banderas J.A., Welfare and Crime in Mexico, International Research Journal of Social Sciences, 2(11), 6-10, (2013) @No $ @ @ Shahabuddin S. and Ahsan L., The Economic Policies for Elimination of Poverty, A Comparative Analysis between Pakistan and Malaysia, International Research Journal of Social Sciences,3(9), 63-67, (2014) @No $ @ @ Afzal A. and Mirza N., The Impact of Financial Liberalization on the Credit System of Pakistan: Historical Perspective, International Research Journal of Social Sciences,2(3), 74-80, (2013) @No $ @ @ Aidt T.S., Economic Analysis of Corruption: A Survey, The Economic Journal, 113, F632-F652, (2003) @No $ @ @ Bardhan P., Corruption and Development: A Review of Issues, Journal of Economic Literature, 35, 1320-1346, (1977) @No $ @ @ Bruno V., Corruption in a model of Growth: Political reputation, competition and shocks, OFCE, Fondation National des Sciences Politiques, 69 Quai d’Orsey, F-75007, Paris, (2000) @No $ @ @ Mauro P., Corruption and Growth, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(3), 681-712, (1995) @No $ @ @ Méon P. and Sekkat K., Does Corruption Grease or Sand the Wheels of Growth?, Public Choice, 122, 69–97, (2005) @No $ @ @ Brunetti A., Political Variables in Cross-Country Growth Analysis, Journal of Economic Surveys, 11(2), 163-190, (1991) @No $ @ @ Barreto R.A., Endogenous Corruption, Inequality and Growth: Econometric Evidence, School of Economics, Adelaide University, Working Paper No. 01-2, Adelaide, (2001) @No $ @ @ Houston D., Can Corruption Ever Improve an Economy?, Cato Journal, 27 (3), 325–42, (2007) @No $ @ @ IFS, International Monetary Fund CD –ROM, (2013) @No 
<#LINE#>Factors Affecting to the Child Health in Urban India: A Comparative Study between Two Mega Cities<#LINE#>BalGovind@Chauhan,AmbarishKumar@Rai<#LINE#>43-51<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJSS-2015-064.pdf<#LINE#>International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai – 400088, INDIA <#LINE#>10/3/2015<#LINE#>16/4/2015<#LINE#>Child health is the one of important indicator of development of the nation. It also indicates the demographic status of any country and illustrates the future of human resource capital potential of the nation. Three standard indices of physical health/ growth of children, proposed by WHO, are “Height-for-age (stunting), Weight-for-height (wasting) and Weight-for-age (underweight)”. Child health was started emphasised and majorly focused globally during ICPD 1994 with considering it as a co-domain of Maternal health and named as MCH (Maternal and Child health). In the present study, we try to investigate the label of child health status in two demographically important mega cities as Meerut and Chennai. The prime objective of the study is to examine the relationship between background characteristics of the city and the status of child health and its influencing significant factors. NFHS-3 data was used for analysis. To examine the differential health status of the child across slum and non-slum population, bi-variate technique execute while Chi-square test has been used to understand the significant of background characteristics on child health status. The results show that the stunting is higher for Meerut than Chennai, as a little less than double. This difference is not much greater for slum children (27.7, 45.8) compare to non-slum (25.7, 42.2) in both the cities Meerut and Chennai respectively. For wasted and underweight characteristics, Chennai has a greater contribution than Meerut, and subsequently it is higher for slum over non-slum population. Wasted difference gap between slum and non-slum is higher for Chennai compare to Meerut, that is, 10.4 points and 4.1 points respectively. As a part of policy implication, one should enhance the nutritional status of the child as well as mother breastfeeding must be encouraged. <#LINE#> @ @ Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Provisional Population Totals. Paper 2, 1(1), Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, New Delhi, (2011) @No $ @ @ Hosseinpoor A.R. et al., Decomposing Socio-Economic Inequalities in Infant Mortality in Iran, International Journal of Epidemiology, 35, 1211-1219 (2006) @No $ @ @ Rossi E.A., Primary Health Care in Urban Areas: Reaching the Urban Poor in Developing Countries, UNICEF and WHO Report No. 2499, UNICEF and WHO, Geneva: World Health Organization (1984) @No $ @ @ Harpham T., Lusty T. & Vaughan P., In the Shadow of the City: Community Health and the Urban Poor, Oxford University Press, Oxford (1998) @No $ @ @ Brockerhoff M, Brennam E., The Poverty of Cities in Developing Regions, Population and Development Review,24 (1), 75–114 (1998) @No $ @ @ De J. and Gollerkeri R.S., Socio-Cultural Aspects of Infectious Hepatitis in Vadodara, India, Asian Geographer,  5(1), 99-105, (1986) @No $ @ @ Van L. Wim., The world health report 2008: primary health care: now more than ever, World Health Organization, (2008) @No $ @ @ United Nations Human Settlements Program,  Global Report on Human Settlements 2007: Enhancing Urban Safety and Securit,  Nairobi: UN-HABITAT, (2007) @No $ @ @ Islam, M., M. Montgomery and S. Taneja, Urban Health and Care Seeking Behavior: A Case Study of Slums in India and the Philippines. Bethesda, MD: The Partners for Health Reform Project, Abt Associates Inc, (2006) @No $ @ @ Montgomery M.R. and Hewett P.C, Urban Poverty and Health in Developing Countries Household and Neighbourhood Effects . Demography, 42(3), 397-425 (2005) @No $ @ @ Fotso J.C., A. Ezeh and R. Oronje., Provision and Use of Maternal Health Services among UrbanPoor Women in Kenya: What Do We Know and What Can We Do? Journal of Urban Health 85(3), 428- 442 (2008) @No $ @ @ Rutstein S., K. Johnson and L. Montana., Targeting Health Services to the Urban Poor: Is Slum Geography Enough? Paper presented at the XXV International Population Conference, International Union for the Scientific Study of Population, Tours, France (2005) @No $ @ @ Bartlett S., Water, Sanitation and Urban Children: The Need To Go Beyond 'Improved' Provision. Environment and Urbanization 15, 57-70 (2003) @No $ @ @ Habitat U.N., State of the World’s Cities. The Millennium Development Goals and Urban Sustainability, (2006) @No $ @ @ Tibaijuka A.K., United Nations Human Settlements Programme Health and Living Conditions in Eight Indian Cities: National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) India, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India, (2005-06),  Available: http://www.ab.xlibx.com/1medicine/39286-2-health-and-living-conditions-eight-indian-cities-national-fami.php, Accessed 2015, March, 16 @No $ @ @ International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and Macro International, National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), 2005-06: India, Mumbai: IIPS, , (2007) @No $ @ @ Reed B.A., Habicht J.P. & Niameogo C.,The effects of maternal education on child nutritional status depend on socio-environmental conditions. International Journal of Epidemiology, 25, 585–592 (1996) @No $ @ @ Subramanian S.V., Lochner K.A. & Kawachi I., Neighborhood differences in social capital: a compositional artefact or a contextual construct? Health and Place, 9(1), 33–44 (2003) @No $ @ @ Rai A.K. & Chauhan B.G., Inequality in utilization of maternal and child health care services among teenage married women in Uttar Pradesh: Evidences from NFHS3, Global Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 3(10), 70-89 (2014) @No $ @ @ Freedman L., Wirth M., Waldman R., Chowdhary M. & Rosanfield A., Background paper of the task force on child health and maternal health, Millenium Project,Commissioned by UN Secretary General and supported by UN Development Group, 2003, Available: http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/documents/tf04apr18.pdf, Accessed 2015, March, 16  @No $ @ @ Goli S, Arokiasamy P, Chattopadhayay A,, Living and health conditions of selected cities in India: Setting priorities for the National Urban Health Mission. Cities: The International Journal of Urban Policy and Planning, 28, 461–469 (2011) @No $ @ @ Agarwal S., The state of urban health in India: comparing the poorest quartile to the rest of the urban population in selected states and cities. Environment and Urbanization, 23(1), 13–28 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bergel E.E., Urban Sociology. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc., , (1955) @No $ @ @ Beshers J.M., Urban Social Structure. New York:The Free Press of Glencoe Inc. (1962) @No 
<#LINE#>Optimistic and Pessimistic Attitude Influencing Depressive Symptoms in Old Age<#LINE#>Vijayshri<#LINE#>52-58<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJSS-2015-067.pdf<#LINE#> Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, INDIA<#LINE#>17/3/2015<#LINE#>25/4/2015<#LINE#>  Depression is the commonest and the most reversible mental health problem in old age. It is associated with physical illness and disability, life events, social isolation and loneliness. Present study attempts to ascertain the role of optimistic and pessimistic attitude for depressive symptoms in individuals at the late stage of their life. The study was carried out with 300 participants of 60 to 85 years age who were drawn from Delhi, India. The respondents were given 21 items BDI scale to measure their level of depression and 56 items OPS scale which measures the optimistic and pessimistic attitude. Linear regression analysis was applied to complete the objectives of the study. Analysis of the responses showed that pessimism was a significant predictor of depression whereas optimism was found as an insignificant predictor of depressive symptoms among elderly. Results also indicated pessimism as a significant predictor of depression among female older persons, elderly living in urban settings, older who had their spouses alive and also among those having spouses not alive. <#LINE#> @ @ Baldwin R., Mood disorders: depressive disorders. In R. Jacoby, C. Oppenheimer, T. Dening and A. Thomas (Eds.), Oxford Textbook of Old Age Psychiatry (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press, (2008) @No $ @ @ Beyondblue, Dementia and Depression, Retrieved 30thMay, 2008. (2007) @No $ @ @ Ames D., Flynn E., Tuckwell V. and Harrigan, S., Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among in-patients in an acute geriatric hospital, Australian Journal on Ageing., 13, 8-11 (1994) @No $ @ @ Murata C., Kondo K., Hirai H., Ichida Y. and Ojima T., Association between depression and socio-economic status among community-dwelling elderly in Japan: the Aichi Gerontological Evaluation Study (AGES), Health Place., 14, 406–414 (2008) @No $ @ @ Kim J.M., Shin I.S., Yoon J.S., Stewart R., Prevalence and correlates of late-life depression compared between urban and rural populations in Korea, International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry., 17(5), 409-415 (2002) @No $ @ @ Barua A., Ghosh M.K., Kar N. and Basilio M.A., Socio-demographic Factors of Geriatric Depression, Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 32(2), 87–92 (2010) @No $ @ @ doi:10.4103/0253-7176.78503  7.Greenhalgh K., Understanding early depression [Internet]; Massachusetts: University of Massachusetts; c2010 [updated 2010 May; cited 2013 Aug 13] Available from:http://health.uml.edu/thc/HealthIssues/Elderly_Depression/Elderly%20Depression.html[ Links] (2013) @No $ @ @ Kennedy G.J., The epidemiology of late-life depression. In: Kennedy G.J., editor. Suicide and depression in late life: Critical issues in treatment, research and public policy. New York: John Wiley and Sons, pp. 23–37 (1996) @No $ @ @ Stordal E., Krüger B.M., Dahl N.H., Krüger O., Mykletun A., and Dahl A.A., Depression in relation to age and gender in the general population: the Nord-Trondelag Health Study (HUNT), Acta Psychiat Scand, 104, 210-216 (2001) @No $ @ @ White L., Blazer D. and Fillenbaum G., Related health problems, in Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Eld erly: NIH Publication 90-495. Edited by Cornoni-Huntley J., Blazer D., Lafferty M., Everett D.,Brock D., Farmer M., Bethesda M.d., National Institute on Aging ,70–85 (1990) @No $ @ @ Blazer D., Burchett B., Service C. and George L., The association of age and depression among the elderly: An epidemiologic exploration, Journal of Gerontology,46, 210–215 (1991) @No $ @ @ Meller I., Fichter M.M. and Schroppel H., Incidence of depression in octo- and nonagenerians: Results of an epidemiological follow-up community study, European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience,246, 93–99 (1996) @No $ @ @ Lightsey R.O., What leads to wellness? The role of psychological resources in well-being, Counselling Psychology, 24, 589-735 (1996) @No $ @ @ Scheier M.F. and Carver C.S., Optimism, coping, andhealth: assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies, Health Psychology, 4(3), 219-247 (1985) @No $ @ @ Chang L. and McBride C., The factor structure of the Life Orientation Test, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 56, 325-329 (1996) @No $ @ @ Carver C.S. and Gaines J.G., Optimism, pessimism, and postpartum depression, Cognitive Therapy and Research, 11(4), 449-462 (1987) @No $ @ @ Velden P.G., Kleber R.J., Fournier M., Grievink L.,Drogendijk A. and Gersons B.P., The association between dispositional optimism and mental health problems among disaster victims and a comparison group: a prospective study, Journal of Affective Disorders, 102(3), 35-45 (2007) @No $ @ @ Puskar K.R., Sereika S.M., Lamb J., and Tasaire-Mumford K., Optimism and its relationship to depression, coping, anger and life events in rural adolescent, Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 20(2), 115-130 (1999) @No $ @ @ Mosher C.E., Prelow H., Chen W., and Yackel E., Coping and social support as mediators of the relation of optimism to depressive symptoms among black college students, Journal of Black Psychology, 32(1), 72-86 (2006) @No $ @ @ Hasan N., and Power T.G., Optimism and pessimism inchildren: A study of parenting correlates, International Journal of Behavioral Development, 26(2), 185-191 (2002) @No $ @ @ Beck A. T., Steer R. A., and Brown G. K., Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory–II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation, (1996) @No $ @ @ Dember W.N., Martin S.H., Hummer M.K., Howe S.R., and Melton R.S. The measurement of optimism and pessimism, Current Psychology: Research and Reviews8(1), 102-119 (1989) @No $ @ @ Joshi R. and Tomar S., A study of optimism and pessimism on emotional maturity, depression and coping strategies among adolescents, International Research Journal, 1 (3 and 4), 42-47 (2010) @No
<#LINE#>Understanding Modernization and Cultural Resistance in Sikkim: A Sociological Analysis of Folk Music<#LINE#>Amit@Manger<#LINE#>59-66<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJSS-2015-084.pdf<#LINE#> Department of sociology, sikkim university-737102, INDIA<#LINE#>31/3/2015<#LINE#>25/4/2015<#LINE#>  This paper “Understanding modernization and cultural resistance in Sikkim: A sociological analysis of folk music” is based on extensive field survey incorporating the three ethnic groups viz., Lepcha, Bhutia and Nepali of Sikkim, a tiny state in the Indian sub-continent. This work basically try to understand the modernization and its impact on traditional folk culture particularly folk music of the local community of Sikkim. At present, under the threat and influence of modernization,the local community are set apart from their traditional folk culture. But, there are few bunch of people whose initiatives have facilitated to sustain and rejuvenate the dwindling culture. It is found that the peoples’ consciousness of their culture has a direct linkages with their diffusing identity. The aim of this paper is also to present such community which has been trying to resist the cultural changes under the thread of modernization. It also highlights the role of state and NGOs in order to proliferate the communities’ traditional folk culture.  <#LINE#> @ @ Turino, T. Music as a Social Life London: University of Chicago, (2008) @No $ @ @ Thomas A. Green Folklore: An Encyclopedia of Beliefs, Customs, Tales, Music,, and Art Calinfornia: ABC-CLIO, Inc. (1997) @No $ @ @ Denora, Tia. Music in Everyday Life. Cambrage, U.k. Cambrage university press, (2000) @No $ @ @ Blacking J., Some Problems of Theory and Method in the Study of Musical Change. International Council for Music, 9, 1-26 (1977) @No $ @ @ Tingey, Carol. Auspicious Music in a Changing Society: The damai Musicians of Nepal. SOSA University of London,  58(2), 395-396 (1995) @No $ @ @ Gurung K., What is Nepali Himal, 8-11 (1993) @No $ @ @ Hill J., Global Folk Music Fusions: The Reification of Transnational  Relationships and the Ethics of Cross-Cultural Appropriations in Finnish Contemporary Folk Music. International Council for Traditional Music32, 50-83 (2007) @No $ @ @ Elbourne R., The Study of Change in Traditional Music. Taylor & Francis Ltd,  86(3/ 4),181-189 (1975) @No $ @ @ Nketia, J. H. Changing Traditional Folk Music in Ghana, International Council for Traditional Music, 11, 31-36 (1959) @No $ @ @ Fischer E., The Necessity of Art: A Marxist ApproachPenguin Book Ltd. (1963) @No $ @ @  Seeger, C. Oral Tradition in Music. Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology and Legend. New York.  11.Funk and wagnalls, Council for Traditional Music, 16, 15-18 (1949) @No $ @ @ Holland P.C., Preservation and Renewal of Traditional Music, International Council for Traditional Music16,15-18 (1964) @No $ @ @ Bauma M.P. Revival: Concepts Between Regression and Emancipation. VWB  – Verlag für Wissenschaft Bildung, 38(3), 71-86 (1996) @No $ @ @ C:\Users\Amit-pc\Desktop\29. 04.14\Tourism\Welcome to the Official Web Portal of Sikkim Tourism.htm (accessed. May 6), (2014) @No $ @ @ Bennett, Andy. Cultural and Everyday Life London, Sage Publication Ltd. (2005) @No $ @ @ Annual Report 2010-2011, Government of Sikkim, Department of Tourism Gangtok (2012) @No $ @ @ Zsuzsanna, The Role of Cultural Tourism in the North Hungarian Region. Periodica Oeconomica, 77-87, (2010) @No 
@Research Article
<#LINE#>India's Manufacturing Exports: Technology Intensity Transition<#LINE#>Preeti@Mann,Shibananda@Nayak,Vani@Aggarwal<#LINE#>67-75<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJSS-2015-088.pdf<#LINE#> Zakir Husain Centre for Educational Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, INDIA @ Centre for WTO Studies, Indian Institute of Foreign Trade, New Delhi, INDIA <#LINE#>4/4/2015<#LINE#>11/5/2015<#LINE#>  This paper seeks to capture the shift in the technology intensity of India’s manufacturing exports in the post liberalized period. The study is based on the data extracted from UNCOMTRADE-WITS database (SITC REV-3). Further, OECD classification of manufacturing industries on technology intensity is taken into consideration. Using trade indicators (such as RCA), the analysis reveals a steady, albeit slow shift from low technology intensive exports to medium-low technology intensive exports in India. Though improvement was marked for the medium-high technology intensive exports, dominance of low technology intensive exports still persists. The major factors for the persistence of low technology intensive exports are low level of RandD in manufacturing sector, lack of skilled personnel, relatively low level of FDI and competitiveness. However, in case of high technology intensive manufacturing exports, India still lags behind. The study highlights incentivizing high technology intensive export as a concern for the policy makers. <#LINE#> @ @ Samen S., A Primer on Export Diversification: Key Concepts, Theoretical Underpinnings and Empirical Evidence, Growth and Crisis Unit World Bank Institute (2010) @No $ @ @ Lall S., The Technological Structure and Performance of Developing Country Manufactured Exports, 1985-1998’, Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford, Working Paper No. 44 (2000) @No $ @ @ Mani S., Exports of High Technology Products from Developing Countries: Is it Real or a Statistical Artifact’, Discussion Paper Series, Institute for New Technologies, The United Nations University (2000) @No $ @ @ Kumar R. and A.S. Gupta., Towards A Competitive Manufacturing Sector, Working Paper No. 203, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (2008) @No $ @ @ Srholec M., High-Tech Exports From Developing Countries: A Symptom of Technology Spurts or Statistical Illusion, TIK Working Papers on Innovation Studies, Centre for Technology, Innovation and Culture (TIK), University of Oslo (2005) @No $ @ @ Mayer J., A. Butkevicius A. Kadri and J. Pizarro., ‘Dynamic Products in World Exports’,  Review of World Economics, 139(4), 762-795 (2003) @No $ @ @ Planning Commission, Government of India, (2012) @No $ @ @ Economic Survey 2011–12, Ministry of Finance, Government of India @No $ @ @ OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard, (2007) @No $ @ @ Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics, Ministry of Commerce, Government of India, (2012) @No $ @ @ WITS COMTRADE Database, http://wits.worldbank.org/ wits/, (2012) @No $ @ @ World Development Indicators, World Bank, (2012) @No 
<#LINE#>WTO-GATS and the Education Sector in India<#LINE#>R.@Khurana<#LINE#>76-83<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJSS-2015-068.pdf<#LINE#> Narsee Monjee College of Commerce and Economics, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, INDIA<#LINE#>17/3/2015<#LINE#>22/4/2015<#LINE#>  Education plays a vital role in reducing inequality among nations, promoting social and economic well being, as well as furtheringreal growth. Classical economist Adam smith, as early as 1776, had emphasized the importance of human capital as a critical input for economic development. Neoclassical economists like Solow (1956) also laid emphasis on the importance of a large 'residual' factor in explaining economic growth, which he called human capital. Ricardo and other trade theorists have also identified that, in addition, to differences in physical endowments and natural resources, it is the comparative advantage in human skills which give an edge to nations in international trade. Thus, knowledge, today, is being recognized as the new engine of growth.  More and more countries are keen on developing their education sector as a tradable service. The widening of the WTO-GATS agreement to include education is seen as an important development in this context.Therefore, India has to understand the full implications of the GATS agreement in context to the educational sector, identify opportunities and competitiveness invarious sub-sectors, in a bid to chart a future strategy for negotiations under the WTO. This research article attempts to explore India’s position in this regard. <#LINE#> @ @ Smith A., An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Republished in R.H. Campbell and A.S. Skinner(eds.), Adam Smith: An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Oxford: Clarendon (1976) @No $ @ @ Solow R., A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70 (1956) @No $ @ @ Ricardo David, On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation 1817), , 135(1951) @No $ @ @ Prakash M.H., Role of knowledge and Information in promoting Sustainable Development, Int. Res. J. Social Sci., 52-55 (2013) @No $ @ @ Powar K.B., Indian higher education in a GATS-controlled regime: looking for a pathway in the haze of uncertainty, higher education policy and practices, Higher Education Policy and Practices. New Delhi: Amity Foundation for Higher Learning, 1(1-2),1-9 (2003) @No $ @ @ Planning Commission, Government of India, Draft Report of Working Group on Higher Education for the XI Plan (2007) @No $ @ @ Growth of Higher Education in India, Gaikwad B.R. and Solunke R.S., Int. Res. J. Social Sci.,2(8), 58-60 (2013) @No $ @ @ Choudhary S., Right to Education Act 2009: Letting Disadvantaged Children Down?, Int. Res. J. Social Sci.,3(i8), 1-7 (2014) @No $ @ @ Kakoli B. and Sayeed U., Educational progress in India in the Context of Out-of-School Children, International Research Journal of Social Sciences,2(5), 6-14 (2013) @No $ @ @ World Bank, Higher Education in Developing Countries: Perils and Promise, Washington D.C.: The World Bank (2000) @No $ @ @ Powar K.B., Quality in higher education, New Delhi: Anamaya Publishers (2005) @No $ @ @ Nandita D., Paradigm Shift in Teacher Education: Role played by NCTE, Int. Res. J. Social Sci., 2(4), 24-27 (2013) @No $ @ @ WTO Secretariat, Back Ground Note, Document no. S/C/W/ 49, (1998) @No $ @ @ Amer M., Combining Academic Career and Motherhood: Experiences and Challenges of Women in Academia, Int. Res. J. Social Sci.,2(4), 12-15 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sharma G.D., Trade in education service under WTO regime – an Indian response,Paper circulated at a national-level meeting on trade in education services under WTO regime, NIEPA, New Delhi (2001) @No $ @ @ Nigavekar A.S., GATS and higher education: what is at stake for India, Paper circulated at a national-level meeting on Trade in education services under WTO regime, NIEPA, New Delhi (2001) @No $ @ @ Pramanik R., Changing Perspective of Higher Education in the 21st Century, Int. Res. J. Social Sci.,3(5), 32-35(2014) @No 
<#LINE#>Reciprocity, Exchange and Social Solidarity<#LINE#>Meera@Swain,Chandan Kumar@Das <#LINE#>84-88<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJSS-2015-098.pdf<#LINE#> Centre for Anthropological Studies, Central University of Orissa, Koraput-764020, INDIA<#LINE#>11/4/2015<#LINE#>30/4/2015<#LINE#>  The present review represents the traditional type of exchange system which was found in all over the world has a great effective assessment of the present monetary economic condition which was led by primitive sections of exchange of goods and services (barter system) .The vulnerable kind of reciprocity of traditional society is stand behind the modern aesthetics of trade relationships among worldwide countries and also the intra-specific relations of nation itself. Also the patterns of reciprocity (generalized, balanced and negative) play a pivotal role in the day to day life of the common man which was nothing but the reflections of traditional reciprocity. Reciprocity, exchange system and aspects of ceremony was the backbone of primitive life which remarkably bifurcated to the social, moral, ethical aspects of modernity through developmental stages and space of time. The collective endeavor of the above systems give rise to a new conceptualize pattern of solidarity; the feeling of togetherness and brotherhood. The social solidarity in the developmental stages brings out many changing and reforming aspects for the procurement of new dawn which inculcates the modern power structure, economic development, norms and obligations by virtue of traditional system and techniques so far. This review signifies how the traditional system of primitive society reflects in the modern elite world and its modern compatibility. <#LINE#> @ @ Malinowski Brownislaw, Argonauts of the western pacific (2005) @No $ @ @ Nanda Serena and Warns Richard L., Cultural Anthropology, 175-202 (2007) @No $ @ @ Dey Sukesh, Explaning the meaning of Kula.(preserve articles) http://www.preservearticles.com/explain-the-meaning-of-the-kula-ring-and-discuss-its-functions-among-the-argonauts-of-the-western-pacific.html(2015) @No $ @ @ Agarwal Ashish, What is the exchange system found in modern societies? (preserve articles) http://www. preservearticles.com/201107048799/what-are-the-system-of-exchange-found-in-modern-societies.html (2015) @No $ @ @ Komter Aafke E., Social Solidarity and The Gift, 1-12, 169-188 (2005) @No $ @ @ Mair Lucy, Introduction to Social Anthropology, 179-193 http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/35964/8/final%20bibliography.pdf  (2015) @No $ @ @ Eller Jack David, Cultural Anthropology: Global Forces, Local Lives (2009) @No 
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>A Review of Socio-Economic and Demographic Ageing Literature with special thrust on North-East Indian Studies<#LINE#>Anita@Baruwa<#LINE#>89-98<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJSS-2015-032.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Economics, D.H.S.K. Commerce College, Dibrugarh, Assam, INDIA<#LINE#>2/2/2015<#LINE#>5/3/2015<#LINE#>  Demographic research has developed as an important area of interdisciplinary study within the ambit of social gerontology in the context of an ever graying world population. Literature review was conducted to find out the areas of concern within the emerging issues in the process of ageing, know the various sources of data and methodologies applied in the various studies and identify the research gaps and areas for future research. There has been a vast growth of literature on ageing trends, patterns, socio-economic and demographic profiles of the elderly. Cross-sectional studies on specific aspects of the elderly have been done based on sample studies. However, longitudinal cohort studies with in-depth analysis of the different strata within the elderly need to receive specific attention on a multidisciplinary level by adopting a holistic approach to population ageing. <#LINE#> @ @ Rajan S.I., Mishra U.S. and Sarma P.S., India’s elderly: Burden or challenge? New Delhi: Sage Publications (1999) @No $ @ @ Martin L. and Preston S., Demography of aging,National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A., 3 (1994) @No $ @ @ Rath, S.P., Das, B., Puthan, P., Sharma, A.K. and Nair, L., Demography of India: The Dynamics and Differences – A Reflective Study of Census 2011, International Journal of Research in Commerce, Economics and Management, Vol. No. , Issue No. October (2011) @No $ @ @ Dlugosz Z., The level and dynamics of population ageing process on the example of demographic situation in Europe, Bulletin of Geography, Socio-Economic Series No., Pedagogical University in Cracow (2003) @No $ @ @ Gavrilov L.A. and Heuveline P., Aging of population, in Paul Demeny and Geoffrey McNicoll (Eds.), The Encyclopedia of Population, New York: Macmillan Reference USA (2003) @No $ @ @ Weil D.N., Population aging, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 12147, retrieved from http://www.nber.org/papers/w12147.pdf on 05.10.14 (2006) @No $ @ @ Menon J. and A.M. Nakamura, A.M., Aging in Asia: Trends, impacts and responses, ADB Working Paper Series on Regional Economic Integration,25, (2009) @No $ @ @ Horioka, C.Y., The (dis)saving behavior of the aged in Japan, Working Paper 15601, National Bureau of Economic Research. Cambridge, December (2009) @No $ @ @ Chan Yin Fah B., Living standard, living level and economic wellbeing of older persons: Similarity and differences in measuring these concepts. Canadian Social Science,6(5), 145-150 (2010) @No $ @ @ Visaria P., Demographics of aging in India: An abstract. Invest India Foundation paper, accessed at http://www.iief.com/paper/pravinvisaria.pdf on 23.5.11 and http://kapz77.tripod.com/paper.htm on 05.10.14 (1998) @No $ @ @ Prakash I.J., Ageing in India prepared for World Health Organisation (1999) @No $ @ @ Rajan S.I., Mishra U.S. and Sarma P.S., India’s elderly: Burden or challenge? New Delhi: Sage Publications (1999) @No $ @ @ Das N.P. and Shah U., The social and health status of the elderly in India: Evidence from recent national level data, Special Report, Centre for the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, December (2001) @No $ @ @ Arokiasamy P., Bloom D., Lee J., Feeney K. and Ozolins M., Longitudinal aging study in India: Vision, design, implementation and preliminary findings,in James P. Smith and Malay Majmundar (Eds.), Aging in Asia: Findings from new and emerging data initiatives, The National Academies Press, 36-74 (2012) @No $ @ @ Saha P., Elderly Population of Tripura, in B. Datta Ray (Ed.), Agenda for North East India, New Delhi: Concept Publishing Co., 165-171 (2002) @No $ @ @ Sarmah C., Social and psychological aspects of problems of the elderly: A case study in Guwahati, Assam, Working Paper 02, Omeo Kumar Das Institute of Social Change and Development, Guwahati, Assam (2004) @No $ @ @ Thangchungnunga, Social and economic status of elderly persons in Mizo society, in Lianzela Vanlalchhawna (Eds.), Ageing in North East India Vol., New Delhi: Akansha Publishing House, 39-47 (2007) @No $ @ @ Thanseia, Ageing gracefully: Role and activities of Mizoram Upa Pawl, in Lianzela Vanlalchhawna (Eds.), Ageing in North East India Vol.New Delhi: Akansha Publishing House, 48-59 (2007) @No $ @ @ Vanlalchhawna, Magnitude and growth of elderly population in Mizoram, n Lianzela Vanlalchhawna (Eds.), Ageing in North East India Vol., New Delhi: Akansha Publishing House, 19-38 (2007) @No $ @ @ Chakraborty, A. 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@Case Study
<#LINE#>Socio-Economic Profile of SHGS on Women Empoewrment: Case Study of three SHGS in Sambalpur District of Odisha, India<#LINE#>Umakanta@Tripathy<#LINE#>99-108<#LINE#>15.ISCA-IRJSS-2015-014 CS.pdf<#LINE#> Government College (Autonomus), Angul, Odisha, 759143, INDIA<#LINE#>11/1/2015<#LINE#>5/4/2015<#LINE#>  The concept of Self Help Group (SHG) has developed from the poverty initiatives. Self help groups bring together people with common experiences. Many people find that self help groups are invaluable resource groups for empowerment. The Self Help generally refers to groups that involve people who have similar needs and are operated on informal and non-profit basis. SHG are affinity groups of rural poor voluntary formed to save and mutually agree to contribute to a common fund to enable the lending of small interest-bearing loans to their members. The study has been selected from three different SHGs of Sambalpur districts of Odisha. For convenience, the paper has four sections. The first section deals with the role of SHGs and the development of rural economy. The second section deals in impact of SHG based microfinance on women empowerment. The third section deals with socioeconomic profile of SHGs and women empowerment and the final section deals with summary and conclusion. <#LINE#> @ @ Puhazehendi V. and Satyaasai K.J.S, Economic and Social Empowerment of Rural Poor Through Self Help Groups, Indian Journal of Agriculture Economics, Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, Mumbai, India, 56(3),  (2001) @No $ @ @ E.A Prameswara Gupta, Syed Rabmahulla and S.L.shankar, Impact of microfinance: A critical analysis, Southern Economist,48(18), 29-38, (2010) @No $ @ @ Chatterjee A., Banks-Quo Vadis, Kurukshetra, 58, 26-30, (2009) @No $ @ @ Dadhich, C.L., Micro Finance-A Panacea for Poverty Alleviation: A Case Study of Oriental Grameen Project in India, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics,56(3),419-426, (2001) @No $ @ @ Shah M., Rao R. and Shankar P.S.V., Rural Credit in 20thCentury India: Overview of History and Perspectives, Economic and Political Weekly,42(15), 1351-1364, (2007) @No $ @ @ Thakur R.N., Rural Women Empowerment in India, Kanishka Publishers, New Delhi, (2009) @No $ @ @ Lipi, Women Empowerment: Globalization and Opportunities in Empowerment of Rural Women in India, Kanishka Publishers, New Delhi, (2009) @No $ @ @ Ahlin C. and N. Jiang, Can Micro-credit Bring Development? Journal of Development Economics,86(1),1-21, (2008) @No $ @ @ Madheswaran S. and Dharmadhikary A., Empowering Rural women Through Self Help Groups: Lessons from Maharashtra Rural Credit Project, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 56(3), 427-433, (2001) @No $ @ @ Nelasco S. and Antorozarina J., Rural women empowerment through Self Help Groups in Empowerment of Rural Women in India,  Kanishka Publishers, New Delhi, (2009) @No $ @ @ Rath N., Garibi Hatao: Can IRDP Do It? Economic and Political Weekly, Sameeksha Trust Publication, Mumbai, India, 20(6),(1985) @No