@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Factors affecting e-government acceptance in Pakistan: an empirical investigation<#LINE#>Abdul Rahim @Chandio <#LINE#>1-8<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJSS-2021-024.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Public Administration, University of Sindh, Pakistan<#LINE#>15/5/2021<#LINE#>19/8/2021<#LINE#>The current study aims to explore the technology adoption and its users' perceptional approach in a public sector of Pakistan via applying the behavioral and technological antecedents. The proposed model in this study contains the constructs as perceived ease of use (PEOU), Trust in technology (TIT), social influence (SI), information quality (IQ) and employees’ behavior intention to use e-government (BI) and the concerned determinants are presumed to envisage the intentional level of public officials to use wireless technology in a Pakistan point of view. The current study follows the theoretical approach which includes the TAM and UTAUT model in order to find out the degree of the intention of employees’ to apply the innovative technology in the working atmosphere. The proposed model has been tested by an empirical means that contains the 341 samplings for data analysis of the public sector employees of (NADRA) to carry out and fill the survey questionnaires (items). The SPSS version 24 was applied to meet the final results of the concerned study and the hypotheses were tested by using the regressions and correlations. In the present study, questionnaires were distributed up to 500 among the employees of the lower and middle-rank employees at Sukkur, Larkana and Hyderabad region and the response rate remained 68.2%. The results finding in the study sought to determine that PEOU, TIT and IQ factors show the positive significant association with the behavioral intention of employees to adopt the innovative technology in the public sector. This study also includes the limitation, future recommendation, practical implications and significance in a Pakistan perceptive.<#LINE#>Haider, Z., Rahim, A., and Aslam, F. (2019).@Antecedents of Online Banking Adoption in Pakistan: an Empirical Study.@International Research Journal of Arts & Humanities, 47(47).@Yes$Abu-Shanab, E. (2014).@Antecedents of trust in e-government services: an empirical test in Jordan.@Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 8(4), 480-499. https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-08-2013-0027.@Yes$Paravastu, N., Gefen, D., and Creason, S. B. (2014).@Understanding trust in IT artifacts: An evaluation of the impact of trustworthiness and trust on satisfaction with antiviral software.@ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems, 45(4), 30-50.@Yes$Alawneh, A., Al-Refai, H., and Batiha, K. (2013).@Measuring user satisfaction from e-Government services: Lessons from Jordan.@Government Information Quarterly,  30(3), 277-288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2013.03.00 1.@Yes$Bhuiyan, M. S. H. (2010).@E-government applications in Bangladesh: status and challenges.@In  Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, 255-260.@Yes$Wimmer, M. A., Scherer, S., & Appel, M. (2015).@The role of trust in e-participation: Predictors, consequences, and design.@In Electronic Government and Electronic Participation: Joint Proceedings of Ongoing Research, Ph.D. Papers, Posters and Workshops of IFIP EGOV and E Part, 22, p 3.@Yes$Chandio, A. R. (2020). Factors Influencing Intentions to use Digital Learning during COVID 19 Outbreak in Sindh:  An Empirical Study. International Journal of Distance Education and E-Learning, 6(1), 8395. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.36261/ijdeel.v6i1.1423.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Abu-Shanab, E. (2014)@Antecedents of trust in e-government services: an empirical test in Jordan.@Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 8(4), 480-499. https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-08-2013-0027.@Yes$Becker, T. E., Randall, D. M., & Riegel, C. D. (1995).@The multidimensional view of commitment and the theory of reasoned action: A comparative evaluation.@Journal of Management, 21(4), 617-638.@Yes$Albesher, A. (2016).@Trust as a source of long-term adoption of e-government.@Doctoral dissertation, Brunel University London.@Yes$Duhamel, F., Gutiérrez-Martínez, I., Macias-Figueroa, J. E., Luna-Reyes, L. F., & Picazo-Vela, S. (2017).@Best practices in the management of it outsourcing in the public sector.@In Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research, 596-597.@Yes$Warkentin, M., Gefen, D., Pavlou, P. A., & Rose, G. M. (2002).@Encouraging citizen adoption of e-government by building trust.@Electronic markets, 12(3), 157-162.@Yes$Gilbert, D., Balestrini, P., & Littleboy, D. (2004).@Barriers and benefits in the adoption of e‐government.@International Journal of Public Sector Management.@Yes$Janita, M. S., & Miranda, F. J. (2018).@Quality in e-Government services: A proposal of dimensions from the perspective of public sector employees.@Telematics and Informatics, 35(2), 457-469.@Yes$Bannister, F., & Connolly, R. (2011).@Trust and transformational government: A proposed framework for research.@Government Information Quarterly, 28(2), 137-147.@Yes$Al-Rashidi, H. (2013).@The role of internal stakeholders and influencing factors during the phases of e-government initiative implementation.@Doctoral dissertation, Brunel University, School of Information Systems, Computing and Mathematics.@Yes$Bonk, C. J. (2002).@Online training in an online world.@Bloomington, IN: Course Share. com.@Yes$Alshehri, M., Drew, S., & Alfarraj, O. (2012).@A Comprehensive Analysis of E-government services adoption in Saudi Arabia: Obstacles and Challenges.@International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 3(2), 1-6.@Yes$Colesca, S. E. (2009).@Understanding trust in e-government.@Engineering Economics, 63(3).@Yes$Lim, E. T., Tan, C. W., Cyr, D., Pan, S. L., & Xiao, B. (2012).@Advancing public trust relationships in electronic government: The Singapore e-filing journey.@Information Systems Research, 23(4), 1110-1130.@Yes$Kanaan, R. K. (2009).@Making sense of e-government implementation in Jordan: A qualitative investigation.@@Yes$Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003).@User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view.@MIS quarterly, 425-478.@Yes$Alsaif, M. (2014).@Factors affecting citizens’ adoption of e-government moderated by socio-cultural values in Saudi Arabia.@Doctoral dissertation, University of Birmingham.@Yes$Almahamid, S. O. U. D., Mcadams, A. C., Al Kalaldeh, T. A. H. E. R., & MO@The relationship between perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived information quality, and intention to use e-government.@Journal of Theoretical & Applied Information Technology, 11.@Yes$Davis, F. D. (1989).@Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology.@MIS quarterly, 319-340.@Yes$Chen, L., & Aklikokou, A. K. (2020).@Determinants of e-government adoption: testing the mediating effects of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use.@International Journal of Public Administration,  43(10), 850-865. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2019. 1660989.@Yes$Mahmood, M., Osmani, M., & Sivarajah, U. (2014).@The role of trust in e-government adoption: A systematic literature review.@@Yes$Zhou, T. (2011).@An empirical examination of initial trust in mobile banking.@Internet Research, 21(5), 527-540.  https://doi.org/10.1108/10662241111176353.@Yes$Ahmad, M. O., Markkula, J., & Oivo, M. (2012).@Factors influencing the adoption of e- government services in Pakistan.@In European, Mediterranean & Middle Eastern conference on information systems, 9, 118-133.@Yes$Malhotra, Y., & Galletta, D. F. (1999).@Extending the technology acceptance model to account for social influence: Theoretical bases and empirical validation.@In Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences.  HICSS-32. Abstracts and CD-ROM of Full Papers, pp. 14-pp. IEEE.@Yes$Yang, K., & Rho, S. Y. (2007).@E-government for better performance: Promises, realities, and challenges.@International Journal of Public Administration, 30(11), 1197-1217. https://doi.org/10.1080/0190069070122555 6.@Yes$Thompson, R. L., Higgins, C. A., & Howell, J. M. (1991).@Personal computing: Toward a conceptual model of utilization.@MIS quarterly, 125-143.@Yes$Almarabeh, T., & AbuAli, A. (2010).@A general framework for e-government: definition maturity challenges, opportunities, and success.@European Journal of Scientific Research, 39(1), 29-42.@Yes$Rahman, H. (2010).@Framework of e-governance at the local government level.@In Comparative e-government, 23-47. Springer, New York, NY.@Yes$Alsaghier, H., Ford, M., Nguyen, A., & Hexel, R. (2011).@Conceptualising citizen’s trust in e government: Application of Q methodology.@Leading Issues in E Government, 1(2011), 204.@Yes$Carter, L., & Weerakkody, V. (2008).@E-government adoption: A cultural comparison.@Information systems frontiers, 10(4), 473-482.@Yes$Almuraqab, N. A. S. (2017).@M-government adoption factors in the UAE: a partial least squares approach.@International Journal of Business and Information, 11(4).@Yes
@Research Article
<#LINE#>Explaining gender parity in India’s higher education<#LINE#>Samsur @Rahaman,Yogita @Sharma <#LINE#>9-13<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJSS-2021-004.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Education, Aligarh Muslim University, India@Department of Education, Aligarh Muslim University, India<#LINE#>6/2/2021<#LINE#>10/6/2021<#LINE#>The researcher has examined the imbalance gender representation in India's higher education.  The study has conducted on India's different state based on secondary data published by AISHE (2018) report, Government of India. The study sought to analyze India's Gender Parity and correlate its relation to India's sex ratio. The study has found an imbalance distribution of GPI among India's other states. There is a discernible difference in GPI among economically forward and backward states, general category students, S.C. and S.C. in higher education. Research has also shown that GPI has increased over the past nine years among higher education institutions. The female choice-based course (B.Ed., Nursing, M.Com, M.A., M.Sc.), where female students are substantially higher than male students, has been established. On the other hand, women's participation in such technical courses (B.C.A., B.B.A., L.L.B., B.Tech., M.Tech., M.B.A.) is abysmal. A strong negative correlation (-.64) was observed at a level of .001 between the GPI and the sex ratio.<#LINE#>Government of India (2011).@Census report.@www.census2011.co.in/sex ratio. php, Retrieved on 15.12.2020.@Yes$Hausmann, R., Tyson, L. D. A., & Zahidi, S. (2012).@The global gender gap report 2012. Geneva: World Economic Forum.@@Yes$Kehinde F. Ajayi & Marric Buessing (2015).@Gender Parity and Schooling Choices.@The journal of Development Studies, 51(5), 503-522.@Yes$Dian-Fu Chang & Hsiao-Chi Chang Tzeng (2020).@Patterns of gender parity in the humanities and STEM programs: the trajectory under the expanded higher education system.@Studies in Higher Education,  45(6), 1108-1120.  DOI: 10.1080/03075079.2018.1550479.@Yes$Stoet, G., and D. C. Geary (2018).@The Gender-Equality Paradox in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education.@Psychological Science, 29(4), 581–593.@Yes$Patrick Clancy & Sara O’Sullivan (2020).@Gender parity in higher Education enrolments: trends and paradoxes.@Irish Educational Studies, 39(3), 337-354.@Yes$Murray Rainbow (2012).@Parity in France: A Dual Track, Solution to Women’s Under-Representation.@West European Politics, 35(2), 243-61.@Yes$Praud Jocelyne (2012).@Introduction: Gender Parity and Quotas in European Politics.@West European Politics, 35(2), 286-300.@Yes$Krook Mona Lena (2009).@Quotas for women in politics: Gender and candidate selection reform worldwide.@Oxford: Oxford University Press@Yes$Sgier, Lea Sgier (2003).@Political Representation and Gender Quotas.@Paper presented at the European Consortium on Political Research joint Sessions, 28 March-2 April, Edinburgh.@Yes$Dahlerup Drude (2006).@Introduction’, in Drude Dahlerup (ed.), Women, Quotas and Politics.@London and New York: Routledge.@Yes$Murray, Rainbow (2007).@How Parties Evaluate Compulsory Quotas: A Study of the Implementation of the ‘‘Parity’’ Law in France’.@Parliamentary Affairs, 60(4), 568–84.@Yes$Opello, Katherine (2006).@Gender Quotas, Parity Reform, and Political Parties in France.@Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.@Yes$UNESCO (2018-19).@UNESCO and the promise of gender equality: key actions of 2018 and 2019.@@No$World Economic Forum (2015).@The Global Gender Gap Report 2015. Geneva: World Economic Forum.@@No$Government of India (2018).@All India Survey of Higher Education report.@Ministry of Human Resource Development, New Delhi, P-T-20.@No$QGIS (2014).@Free, open-source Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) 2.14.14 version Software.@https://www.qgis.org/ en/site/.@Yes
@Case Study
<#LINE#>Participation Restriction in Leprosy Patients - a case study<#LINE#>Lubna @Bhat,Nilofar @Khan,Nahid @Vaida,Iffat @Hassan,M. Tariq @Banday <#LINE#>14-19<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJSS-2021-014.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Home Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India@Department of Home Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India@Department of Home Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India@Government Medical College, Srinagar, India@Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India<#LINE#>24/3/2021<#LINE#>1/8/2021<#LINE#>To assess the role of participation restriction and evaluate the prevalence of impairment and the effect of stigma among the people affected by Hansen’s disease in the Kashmir valley. The assessment and evaluation were carried out among 120 leprosy patients suffering from leprosy in the Kashmir valley through adequate participation restriction scales. A comparative questionnaire was designed for two groups, Group I (for government leprosarium, Behral, Lalbazar) and Group 2 (for Kupwara, Ganderbal, Kangan and Budgam districts of Kashmir Valley). The result of the present study reveals that Grade I disability due to leprosy is higher and has the worst association with participation restriction than Grade II. In the study, it has been found that early diagnosis, effective treatment in disease and management of leprosy reaction can prevent participation restriction and are thus essential measures in preventing stigma related to it. The health services can play an important role to fight leprosy patients from the tag of stigma. The findings of the study revealed that participation restriction is directly related to the duration of the disease and has a negative correlation with education. Stigma has a significant role in aggravating the phenomena of participation restriction. Counselling through camping on Leprosy can overcome the myths related to leprosy and can abolish the roots of stigma.<#LINE#>WHO-NTD. (2013).@Neglected Tropical Diseases.@URL:https://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/ diseases/en/@No$Hotez, P. J., Bottazzi, M. E., Franco-Paredes, C., Ault, S. K., & Periago, M. R. (2008).@The neglected tropical diseases of Latin America and the Caribbean: A review of disease burden and distribution and a roadmap for control and elimination.@PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2(9), e300.@Yes$IHME (2021).@Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation.@www.healthdata.org@Yes$Tsutsumi A., Izutsu T., Islam A. M., Maksuda A. N., Kato H. and Wakai S. (2007).@The quality of life, mental health, and perceived stigma of leprosy patients in Bangladesh.@Soc Sci Med, 64(12), 2443-53.@Yes$Lustosa A. A., Nogueira L. T., Pedrosa J. I., Teles J.B. and Campelo V. (2011).@The impact of leprosy on health-related quality of life.@Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 44(S), 621-6.@Yes$Brouwers C., Van Brakel W. H. and Cornielje H. (2011).@Quality of life, perceived stigma, activity and participation of people with leprosy related disabilities in South East Nepal.@Disability, CBR and Inclusive Development, 22(1).@Yes$Van Brakel W. H. , Sihombing B., Djarir H., Beise K., Kusumawardhani L., Yulihane R., et al. (2012).@Disability in people affected by leprosy: the role of impairment, activity, social participation, stigma and discrimination.@Glob Health Action, 5(1), 183-194.@Yes$WHO. (‎2001)‎.@International classification of functioning, disability and health: ICF.@World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42407.@Yes$Withington S. G., Joha S., Baird D., Brink M. and Brink J. (2003).@Assessing socio-economic factors in relation to stigmatization, impairment status, and selection for socio-economic rehabilitation: A 1-year cohort of new leprosy cases in north Bangladesh.@Lepr Rev, 74(2), 120-32.@Yes$Adhikari B., Kaehler N., Chapman R. S., Raut S., Roche P. (2014).@Factors Affecting Perceived Stigma in Leprosy Affected Persons in Western Nepal.@PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 8(6), e2940. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pntd.0002940.@Yes$Moura, S. H. L., Grossi, M. A. F., Moura, A. C. L., Lehman, L. F., Gomes, A. C., Santos, E. D., ... & Rocha, M. O. C. (2018).@Evaluation of physical impairment and psychosocial disorders in new leprosy patients before and after multidrug therapy in a referral hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil: The value of rating scales in the assessment of disabilities.@Indian Journal of leprosy, 90(1), 47-59.@Yes$Wire. (2019).@Leprosy is making a comeback in India, but the govt wants to deny it.@URL: https://thewire.in/ health/leprosy-is-making-a-comeback-in-india-but-the-govt -wants-to-deny-it dated 04-Jan-2019.@No$Van Brakel, W. H., Anderson, A. M., Mutatkar, R. K., Bakirtzief, Z., Nicholls, P. G., Raju, M. S., & Das-Pattanayak, R. K. (2006).@The Participation Scale: measuring a key concept in public health.@Disability and rehabilitation, 28(4), 193-203.@Yes$Sharma, R. (2012).@Kuppuswamy’s Socioeconomic Status Scale–revision for 2011 and formula for real-time updating.@The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 79(7), 961-962.@Yes$Bairwa, M., Rajput, M., & Sachdeva, S. (2013).@Modified Kuppuswamy@Indian journal of community medicine,  38(3), 185–186. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.116358.@Yes$Nandgaonkar, H. P., Mancheril, J., Ebenezer, J., & Samy, A. A. (2002).@Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Assessment: a measure for grading activity limitation in Leprosy patiens.@The Indian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 34(3).@Yes$Nicholls, P. G., Bakirtzief, Z., Van Brakel, W. H., Das-Pattanaya, R. K., Raju, M. S., Norman, G., & Mutatkar, R. K. (2005).@Risk factors for participation restriction in leprosy and development of a screening tool to identify individuals at risk.@Leprosy Review, 76(4), 305-315.@Yes$Slim, F. J., van Schie, C. H., Keukenkamp, R., Faber, W. R., & Nollet, F. (2010).@Effects of impairments on activities and participation in people affected by leprosy in The Netherlands.@Journal of rehabilitation medicine, 42(6), 536-543.@Yes$Singh et al. (2009).@A study on patients using p-scale.@Association of participation restriction to socio economical class and grade of deformity.@No
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Brief citation on the creation of Gwadabawa metropolit an District/ semi-emirate by Muhammadu Maiturare Marafa: the protectorate of the Sokoto Caliphate<#LINE#>Yusuf @Sarkingobir <#LINE#>20-25<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJSS-2021-010.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biology Shehu Shagari College of Education Sokoto, Nigeria<#LINE#>17/3/2021<#LINE#>8/7/2021<#LINE#>There is quest to immaculate and preserve the history for the upcoming generations to take heed. More especially, the history of Sokoto Caliphate and stakeholders therein. In the course of development of Sokoto Calipahte, among the famous stakeholders was the Maiturare Marafa Gwadabawa, and his popular ribat dubbed as Gwadabawa, but their historical account is very scarce. The objective of this paper was to briefly lay an account on the creation of Gwadabawa ribat, a semiemirate of the Caliphate. A search of related literatures and oral traditions was carried out to gather data. This paper describes in brief, Sarkin Musulmi Maiturare Marafa, the Gwadabawa semierate/metropolitan, district carved out from Gwadabawa and relations. Maiturare Marafa Gwadabawa was born at Chimmola in the house of Sarkin Musulmi Amadu. He was raised there and took the charge of the region after his father Amadu became Caliph. He left Chimmola and created Asara town. A few miles away from Chimmola and Asara there exists a place called Gwadabawa, the centre of Maiturare's district. After establishing Gwadabawa town, he moved further and established several main towns and minor villages at Tangaza region (in the land of Gurdam), and Gada to cover the most vast land in whole of Sokoto. This land created by Maiturare had now became Gwadabawa, Illela, Tangaza, Gada, and Gudu local government, envisages by many districts. Maiturare remained the only powerful emancipator and colonizer of the Northern Sokoto from Rima to Konni for over 35 years using his ardent teams of Azbinawa, Adarawa, Hausawa, and relations. His turbanning after successfull clearing of the region might had happened circa 1881. He had also assisted all the Caliphs of his time as Marafa. Certainly, he had achieved the target of making Gwadabawa a protectorate of the Caliphate solving hunger, insecurity, settlements and related issues. Gwadabawa was the largest district since its creation in the Sokoto region, and contributed hugely in protecting the Caliphate and it is still relevant in government, and admisnistration of Sokoto Sultanate. People who occupy Gwadabawa throne as Sarkingobir are heirs to the Sultanate.<#LINE#>Johsnton, H.A.S. (1967).@The Fulani Empire of Sokoto.@London, England: Oxford University Press.@Yes$Ministry of Information, Cultural, and Internal affairs, Sokoto State (1979).@Introducing Sokoto State.@Kaduna, Nigeria: Obadaki Press Limited@No$Sokoto State History Bureau (1979).@Abdu Jatau District Head Gwadabawa.@Skt/97/4/45@No$Johston, I. (2010).@Harmattan, A wind of change: Life and letters from Northern Nigeria at the end of empire.@London, UK: The Radcliffe Press.@No$Sheriff, V.F. and Altine, Z. (2018).@The struggle of Shaykh Uthman Bn Foduye in reformation of faith and social vices among the people of Gobir Kingdom: a critical analysis.@Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 886-891.@Yes$Sarkingobir, Y. (2021).@The role of traditional hegemony in community development: A case study of Gwadabawa district, Sokoto state, Nigeria (1931-1968).@Frontiers of knowledge Journal Series International Journal of Social Sciences, 4(1), 35-51.@Yes$Ummaru, U.J. (1999).@Daular Atikawa. An unpublished document prepared by Danmasanin Gwadabawa Ummaru Jekada Ummaru.@@No$Sarkingobir, Y. (2021).@A brief account of Gwadabawa Semiemirate/ Metropolitan district: Yesterday and today.@Frontiers of knowledge Journal Series International Journal of Social Sciences, 4(1), 1- 35.@Yes$Sarkingobir, Y. (2020).@The second Sarki RafiIllela Alh Buhari Muhammad Tukur.@Sokoto, Nigeria: University Press Limited, Usmanu Dafodiyo Univesity, Sokoto.@Yes$Mohammed, S. Audu, Osuala, and Uzoma S. (2015).@The British Conquest and Resistance of Sokoto Caliphate, 1897-1903: Crisis, Conflicts and Resistance.@Historical Research Letter, 22:39-43 www.iiste.org@Yes$Colonial Reports (1902).@Northern Nigeria Report for 1902.@@No$Hogendorn, J.S. & Paul E Lovejoy (1979).@Revolutionary Mahdism and Resistance to Early Colonial Rule in Northern Nigeria and Niger.@University of The Witwatersr and African Studies Institute  African Studies Seminar Paper presented in RW 4.00pm MAY 1979.@Yes$Shareef, M. (2005).@Zaman ‘n-Nasaara ‘The Hour of the Christians’African Muslim Resistance to European Colonialism.@Sankore Institute of Islamic - African Studies International. www.sankore.org/www.siiasi.org@Yes$Sarkingobir, Y. (2020).@The brief history of the 7th Sarkingobir of Gwadabawa, Alhaji Muhammadu Zayyanu MFR@. International Journal of Educational Research and Studies, 2(1), 01-06.@Yes$Tribenderana, P.K. (1997).@The making and unmaking of Sultan of Sokoto Muhammadu Tambari; 1922-1931.@Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria, 9(1), 93-134.@Yes$Abdussalam, I.K. (2016).@War and diplomacy in 19th century West Africa: Analyzing the Sokoto jihad from the perspective of diplomacy.@International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 6(6), 41-48.@No$Bello, N., and Marafa, M. (2016).@Further Remarks on the Introduction and Challenges of Western Education in Gwadabawa District from 1924 to 1976.@Degel Journal of Faculty of Arts and Islamic Studies, 12, 70-80. Www.degeljournal.org udusokoto@No$Ayama, B.M. (2018).@Takaitaccentarihin Masarautar Gwadabawa.@Sokoto: Kalenjeni Printing Press Sokoto.@Yes$Jabo, U.S.B. (2008).@Takaitaccentarihin Sarkin Gobir: Alhaji Muhammadu Zayyanu (MFR) daMasarautar Gwadabawa.@@Yes$Sayudi, S. and Boyd, J. (1974).@Infakul Maisuri Nasarkin Musulmi Muahhamadu  Bello.@Fassara a takaice. Zaria, Nigeria: Northern Nigerian Publishing Company  Limited.@No$Sarkigobir,Y. and Sharu, A.U. (2021).@Citation on the 14th Sultan of Sokoto Caliphate: Sultan Muhammadu Maiturare.@Electronic Research Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 3(2), 16-24.@No
@Short Review Paper
<#LINE#>Manifestation of the silent agony of neglected childhood and Girl child, presented in Prasoon Joshi’s lyrics and poems<#LINE#>Ravi Shanker @Panicker <#LINE#>26-30<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJSS-2020-079.pdf<#LINE#>Bhilai Institute of Technology, Raipur, CG, India<#LINE#>28/11/2020<#LINE#>14/8/2021<#LINE#>The paper throws light on an unusual yet dramatic description of the lost, confused and mangled childhood of a child in its home and in the world manifested by Prasoon Joshi in his lyrics and poems. Prasoon Joshi is one of the most prominent poet lyricists of modern times. His imagery, symbols and choice of language is incomparable and come close only to that of Gulzar; another top poet lyricist. Though he writes in Hindi, but his expressions of emotions cross the barriers of language and touch the hearts of the audience. Prasoon Joshi is among those rare poet lyricists, who understands and expresses the emotions in his writings in the most poignant manner. His choices of words are rare in this genre and it is this subtlety that separates him from the others. The paper brings forth the analysis of his select songs and poems recounting the agony, unreciprocated questions of a child, the kind of world the elders have conjured up for their children, their apathy, and almost a nonchalant attitude towards child-psychology. This paper is going to be based on translation work. The lyrics that appear in the paper are originally written in Hindi and have been translated into English by Prasoon Joshi himself and the Hindi poems have been translated by the author.<#LINE#>Goldmann, K., & Wessel, J. (2021).@Some people feel the rain, others just get wet: An analysis of regional differences in the effects of weather on cycling.@Research in Transportation Business & Management, 40, 100541.@Yes$Joshi Prasoon (2019).@King of Jingles.@https://www.businesstoday.in/ magazine/in-this-issue/story/ king-of-the-jingle-prasoon-joshi-12504-2007-12-24, Accessed on February 12,2019@No$Wiess Laura (2008).@Leftovers.@MTV Books Publication.@No$Jeffrey (2003).@Lost childhood, lost generations: the intergenerational transmission of trauma.@Journal of Human Rights, 2(2), 173-181.@Yes$Prasoon Joshi (2020).@Writes a gut wrenching poem on murder of a seven year old in Delhi.@https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/ryan-school-murder, Accessed on February 11,2020@No$Prasoon Joshi (2020).@Kuch to Galat hi.@https://www.hindustantimes.com/ bollywood/samjho-kuch-ghalat-hai-PrasoonJoshi-joshi-s-lyrical-tribute-to-peshawar-victims/story-4l099R9uG3 vIwpicpFqlZM.html, visited on November 18,2020@No$Hindi lyrics (2020).@Dhoop kay Sikkey.@https://hindilyrics123.com/dhoop-ke-sikke-lyrics-in-hindi-30901.html, Accessed on January 4,2020@No$Lyrics (2020).@Tare Zameen Par.@https://gaana.com/ lyrics/maa-from-taare-zameen-par, Accessed on March 1, 2020@No$Prasoo Joshi (2020).@Pita.@Father Day Special. https://www.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-BNE-father-day-special-PrasooJoshi-joshi-4647902-NOR.html visited on  November 14, 2020@No$Lyrics (2020).@Dhoop kay Sikkey.@https://hindilyrics123.com/dhoop-ke-sikke-lyrics-in-hindi-30901.html,Accessed on January 4,2020@No$Prasoon Joshi (2019).@Sharm aa Rahi hi na?.@https://www.ichowk.in/social-media/prasoon-joshi-dedicates-a-poem-to-girl-child-after-olympics/story/1/ 4294.html, Accessed on April 2, 2019.@No$Banerjee, Dipanwita (2019).@Double Standards: 30 Things Reflecting the Society’s Hypocrisy Women Face.@www.shethepeople.tv/top-stories/opinion/double-standards-30-things-reflecting-the-societys-hypocrisy-women-face/ Accessed on February 19,2019@No$(2015).@Men hold extreme views when it comes to women - rape or absolute freedom.@The Hindu, Delhi edition, Published on April, 06, 2015.@No$Prasoon Joshi (2020).@Our society has become transactional.@https:// www.rediff.com/movies/report/ prasoon-joshi-our-society-has-become-transactional/2015 0421.htm, Accessed on November 10, 2020.@No$Neilson, A. (2013).@Neilson Plays: 1: Normal; Penetrator; Year of the Family; Night before Christmas; Censor.@A&C Black.@Yes$Blogs (2019).@You have to take care of the children.@Times of India. https:// timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/ toi-edit-page, Accessed on 12 Septeber,2019@No$Prasoon Joshi (2020).@Saddened by web series, Rasbhari’s irresponsible content portraying a little girl child dancing provocatively in front of men drinking. Creators & audience need to seriously rethink Freedom of expression or freedom of exploitation? Let’s spare children in the desperate need for entertainment.@Twitter, June, 26, 2020, 2.34 pm. https://twitter.com/prasoonjoshi_/status/1276441 159636680704?s=2o.@No$Prasoon Joshi (2020).@A poem by Prasoon Joshi on movement by Anna Hazare.@https://www.scribd.com/doc/ 75579965/A-poem-by-Prasoon-Joshi-on-The-Movement/, Accessed on January 10, 2020@No