@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Attitude of Parents of Mild and Moderate Intellectually Challenged Children towards Imparting Sexual Health Education<#LINE#>VenkatLakshmi@H.,S.@Navya<#LINE#>1-5<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJSS-2013-134.pdf<#LINE#> Dept. of Human Development and Research Centre, Smt VHD Central Institute of Home Science, Seshadri Road, Bangalore-560 001, INDIA<#LINE#>27/8/2013<#LINE#>23/9/2013<#LINE#>  Attitude plays a significant role in influencing the parents of ICC, towards imparting sexual health education, as it is considered as a social taboo. Further the negative influence in the attitude of the parents is due to the fact that intellectually challenged children are asexual in nature. Awareness in the form of intervention programme can bring about a paradigm shift in the attitude of the parents of mild and moderate intellectually challenged children. Hence an attempt has been made in the present study to assess the attitude of the parents of mild and moderate intellectually challenged children towards imparting sexual health education. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. Self structured tool formulated by the investigator was used to collect the data from the parents. A total of 600 sample, 300 fathers and 300 mothers of intellectually challenged children aged between 09-17 years were selected for the present study. They were further subdivided into experimental group and control group [Experimental group comprising of 150 fathers and 150 mothers and Control group comprising of 150 fathers and 150 mothers]. One hundred and fifty nine parents were identified for the intervention programme from experimental group. A total of 75 fathers (45 of them with mild ICC and 30 fathers of moderate ICC), a total of 84 mothers (48 mothers of mild ICC and 36 with moderate ICC). Descriptive statistical analysis has been carried out for the present study. Pre-assessment data revealed that parents of both control and experimental group have negative attitude towards imparting sexual health education to their mild and moderate intellectually challenged children. The Post-assessment data revealed that parents of experimental group who received comprehensive intervention program had developed positive attitude towards imparting sexual health education when compared to control group. The study highlights the fact that since parents are the primary educators of their intellectually challenged children they must be prepared to educate their children on Sexual health education. Further there is a need to educate the parents on the pivotal role of sexual health education, so as to develop a positive attitude towards imparting sexual health education, to protect their children from becoming victim of sexual abuse and to support their intellectually challenged children to develop a social identity. <#LINE#> @ @ Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States (SIECUS) fact sheet: Issues and answers: Fact sheet on sexuality education, SIECUS Report, 29(6),(2001) @No $ @ @ United Nations, Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities, New York: United Nations General Assembly, (2006) @No $ @ @  Siddiqi SU., Van Dyke DC. and Donohoue P., Premature sexual development in individuals with neurodevelopment disabilities, Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 41, 392–395(1999) @No $ @ @ Shah P., Norlin C., Logsdon V. and Samson-Fang L., Gynecological care for adolescents with disabilities: physician comfort, perceived barriers, and potential solutions. Journal of Pediatric Adolescent Gynecology, 18(2), 101-104 (2005) @No $ @ @ National Information Center for Children and Youth with Disabilities Sexual exploitation, NICHCY News Digest, 1(3), 22 (1992) @No $ @ @ Robie H. Harris., Start Early, and Definitely Before Puberty, (2013) @No $ @ @ , www.nytimes.com/roomforde  @No $ @ @  Davis S.L., Koblinsky S.A. and Sugawara A.I., Evaluation of sex education program for parents of young children, Journal of Sex Education and Therapy, 12, 32-36 (1986) @No $ @ @  McKay, A., Rural parents’ attitudes toward school-based sexual health education, Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 5, 15-23 (1996) @No $ @ @ Tsutsumi, Angela aparecida, Sexual health and behavior of mentally retarded pupils in Japan. Department of pharmacology, Educational Review, 6(10), (2009) @No $ @ @ Gardner N.E.S., “Sexuality,” in J.A. Summers, ed., The Right to Grow Up: An Introduction to Adults with Developmental Disabilities (Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes), 45-66 (1986) @No $ @ @ Begab M.J., Adapting Techniques for the Mentally Retarded, in M. Schreiber, ed., Social Work and Mental Retardation (New York: John Day Company), 332-45 (1970) @No $ @ @  Sari H., An Analysis of Turkish Parents’ Attitudes Towards Sexual Education of Students with Mentally Handicapped, Selcuk University, Egitim Fakultesi, Meram. Konya. 42090, (2005) TURKEY hakansari  hotmail.com @No $ @ @ Pownall J.D., Jahoda A., Hastings R. and Kerr L., Sexual Understanding and Development of Young People with Intellectual Disabilities: Mothers’ Perspectives, American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (2010) @No $ @ @ Coren C., Teenagers with mental disability lack reproductive education and knowledge: still many have sex, Digest: Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 35(4), 187–195 (2003) @No $ @ @ Garbutt R., Sex and Relationships for People with Learning Disabilities: A Challenge for Parents and Professionals, Mental Health and Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 5, 266-277 (2008) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>Characterization and Water Productivity of Irrigated Farms At Project Site Fateh Jang: A Case Study<#LINE#>MuhammadNisar@Khan,Hassnain@Shah,Ali@Akhtar,Abassi@SaqibShakeel<#LINE#>6-12<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJSS-2013-152.pdf<#LINE#> Social Sciences Research institute, (NARC), Islamabad, PAKISTAN<#LINE#>2/10/2013<#LINE#>27/10/2013<#LINE#>  This study was conducted to evaluate the achievable ranges of water productivity for wheat, sorghum, maize, turnip, radish and methi of irrigated farms around project site in tehsil Fatehjang of Punjab-Pakistan. The results of the study show that agriculture and livestock played an imperative role as a main source of income of the respondents. The major crops grown in rabi and kharif on small and large scale were wheat, maize, sorghum, chilies, radish, turnip, onion, cucumber etc. It was assessed that water productivity at the field of farmers were low and this was due to over irrigation and no proper idea of exact irrigation timing and knowledge about high efficiency irrigation system. The average yields for wheat, sorghum, maize, turnip, radish and methi were found to be 2,832, 277, 1888, 18476, 18226 and 3359 kg/ha respectively. Whereas the average water productivities were 0.46, 0.22, 0.31, 1.91, 1.88 and 0.34 kg/m respectively. The comparative analysis of the water productivity indicates that sorghum has the lowest water productivity followed by the maize and methi while turnip has the highest water productivity followed by the radish and wheat. There is enormous gap in water productivity of most crops between the highest and the lowest productive farmers. Hence, there is an immense capacity to increase the water productivity by adopting proper parameter of water and non-water inputs up to assured levels without compromising on the yield.  <#LINE#> @ @ USAID. Pakistan’s Food and Agriculture Systems. This publication was produced by Nathan Associates Inc. for review by the United States Agency for International Development. www.nathaninc.com (2009) @No $ @ @ Government of Pakistan. Ten year perspective development plan 2001-11 and three year development program 2001-2004, Planning Commission, Govt. of Pakistan (2001) @No $ @ @ Cai X. and M. Rosegrant, World water productivity: current situation and future options, In: J.W. Kijne, R. Barker and D. Molden (eds.), Water productivity in agriculture: limits and opportunities for improvement. CABI, Oxford, 163-178 (2003) @No $ @ @ Molden D., Oweis T., Steduto P., Bindraban P., Hanjra M. and Kijne J.W., Improving water productivity: between optimism and pessimism., Agri. Water Management (in print) (2009) @No $ @ @ Condon A.G., Richards R.A., Rebetzke G.J. and Farquhar G.D., Breeding for high water-use efficiency. Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Journal of Experimental Botany, 55, 407 (2004) @No $ @ @ Molden D., Frenken K., Barker R., de Fraiture C., Mati B., Svendsen M., Sadoff C. and Finlayson C.M., Trends in water and agricultural development. In: Molden, D. (Ed.), Water for food, water for life: Acomprehensive assessment of water management in agriculture. London: Earth scan, 57-89 (2007) @No $ @ @ De Fraiture C., Giordano M., Liao. Y. Biofuels and implications for agricultural water use: blue impacts of green energy. Water Pol. 10 Suppl., 10, 67-81(2008) @No $ @ @ Hamdy A, Ragab R., Scarascia-Mugnozza E. Coping with water scarcity: water saving and increasing water productivity. Irrigation and Drainage, 52, 3–20 (2003) @No $ @ @ Thabo Cecil Rasiuba. Water budget, water use efficiency in agriculture in olifants catchment. A research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering (2007) @No $ @ @ Xi-Ping Deng, Lun Shan, Heping Zhang and Neil C. Turner. Improving Agricultural Water Use Efficiency in Arid and Semi-arid Areas of China. Proceedings of the 4th International Crop Science Congress, Brisbane, Australia. Published on CDROM. www.cropscience.org.au (2004) @No $ @ @ FAO. Coping with water scarcity (Challenge of the twenty-first century) www.worldwaterday07.org(2007) @No $ @ @ Raza A., Khanzada S. D., Ahmad S. and Afzal. M., Improving Water Use Efficiency for Wheat Production in Pakistan. Nuclear Institute of Agriculture, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan. Pak. J. Agri., Agril. Engg., Vet. Sci., 28 (1), 27-39 (2012) @No $ @ @ ESCWA, ICARDA. Enhancing agricultural productivity through on-farm water-use efficiency: an empirical case study of wheat production in Iraq, United Nations New York(2003) @No $ @ @ Dinar A., The Potential Economy Context of Water-Pricing Reforms. In: P. Koundouri, P. Pashardes, T.M. Swanson, and A. Xepapadeas, The Economics of Water Management in Developing Countries (15-40)  , Edwards Elgar Publishing, Inc., UK(2003) @No $ @ @ Kijne J.W., Barker R. and Molden D., Water Productivity in Agriculture: Limits and Opportunities for Improvement. CAB International, Wallingford UK (2003) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>Factors Associated with Depression among Women<#LINE#>Pelonomi@Letshwiti-Macheng,Tirelo@Modie,Macheng@Boipono<#LINE#>13-17<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJSS-2013-159.pdf<#LINE#>Independent Consultant, DADERUSO consultancies, Gaborone, BOTSWANA  @ University of Botswana, Gaborone, BOTSWANA  @ Botswana College of Agriculture, Gaborone, BOTSWANA<#LINE#>21/10/2013<#LINE#>9/11/2013<#LINE#>  The study intended to formulate a conceptual model for understanding factors associated with depression among women from the perspective of the gender and power and Cognitive-behavioral theories. The authors reviewed empirical literature related to foundational explanations of two theories of gender power and cognitive-behavioral approaches as they relate to depression amongst women. Empirical data were reviewed, leading to the development of an integrated model for understanding and addressing depression amongst women. The model acknowledges the dominant role played by bio-chemical factors in predisposing one to depression, and contends that other intervening factors, in this case, mediator, should also be considered. It is recommended that academicians, social work practitioners, and health professional test the presented model within their respective localities.<#LINE#> @ @ Berkow R., Fletcher A.J. and Bogin R.M. (eds), Merck Manual of Medical Informationlaboratories, New York, (1997) @No $ @ @ Thoits P.A., Multiple identities and psychological wellbeing: A reformulation of the social isolation hypothesisAmerican Sociological Review, 48, 174-187(1983) @No $ @ @ World Health Organization, World Mental Health ReportGeneva, (2001) @No $ @ @ Mathers C.D. and Loncar D., Projections or global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030Medicine, 3 (ii), e442 (2006) @No $ @ @ World Health Organization., Fact sheet.int/mediacentre /factsheets/en/.retrieved December nd,2011 (2011) @No $ @ @ World Federation of Mental Health. Mental Health Report, Geneva (2009) @No $ @ @ Ministry of Finance and Development Planning, Central statistics office, The Botswana Family Health Survey, Gaborone print works. Gaborone, (2009) @No $ @ @ Seloilwe E.S. and Thupayagale-Tshweneyagae G., Community mental health care in Botswana: approaches and opportunities, International Nursing Review(2), 173–178 (2007) @No $ @ @  Gupta R., Dandu M., Packel L., Rutherford G., Leiter K.,Phaladze N., Percy-de Korte F., Iacopino V. and Weiser S.D., Depression and HIV in Botswana: A Population  Based Study on Gender-Specific Socioeconomic and  Behavioural Correlates,PLoS ONE.5(12), e14252, (2010) @No $ @ @ Connell R.W., Gender and power: Society, the person, and sexual politics. Stanford. Stanford University PressWashington DC, (1987) @No $ @ @ Nazroo J.Y., Edwards A.C. and George W.B., Gender differences in the prevalence of depression artifact, alternative disorder, biology or roles?and illness,20 (3), 312-330 (1998) @No $ @ @ Pugliesi K., Work and Well-the Psychological consequences of employment. of Health and Social Behaviour  @No $ @ @ Wingood G.M. and DiClemente R.J., Application of the theory of gender and power to examine HIVexposures, risk factors, and effective interventions for women. Health Education and Behaviour, (2000) @No $ @ @ Tang T. and Tang C.S., Gender Role InternaMultiple Roles, and Chinese Women's Mental HealthPsychology of women quarterly @No $ @ @ Afifi M., Gender differences in mental health, Medical Journal,48(5), 385-391 (2007)  @No $ @ @ Piccinelli M. and Wilkinson G., Gender differences in depression; Br J Psychiatry,177(6)  @No $ @ @ Emmons R.A. and McCullough M.E., Counting blessings versus burdens: An Experimental Investigation of Gratitude and Subjective WellJournal of Personality and Social Psychology,389 (2003) @No $ @ @ Nolen-Hoeskema S., Larson J. and Grayson C., Explaining the gender difference in depressive symptoms,Journal of Personality and Social Psychology1072 (1999) @No $ @ @ Iyer K. and Khan Z.A., Depression Recent Sci, 1(4), 79-87 (2012)  @No $ @ @  Karasek R. and Theorell T., Healthy work: stress, productivity, and the reconstruction of working life, London: Basic Books, (1990) @No $ @ @ Waghamode R.H., Desai Bhavana and KalyanDomestic Violence against Women: An AnalysisJ. Social Sci.,2(1), 34-37 2013) @No $ @ @ McGrath E., Keita G.P., Strickland B.R. and Russo N.F., Women depression: Risk factors and treatment issues: American Psychology Association(1990) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>Quality of Life among Street Vendors in Tiruchirappalli City, Tamil Nadu, India<#LINE#>R.@Karthikeyan,R.@Mangaleswaran<#LINE#>18-28<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJSS-2013-167.pdf<#LINE#>Department of social work, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, INDIA<#LINE#>28/10/2013<#LINE#>10/11/2013<#LINE#>  Informal Sector is the most important part of the workforce in India and other developing countries works. It has become a progressively more popular subject of study, not just in economics, but also in Social Work, Sociology and Anthropology. The term of “Informal Sector” was first coined by Keith Hart. There are many informal sectors in our country working for their own livelihood. The most frequently and regularly they have to work to earn their daily bread. After the implementation of Liberalisation, Privatization and Globalization there are several changes in the system and particularly with respect to the informal sectors belonging to Street Vendors. With this background, the researchers intended to study the socio-economic status and quality of life among the Street Vendors in Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu. There many Street Vendors in the heart city of Tiruchirappalli, hence the researchers used convenient sampling method to select 56 respondents for the present study and the study is descriptive in nature. The findings of the study are elaborated in the full paper.The government and non-governmental organization has to play a crucial role for the development of Street Vendors. Further few suggestions were also given to enhance their quality of work life.<#LINE#> @ @ Robert L. and Tignor., Arthur Lewis w and the ‘Birth of Development Economics’, Princeton University Press, America (2005) @No $ @ @ Sharit  K. and Bhowmi K., Hawkers and the Urban Informal Sector: A Study of Street Vending in seven cities,  National Alliance of Street Vendors of India(NASVI)  (1998) @No $ @ @ Tamil Nadu Government., Tiruchirappalli District, Retrieved November 10, 2012, from http://www.trichy.tn.nic.in/distprof.htm (2011) @No $ @ @ National Association of Street Vendors of India., definition of street vending, Retrieved October  18, 2012, from http://nasvinet.org/newsite/defining-street-vendors/ (2012) @No $ @ @ Kishor C. and Samal., Indian National Commission on Labor, Urban Informal Sector,  Manak Publication Pvt.Ltd, Jaipur (1990) @No $ @ @ The Times of India., Plan to bring together street vendors in Trichy, Retrieved January 29, 2013 from, http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-0202/madurai/36702739_1_street-vendors-terror-of-municipal-bodies-trichy (2013) @No $ @ @ WHO, Quality Of Life-BREF four dimensional scalesWorld Health Organisation press, Jeneva (2004) @No $ @ @ Aloysius B. G., Vulnerability of Urban Informal Sector: Street Vendors in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. MPRA Paper No. 12541, Indonesia (2008) @No $ @ @ Debdulal S., Conditions of ‘decent working life’ of Street Vendors in Mumbai. Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Retrieved January 22, 2013 from, http://www.ilo.org/legacy/english/protection/travail/pdf/rdwpaper27c.pdf  (2013) @No $ @ @ Surjit S., Urban Informal Sector, Institute of Development Studies, Rawat Publication, Jaipure and New Delhi (1994) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>Effects of Exposure to Mainstream Media in Changing Political Behavior and Party Affiliation a Case Study of University of Gujrat, Pakistan<#LINE#>ZahidMuhammad@Bilal,Sarah,Ali@HassanSyed<#LINE#>29-34<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJSS-2013-171.pdf<#LINE#>Centre for Media and Communication Studies, University of Gujrat, Post code 50700 Gujrat, Punjab, PAKISTAN  @ Leadership and Management Studies, National Defense University, Post code 4400 Islamabad, PAKISTAN<#LINE#>28/10/2013<#LINE#>10/11/2013<#LINE#>  This research reveals the role of mainstream media in Changing Political Behavior and Party Affiliationamong University of Gujrat students. The students of University of Gujrat devour media for different purpose as well as political information. Mostly students’ use television for political information most because it is attractive and famous medium nowadays. For this survey research conducted to investigate the media effects on changing behavior. Results explore that media have a power to change the voting behavior of viewers and it also persuades them towards new political parties. Media present issues to its audience with an effect that public forms opinion according to media’s emphasis on issue. <#LINE#> @ @ Pasek J., Kate K., Daniel R. andYouth and Community Engagement:Media Is Related to Civic Activityin 14- to 22-Year-Olds, Communication115, DOI: 10.1177/0093650206287073 (2006) @No $ @ @ Galston W. A., Civic educationCollege Park, MD: AmericanAssociation, (2004) @No $ @ @ 3.Delli Carpini M.X., Gen.Com:and the new informationCommunication, 17, 341-349 (2000) @No $ @ @ Delli Carpini M. X. and Keeterabout politics and why it matters,University Press, (1996) @No $ @ @ McLeod J.M., Rush R.R. andmedia and political informationOpinion Quarterly, 32(4), 575 @No $ @ @ Chaffee S.H., Jackson-Beeck Mass Communication in PoliticalRenshon (Ed.), New York: Political socialization New York:Free Press, Handbook of Political socialization 223-258 (1977) @No $ @ @  lyengar S. and Kinder D.R., News that matters: Agenda setting and priming in a television age, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, (1987) @No $ @ @ McCombs M.E, and Donald L.S., The Emergence of American Political IssuesNew York. West Publishing Co, (1977) @No $ @ @ Klapper J.T., The effects of mass communications, Glencoe: III: Free Press,(1960) @No $ @ @ Roberts D.F. and Maccoby N., Effects of mass communication. In Lindzey, G. and Aronson, E. (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology, New York: Random House, 539- 598 (1985) @No $ @ @ Chaffee S. and Frank S., How Americans get political information: Print versus broadcast news, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 546,48-58 (1996) @No $ @ @ Strömberg D., Radio’s Impact on Public Spending, Quarterly Journal of Economics,119(1), 189-221 (2004) @No $ @ @ McCombs M.E. and Shaw D.L., The agenda setting function of mass media, Public Opinion Quarrer/T, 36,176-85 (1972) @No $ @ @  Baran S.J. and Davis D.K., Mass communication theory: foundations, ferment, and future (5th edition), Boston, M.A.: Wadsworth Cengage learning(2009) @No $ @ @ Kinder D.R. and Sanders L.M., Mimicking political debate with survey questions: The case of white opinion onaffirmative action for blacks, Social Cognition, 8, 73-103, (1990) @No $ @ @  Fairhurst G. and Star R., The art of Framing, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, (1996) @No $ @ @  Deetz S. A., Tracy S.J. and Simpson J.L., Leading organizations, Through TransitionLondon, Thousand Oaks: Sage, (2000) @No $ @ @ Fellegi I.P., Survey Methods and Practices, Occasional, Ottawa Canada, Catalogue no. 12-587-X, ISBN 978-1-100-16410-6, (2003) @No $ @ @ Entman R.M., Framing: Toward clarication of a fractured paradigm, Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58 (1993) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>Health culture of Scheduled caste: A Case Study of Patni in Cachar District of Assam<#LINE#>Suranjan@Das<#LINE#>35-41<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJSS-2013-172.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Sociology, Assam University Silchar, Cachar, Assam, INDIA <#LINE#>28/10/2013<#LINE#>10/11/2013<#LINE#>  Modern western health culture is believed to be strongly influenced by modern medical model. Explanations for illness in Western society are rarely couched in religious terms due to spread of bio-medical model of health and illness. Their Culture plays an important role in their perception of good health as well as regulation of health behavior. In western world body is often treated as an intricate machine which must be kept tuned-up and illness is treated as a breakdown of the machine. Western concept contrasts with Ayurvedic concept of body, a concept prevalent in India and South Asia in which health is seen as a state of balance between the physical, social and supernatural environment and illness can results from disturbances of any of these sphere. This kind of differential concepts of health illness and health behavior varies in different socio cultural settings due to difference of traditions, social practices and role relationships. Within a great tradition of health culture numerous little traditions of health culture exist which are based on beliefs, values and health practices of this tradition. <#LINE#> @ @ Majumdar D.N. and Madan T.N., An Introduction to Social Anthropology, Mayoor Paperbacks, Noida, 12-29, 1986)  @No $ @ @ Behera Bijay Kumar, Gender, Health Status and Primitive Tribes, B and B Publishers, Bhubaneswar, 13-14 (2009) @No $ @ @ Freeman Howard E., Levin Sol and Reeder Leo G., Handbook of Medical Sociology, Fourth Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 59, (1972) @No $ @ @ Weiss Gregory L. and Lonnquist Lynne E., The Sociology of Health Healing and Illness, Prentice Hall, New Jersey 31-175 (2000) @No $ @ @ Kokerham William C., The Blackwell Companion to Medical Sociology, (Ed) Willy Blackwell, West sussex, 20-100 (2001) @No $ @ @  Robert S., David L. Sang, Hoang Tu Cam, Is there any Role of Child Psychiatry in Vietnam?, Austr. andN Zeal.J Psy, 31(1), 114-119, Feb (1997) @No $ @ @ Quah Stella, Self-medication, A Neglected Dimension of Health Behaviour", Sociological Symposium, 19, Summer, 20-36 (1977) @No $ @ @ Spector Rachel E., Cultural Diversity in Health and Illness, Prentice Hall, London, 63-169, (1996) @No $ @ @ Das Bhakta, A Glimpage of The Scheduled Caste and Their Socio-Economic Development in Assam, Omsons Publications, Guwahati, 36-37, (1986) @No $ @ @ Das Lakshmi Mohan, Patni Janagoshtir Ruprekha, Srimati Niyati Das, Lumding,1-15, (1996) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>Staging back of Malaria in Kerala, India: A Retrospective study<#LINE#>Jimmy@Antony,T.M@Celine,Michale@Chacko<#LINE#>42-46<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJSS-2013-183.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Community Medicine, M.O.S.C Medical College, Kolenchery, Kerala, INDIA @ Senior Allied Health Officer, Royal Brisbane Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland state of Australia, AUSTRALIA  <#LINE#>14/1/2013<#LINE#>25/1/2013<#LINE#>  Malaria is one of the important public health problem in India by considering its prevalence, virulence and drug resistance.  The aim of this study is to find out the case infection and fatality over age, sex and time period. It is a hospital based retrospective study of five years. The data were collected from the medical records department of the hospital and analysed by using Microsoft excel. ‘Z’ test applied for finding out the comparison of proportions. Out of 139 confirmed cases of malaria, 121 cases were males (87.05%) and 18 cases (12.95%) were females. The proportion of malaria cases is higher in males than females. The majority of 58.99% of cases are in 20-39years. Case fatality of malaria is 2.15% and it is 1.65% in males and 5.5% in females and it is highly significant (p=.0036). Out of 139 malaria cases reported in the study, 46.04% cases were Plasmodium falciparum, 27.33% were Plasmodium vivax and 26.61% were due to unspecified malaria infection. The preponderance of males and adult age group indicating the involvement of outdoor work exposure in the case infection. As the labours from the malaria endemic areas are the source of infection in the study area, much personal prophylactic measures to be adopted by the labours during the outdoor works and vector control activity to be strengthened through the Primary Health Centre in the area.  <#LINE#> @ @  Beare N.A., Taylor J.E., Harding S.P., Lewallen S. and Molyneax M.E., Malarial retinopathy:  A newly established diagnostic sign in severe malaria, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 75(5), 790-7 (2006) @No $ @ @  Joshi H., Prajapati S.K., Verma A., Kang’a S. and Carlton J.M., Plasmodium vivax in India. Trends Parasitology, 24(50), 228-235(2008) @No $ @ @  Park K., Text book of Preventive and Social Medicine, XV111 edn; 193 (2002) @No $ @ @  Gopalakrishnan S. and Ranjit Malaria, Millennium development goals and the status of malaria problem in Tamilnadu state in India, Indian Medical Journal, 105, 5 (2011) @No $ @ @  Baridalyne Nongkynrih, B.K. Patro, Chandrakanta S Pandav. Current status of communicable and non-communicable diseases in India, JAPI, 52 (2004) @No $ @ @  World Health Organization, World Health Report Geneva, Switzerland (1998) @No $ @ @  Gauravi Mishra, Hospital based study of malaria in Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra, J. Vec. Borne Dis., 109-111 (2003) @No $ @ @  Anand K., Kant S. and Kumar G., Clinical case definition of malaria at a secondary level hospital in northern India. Southeast Asian J. Trop Med Pub Health, 30(2), 243-5 (1999) @No $ @ @  Sidhu P.S, Ngsc. A retrospective study on malaria cases admitted to the University hospital, Kerala Lumpur, 1984-1988, Med. J. 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Assoc, 98(4), 160-2, 169 (2000) @No $ @ @  Chandrashekar UK, Sudharshan Murthy KA and Sunila. A study on clinical profile and outcome in falciparum malaria, Calicut Medical Journal 2011, 9(3),  e6 (2011) @No $ @ @  Chowta M.N. and Chowta K.N., Study of clinical profile of malaria at KMC, Hospital Attavar, India, Journal of clinical and diagnostic research, 1(3), 110-115 (2007) @No $ @ @  Sharma S.K., Tyagi P.K, Padhan K., Padhya V., Haque A.K, Nanda M.A, Joshi N., Biswas H., Adak S., Das T., Chauhan B.S, Chittis V.S. and Subharao C.E., S.K. Epidemiology of malaria transmission in forest and plain ecotype villages in Sundargarh district, Odisha, India.Trans.R. soc.trop.Med.Hyg., 100(10), 917-925 (2006) @No $ @ @  Vidhanjain, Avinash C. Nagpal, pradeep K. Joel, Manmohan shukla, Mrigendra P.Singh, Rasik B.Gupta, aditya P.Dash, Saroj K. mishra, Venkatachalam Udhayakumar, Jonathan K.Stiles and Neeru Singh. 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<#LINE#>Participation of Women in Panchayati Raj Institutions: A Sociological Study of Haryana, India<#LINE#>Nandal@Vikas<#LINE#>47-50<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJSS-2013-184.pdf<#LINE#> M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana, INDIA <#LINE#>15/10/2013<#LINE#>29/10/2013<#LINE#>  The present study “Participation of Women in Panchayati Raj Institutions” conducted on the sample of 50 women respondents from village Anwali District Sonipat, Haryana, India. Stratified sampling technique was adopted for selecting the sample from different wards of the village. Interview Schedule was used to collect primary data from the respondents. Analysis revealed that the awareness and constitutional knowledge of women was not satisfactory. Participation level of women in Gram Panchayats only limited, only to remain as voter. Some of the women respondents even do not know the functioning of Gram Panchayat. In Gram Panchayat election their husband and family decided that to whom that have to give vote, women do not have their own choice. <#LINE#> @ @ Rashmi Arun. Role of Women in Panchayati Raj, The Administrator, 12. 45 (1996) @No $ @ @ Subha K. and Bhargava B.S., Feminism and Political Empowerment of Women: The Karnataka Experience, as in M.R. Birju (Ed.), Decentralisation: An Indian Experience, National Publishing House, Jaipur, 158 (2007) @No $ @ @ Venkata Ravi R. and Sunder Raj D., Grass Roots Governance: Women Empowerment through Panchayati Raj Institutions as in M.R. Birju (Ed.), Decentralisation: An Indian Experience, National Publishing House, Jaipur, 481-482 (2007) @No $ @ @ Thakur Minni, Women Empowerment through Panchayati Raj, New Delhi: Concept Publishing House,78-79 (2010) @No $ @ @ Desai P. and Thakkar U., Women in Indian Society. New Delhi: National Book Trust, (2001) @No $ @ @ Pai S., Women and Panchayati Raj, The Law, Programmes and Practices, Journal of Rural Development, 16(4), 15-18(1997) @No $ @ @ Narayanam P., Empowerment through Participation: How Effective id this Approach, Economic and Political Weekly, 2(14) 84-88 (2003) @No $ @ @ Gochhayat Artarrana, Political Participation of Women in Gram Panchayat Elections in Odisha, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, 2(2), 38-46 (2013) @No $ @ @ Kumatakar K., Governance and Representation: A Study of Women and Local Self Government, Indian Journal of Public Administration,XLIX(3), (2007) @No $ @ @ Kalita Gangeswar, Rural Women’s Participation in Electoral Politics, IJCAES,(II), 170-175 (2012) @No $ @ @  @No 
@Research Article
<#LINE#>A Study on Inflation in India<#LINE#>R.V.S.S.,Nagabhushana@Rao,P.Chenchu@Reddy,A.M.Mahaboob,@Basha,P.@Srinivasulu,Pranav@K.Sai<#LINE#>51-55<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJSS-2013-169.pdf<#LINE#>S.Chaavan institute of Computer applications, Nellore-524003, INDIA @ Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore-524001, INDIA @ Dept. of Chandra Reddy Degree College, Nellore-524003, INDIA  @ Noble College of Computer Sciences-MBA, Kavali, INDIA<#LINE#>28/10/2013<#LINE#>11/11/2013<#LINE#>  Inflation is burning issue which hinders the economic growth of the country. It is becoming more hectic to economists, politicians and even people also. It is very dangerous because it is directly impacting on standard of living of the people. The responsibility for government and politicians, economists is to protect/safe guard common man from inflation. According to statistical data the inflation in India is higher specifically in food items. Causes might be demand/supply side, which reduces the purchasing power of people, which impacting on savings of the people also. This paper explains about as per given statistics, the agricultural productivity and sophisticated techniques and reforms in retail industry which helps to protect people from inflation. Government polices like monetary policy and industrial policy should be prepared in such a manner which decreases inflation in India. <#LINE#> @ @ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation_in_India (2013) @No $ @ @ Pratima Singh, Inflation in India: An empirical Analysis, ISAS Institute of South Asian studies, No.128 - 10 may (2011) @No $ @ @ Gaurav Sharma, Inflation concerns for the Indian economy: Assocham Research Bureau,(2009) @No $ @ @ Ila Patnaik, Ajay Shah, Giovanni Veronese., How to measure inflation in India, NIPFP-DEA, Research Program on Capital Flows and their ConsequencesNational Institute of Public Finance and PolicyNew Delhi Working Paper 2011-83(2011) @No $ @ @ Anuradha Patnayak, Study of Inflation in India: A Co integrated Vector Auto regression Approach, Journal of Quantitative Economics, 8(1) (2010) @No $ @ @  @No