International Research Journal of Social Sciences______________________________________ ISSN 2319–3565Vol. 4(5), 31-36, May (2015) Int. Res. J. Social Sci. International Science Congress Association 31 Dynamic Concept of Coastal Agricultural Landuse and Agricultural Resources - A Case study at Egra Block-I and Egra Block-II, Purba Medinipur, WB, India Chandan Karan, Shashi Bhushan and Manojit MondalGeography Department, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, INDIA Geography Department, K.O. College, Ranchi, Jharkhand, INDIA Available online at: www.isca.in Received 18th February 2015, revised 21th April 2015, accepted 8th May 2015 Abstract Resource is the most dynamic in nature. Geographical paradoxes of nature and human needs base resource function ability are the most significant parameter for resource dynamic. In this concept agricultural resource are the important and demandable primary economic activity for economic development. The primary economic activity base agricultural resource and agricultural land use are continuous dynamic through time by time. Some physical parameter and socio-economic parameter are determine for dynamic change of agricultural resource and agricultural land use. In study area, Egra block-I, Egra block-II of Purba Medinipur (W.B.) as a coastal area where the agriculture and agricultural land use practice rapidly change day by day. Mainly food crops field are highly converted and dynamic change in to commercial crops field . Some geomorphic determinism and socio economic determinism are the main force full factor for this resource dynamic change. Keywords: Resources, Dynamic concept, Agriculture resources, Agricultural land use, Geomorphic Determinism, Socio-economic change, Resource dynamic.Introduction Resource creation process is dynamic in nature. Resource based land use are the most highly dynamic nature. Human needs base resource functionability and physical parameter base resource possibilities are the most significant parameter for resource dynamics in coastal area. Three most important factors are nature, culture and man interaction for resource creating and dynamic through day by day. Paradoxes of nature and geographical distribution of natural endowments are the related with geomorphic determinisum on a particular area. Other side man-culture base resource production, use and management are the most dominant parameter for resource creation, also resource dynamic. In this concept agricultural resource is the important and demandable primary economic activity. The primary economic activity base agricultural resource and agricultural land use are continuous dynamic in study area. Egra block-I, Egra block-II of Purba Medinipur (W.B.) as a coastal area where the agriculture and agricultural land use practice rapidly change day by day. Mainly food crops are highly converted and dynamic change into commercial crops.The study area: Egra block Iand Egra block II of Purba Medinipur,W.B are located on latitudinal extension 21°30’25’’N-21°45’N and longitudinal extension 86°45’E-87°45’E. Geomorphologically this area located in a part of ’Digha –Kanthi’ coastal plain, that which lower part of coastal tract in West Bengal. On the other hand this study area situated under the ‘Dubda basin’ at lower part of Rasulpur river. Coastal alluvial and older alluvial plain covered with allover the study area during the Quaternary period of geological time scale, Geomorphic process base sandy ,and sandy-loamy soil are formed due to long term of weathering, erosion and depositional process on during time. Egra block I consistence of 8 rural gram- pachayats and Egra block II consistence of 8 rural gram- pachayats. Total geographical study area is 40106.1sq Hector. (Figure-1). Problems to be investigated: i.Geomorphic terrain base flood effected problem and its impact on agricultural land use and agricultural resource. ii. Changing land use pattern due to geomorphic pedological aspect on study area. iii. Food crops base agricultural field rapidly change into commercial crops field on study area. iv. Socio economic changes on study area. Objective of study area: i. To study the geomorphology and geomorphic aspect of study area. ii. To study the land use pattern of study area. iii. To study the agricultural resource production on study area. iv. To study the geomorphic determinism of agricultural practice on study area. v. To study the dynamic changing pattern of agricultural resource production for development. vi. To the study dynamic change of agricultural land use base problem. vii. To study the planning aspect on study area. International Research Journal of Social Sciences__ Vol. 4(5), 31-36, May (2015) International Science Congress Association Location o Methodology In the present research work including with geomorph analysis. Geomorphic terrain, slope base drainage alignment, soil structural- textural characteristics e.t.c. analysed into qualitative and quantitative approach .Literature survey, census survey, climatic data study topographical map study and administrative map- data study along with pre field work. Field work related with intensive field survey along with physical and socio- economic parameter base land use survey and perception Sciences__ ______________________________________ ____________ Association Figure-1 Location o f the Study area (Egra block-l, Egra block-ll) In the present research work including with geomorph ic slope base drainage alignment, textural characteristics e.t.c. analysed into qualitative and quantitative approach .Literature survey, census survey, climatic data study topographical map study and data study along with pre field work. Field work related with intensive field survey along with physical and economic parameter base land use survey and perception survey on study area. Post field work related with geographic techniques base measurement and analysis through qualitative and quantitative approach. Geomorphology and Geomorphic Aspect On Study Area Geomorphologic ally the study area cover with Purba Medinipur coastal tract. Coastal alluvial and older alluvial base sandy sandy loamy soil are occupied this area. 75% area are cover and determine by ‘Dubda basin’. Surface elevation refer the 0m to 10m above the mean sea level ____________ ISSN 2319–3565 Int. Res. J. Social Sci. 32 survey on study area. Post field work related with geographic techniques base measurement and analysis through qualitative Geomorphic Aspect On Study Area : the study area cover with Purba Medinipur coastal tract. Coastal alluvial and older alluvial base sandy and sandy loamy soil are occupied this area. 75% area are cover and Surface elevation refer the 0m to 10m above the mean sea level and Gentle slope (�10°) International Research Journal of Social Sciences____________________________________________________ISSN 2319–3565Vol. 4(5), 31-36, May (2015) Int. Res. J. Social Sci.International Science Congress Association 33 formation is the most important parameter of this area. Other hand seasonal flooding are occupied this region. So Egra Block-I and Block-II geographical area’s terrain morphology is determine by coastal morphology and coastal base seasonal flooding. Agriculture are the most common economic activity of this area’s population, but this agriculture base resource and agricultural land use are mostly seasonal determine .so man have change his agricultural practice, that effect agricultural land and agriculture resource dynamic3,4. Resource Base Agriculture And Land Use Study: Egra block-I and block-II are the coastal base resource producing area, where coastal alluvial and older alluvial land occupied by sandy ,sandy loamy and loamy soil cover. Total geographic region are mostly cover with agriculture related economic activity. Food crop, commercial crop , plantation crop, horticultural crop and water base aqua culture are placed of this region (Figure 2). But recent trends of agriculture base resource are dynamic change of food crop to commercial crop. Because geographic terrain, seasonal flood and soil textural composition are not favorable for food crop (rice) agriculture. So habitat people are rapidly change (dynamic change) of his agricultural practice (table-1 and table-2) .This effect food crop field are dynamic change to commercial crop (Groundnut, Mustard oil seeds, Til e.t.c.) Dynamic Change of Agricultural Resource Production: Recent and previous statistics of agricultural resource are shown that year and hector wise food crop production are reduced but commercial food crop production are increase. So rapidly changed of agricultural resource practice and production. It say that a farmer are not satisfied of food crop (rice) cultivation than the commercial crop (Groundnut, Mustered oil seeds, Till etc.) cultivation (Table-4). As a background some geomorphic determinisum, seasonal flood, Not favorable soil textural composition of the study area. Push factor (Reduction of food crop cultivation) and pull factor (increases of commercial crop cultivation) are showing bellow (Table-3)7,8. Table-1 General land use and cropping pattern in study area-(Block-l) 2011-12 JL NO. Gram Panchayat/ Municipality Geographical Area in Hector Net Cropped area(hector) Agricultural resource and Land Situation (area in hector) Plantation and Horticulture Commercial crop area Food crop area Aqua culture and others 1 Barida 2856.8 2273.2 223.2 1676.0 302 72 2 Kosba Egra 784.0 477.6 0.6 347.0 125.0 25 3 Chhatri 2611.6 2206.0 66.0 487.0 1332.5 320.5 4 Jerthan 2677.6 1939.6 66.0 1642.2 189.6 41.2 5 Panchrole 2447.2 1955.2 110.2 1215.0 399.0 231 6 Sahara 2666.8 1860.0 63.0 1265.0 350.3 181.7 7 Rishi bankim chandra 2652.4 2085.2 80.2 1301.0 382.9 321.1 8 Jumki 2871.2 2293.2 37.2 1041.0 1054 161 9 Egra Municipility 1911.6 1160.4 3.4 921.8 205.9 29.3 Source: Office of Asst. Director of Agriculture, Egra Block-l, Purba medinipur. Table -2 General land use and cropping pattern in study area-(Block-ll) 2011-12 SL NO Name of G.P Geographical area(hector) Net crop area(hector) Agricultural resource and Land Situation (area in hector) Plantation and Horticulture Commercial crop area Food crop area Aqua culture and others 1 Deshbondhu 2354.44 2215.67 319.5 831.6 939.7 124.87 2 Bathuary 2964 2258.71 271.6 753.7 1012.7 220.7 3 Vivekananda 2361.69 2143.90 166.5 910.5 996.5 70.4 4 Manjushree 2453.25 2317.22 115.0 1074.7 994.5 133.02 5 Paniparul 2579.75 2361.59 310.2 918.9 1075.7 56.79 6 Dubda 3129.34 2680.76 313.7 826.8 996.5 543.76 7 Sarbodaya 1356.00 1242.63 80.2 449.7 632.7 80.03 8 Basudev pur 1428.43 1398.84 91.8 539.5 710.7 56.84 Source: Office of Asst. Director of Agriculture, Egra Block-ll, Purba medinipur. International Research Journal of Social Sciences____________________________________________________ISSN 2319–3565Vol. 4(5), 31-36, May (2015) Int. Res. J. Social Sci.International Science Congress Association 34 Push factor (Reduction of food crop cultivation): Seasonal flood, Sandy soil coverage, Low rate of production, High rate of labour involved, Labour cost high, Decreasing Marketing rate of Rice paddy, Problem of mechanization and equipment, Not accessibility of road for crop plants carries, Increasing of transport cost (heavy materials), Not support of agricultural lone, Insurance store rooms e.t.c, Extensive time involved, lake of labour input, Hige cost of Fertilizer, seeds and pesticide. E.t.c. Pull factors (increases of commercial crop cultivation):Favorable season of winter for commercial cultivation, Sandy and loamy soil coverage, High rate of production, Few rate of labour involved, Favorable condition for short term of mechanization and equipment, Only collected grain carry, Not heavy materials, Short time involved crop cultivation, Small level use of fertilizer, seeds and pesticide, Favorable for income level, Market price rate is high, No needed for storage of crops, Economic benefited than the food crops, Directly and indirectly maximum no. of employment person on commercial crop, Low level risk of commercial crop than the food crops cultivation9,10Table-3 Comparative study of Food crop cultivation (Rice paddy) and Commercial crop cultivation(Groundnut): Food crop cultivation(Rice paddy) in 1Acre Commercial crop cultivation(Groundnut) in 1Acre Cultivated related expenditure (in 1 Acer) Amount Rupees Cultivated related expenditure (in 1 Acer) Amount Rupees Seeds of rice paddy 35kg 1200 Seeds of Ground nut paddy 55kg 5500 1st Drilling process for transplantation 100 Drilling process 1200 Transplantation process 250 Fertilizer(N.P.K) 50kg 1100 Fertilizer(N.P.K) 11kg 250 Micro nutrient 5kg 180 pesticide(Saff,Upl comp.) 80 Fertilizer(patus) 23kg 500 2nd Drilling process for plantation 900 Herbicide (Pendimithile) 1.5liter 600 Fertilizer(N.P.K) apply on Drilling time 30 kg 600 1st Spray-Carbandisum and Herbicide 250g 300ml 140 80 Herbicide (Pendimithile) 500 ml 100 Fertilizer(N.P.K) apply for plant growth 20kg 400 Fertilizer(N.P.K) apply for plant growth 30kg 700 1st Spray-Carbandisum and Herbicide 300 g 300ml 150 150 2nd Spray-Carbandisumand Herbicide 250g 300ml 140 150 2nd Spray-Hexagonan and Herbicide 300ml 300g 150 150 Micro nutrient 5kg 180 2nd Fertilizer(N.P.K) apply for plant growth 14kg 300 3rd Spray-Boron and Hexaconazole 30g 300ml 70 100 3rd Spray(Tricyclolijol-Beam) 150g 180 4th Spray-Assataf, Carbandisum and Hexaconazole 300g 300g 300g 150 140 130 4th Spray(Acifate-Conifidor) 100ml 400 Thaimate 8kg 450 Labour 45person 9000 Labour 40parson 8000 Water 6000 Water 4000 TOTAL 20360 TOTAL 23510 PRODUCTION andMARKET VALUE(1000/1Quental) 25-28Quental 25000-28000 Production and Market Value (3500/1Quental) 20-25Quental 70000-87500 PROFIT 4640-7640 PROFIT 45000-50000 Source: A.D.A office survey, perception survey and field survey. International Research Journal of Social Sciences____________________________________________________ISSN 2319–3565Vol. 4(5), 31-36, May (2015) Int. Res. J. Social Sci.International Science Congress Association 35 Table-4 Status of Dynamic Change of Agricultural Resource Production 2008-2012: Year Study area Net cultivated area in Hector Agricultural landuse and Agricultural Resource Production(in metric tons) Food crops Commercial crops Plantation crops Horticultural product Aquaculture and other product 2007-2008 Egra block-I and block-II 33140.42 28.60 21.20 1.60 142 1.20 2008-2009 32900.43 29.20 29.20 1.20 1.60 1 2009-2010 32859.76 27.20 19.50 1.92 1.82 0.25 2010-2011 32861.72 24.50 28.20 2.60 1.22 0.50 2011-2012 32854.36 19.40 36.60 1.80 1.60 0.62 Source: A.D.A office survey ,perception survey and field survey Figure-2 Status of Dynamic Change of Agricultural Resource Production in 2008-2012 at study area Egra block-ll and block-ll Table-5 Flood as a geomorphic determinism on agricultural land use base resource dynamic change: Year Net cultivated area in Hector Agricultural resource and land use effected area in percectage Boro cultivation(March-June) Aush cultivation(July-Oct.) Aman cultivation (Nov. -Feb.) 2007-2008 33140.42 - 40-50 50-60 2008-2009 32900.43 - 20-30 - 2009-2010 32859.76 5-10 20-25 20-25 2010-2011 32861.72 10-15 20-25 20-30 2011-2012 32854.36 - 30-40 10-20 Source: District data base survey, perception survey and field survey Table-6 Seasonal Rainfall data Shown on study area Rain fall (Season) Normal rain fall (mm) WS monsoon (June-Sep) 1238.6 NE monsoon (Oct- Dec) 288.2 Winter (Jan-March) 73.9 Summer (April-May) 145.9 Source: Official data base west Bengal Agriculture Contingency Plan for District survey, perception survey and field survey 101520253035402007-20082008-20092009-20102010-20112011-2012Production in metric toneYearDynamic change of agricultural production in metric tone of Study area in 2008 -2012 Food crops Commercial crops International Research Journal of Social Sciences____________________________________________________ISSN 2319–3565Vol. 4(5), 31-36, May (2015) Int. Res. J. Social Sci.International Science Congress Association 36 Table-7 Pedological Determinism on Agricultural Land use Base Resource Dynamic Change Study area Soil Type(textural composition) Pore space Water Holding Capacity Favorable for rice cultivated area Favorable for Ground nut Cultivated area Sandy soil Sandy loamy soil Loamy soil Egra block -I 20%-30% 40%-%50% 30%-40% 50% Low to Medium 30%-40% 60%-80% Egra block -II 30%-40% 40%-%50% 20%-30% 40% Low to Medium 20%-30% 50%-60% Source: perception survey and field survey and Departmental laboratory study. Dynamic Change Related Impact Base problem: Some physical and Socio-economical determinisum and possibilities are the vital key of dynamic nature of coastal agricultural resource.Some important negative impact create due to dynamic change related problem, these are- 1.Food crop crisis 2. Land use, agricultural practice and socio cultural habit change 3. Death for snake attack .4. Monkey effect problem. Conclusion From the above analysis is clear that the dynamic change of agricultural landuse and agricultural resource. So various type of problem arise of this study area, that which shown above points. Firstly, some recommendation for food crop crisis. It is large scale problem for primary needs as a food. This problem recommended by the following point of planning and suggestion 1.To do the seasonal base cultivation work food crop and commercial crop cultivation through the modern techniques apply. 2. High yielding crop cultivation apply.3.March-Jun month avoid base food crop cultivation apply.4. Protection of flooding effect on agricultural activity.5. Management program for flood problem on agricultural landuse and agricultural resource. Secondly, as a problem of socio-cultural habit changes. So some recommendation for social stability, that is –To do the motivated of cultivators (farmer) for various type of food crop related commercial activity on crop relaxseason time, as a example of 1.Commercially rice to rice pappy processing. 2. Rice paddy to fry-rice process. 3. Rice paddy to flattened and friend rice processing. Thirdly, the problem is snake attack and death of human society. As a commercial crop field is highly covered with jangle environment, so various type of poisonous snake are habited in this field and effect on human society. So some recommendation for this effect- 1. Strictly consciousness 2. Protective dress use on field 3. Highly techniques apply on commercial crop field.4. Protective medicine supply for diagnosis. Forth, the some recommendation for Monkey effect problem of this study area, these are- 1. Strictly consciousness and controlling act for monkey effect.2. Crop rotation and crop cultivation change year by year (seasonal). Lastly, allover convince and inform of all agriculture engaged people for the equal approach apply on food crop cultivation and commercial crop cultivation. References 1.Ahmad E., Bihar, A physical Economic and Regional Geography, Catholic Press, Ranchi, 7-10 (1965)2.Mitchell C., Terrain Evaluation - Longman, London, 1625 (1973)3.Prasad A., (The physical landscapes of chotanagpur: A study in regional physiography, Geographical outlook,4,41-61 (1965) 4.Pascoe E., A manual of the geology of India and Burma, 3rd Edition, 64-67 (1950)5.Scheidegger, A.E.: Mathematical Model of slope development, Bull. Geol. Sac. Am.72, 37-50 (1981)6.Singh R.P., Geomophological evolution of Chotanagpur High lands, 42-71(1958)7.Satpathi D.D.P., Geomorphology of Singhbhum, D. Litt. Thesis Ranchi Univ. Ranchi. (1973)8.De. N.K. and Jena, N.C. 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