@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Discriminant Analysis of the Influence of Farmer's Socio-Economic Characteristics on their Participation in Research and Extension Activities in Borno State, Nigeria<#LINE#>M.M.@Gwary,T.M.@Gwary,S.B.@Mustapha<#LINE#>1-6<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJSS-2012-038.pdf<#LINE#>  Department of Agricultural Extension Services, University of Maiduguri, NIGERIA @ Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Abuja, NIGERIA<#LINE#>15/9/2012<#LINE#>16/11/2012<#LINE#>This article describes and applies the discriminant analysis model in this study to evaluate the influence of farmers’ socio-economic characteristics on their level of participation in Participatory Research and Extension Approach (PREA) activities in Borno State, Nigeria. Data were obtained from 605 respondents selected through multistage and proportionate sampling procedures. Discriminant analysis was used to analyze the collected data. The dicriminant function coefficients (b) revealed positive contribution for the variables: age (b=0.292), education (b=0.257), marital status (b=0.232), land ownership status (b=0.232) and contact point with extension agent (b=0.729). However, negative coefficients were obtained for the variables: gender (b= -0.170), agricultural production motive (b= -0.241), land tenure system (b= -0.193), farming experience (b= -0.273) and farm size (b = -0.117). Based on low values of the Wilks’ Lambda (w), high coefficients for F-ratio (F) and relatively large absolute canonical correlation coefficients (s)  the result revealed that ‘contact point with the extension agent’ (w=0.960; F=102.766; s=0.751) ‘land ownership status’ (w=0.972; F=71.566; s=0.631) and years of farming experience (w=0.897; F=31.366; s=0.396) are the highest discriminating variables and make significant contribution as discriminators between the different levels of participation in PREA. The study recommended the need to attune PREA to the socio-economic and cultural milieu of Borno State and improve on the level of farmers’ education, ensure steady access to extension services and more equitable land tenure arrangement. <#LINE#> @ @ Madukwe M.C., Multivariate Analysis for Agricultural Extension Research. In Oluwo, T.A.(ed). Research Methods in Agricultural Extension, Publication of the Agricultural Extension Society of Nigeria, 206-236 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ellis-Jones J., PROSABs’  Experiences with PREA and Discussion points for the Future, Paper Presented at a Workshop for Policy Makers in Borno State, Borno State Hotel, Maiduguri, 5th,April (2006) @No $ @ @ Mutsaers H.J.W., Weber J.K., Walker P. and Fisher N.M., A Field Guide for On-Farm Experimentation, IITA/CTA/ISNAR. 220-223 (1997) @No $ @ @ Awh R.Y. and Water, D.A., Discriminant Analysis of Economic, Demographic and Attitudinal Characteristics of Bank Charge- Card holders: A Case Study, The Jon. of Fin., 29(3), 973-980 (1974) @No $ @ @ Gwary, M. M.,Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Participatory Research and Extension Approach in Promoting Sustainable Agriculture in Borno State, Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis,Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria (2008) @No $ @ @ National Population Census, National Population Census Results, National Population Commission, Abuja, Nigeria (2006) @No $ @ @ Agboola T., The participation of the Rural Poor in Rural Development: A Theoretical Construct, Jon. of Econ. and Soc. Stud.,  30(2), 167-176 (1988) @No $ @ @ Osuntogun C.A., A Statistical Study of some Determinants of Membership Participation in Western Nigeria Rural Credit Cooperatives, Bulletin of Rural Econ. and Soc.9.1:1974/75, 15-22 (1975) @No $ @ @ Croxton S. and Murvira, K., Participatory Technology Development and Dissemination.  A Case Study from Chivi, Zimbabwe. Paper prepared for NRI/ODA Forum: Participatory Technology Development, Aberdane Country Club, Kenya, 14-17 April, 1997, Chatham, U.K. National Resources Institute. Development: Is participation in post-modern concept? London, ODI ,Working paper, 119 (1997) @No $ @ @ Rach T.D., Na S.I. and Paulson C.E., Variables Associated with Adoption and Non-adoption of Pesticides by Plantain Farmers in the Dominican Republic. Proceedings of the 11thAnnual Conference of Association for International Agricultural and Extension Education, Washington, D.C.  24-28th March (1993) @No $ @ @ Doppler W., Farming and Rural Systems Approaches, Published Lecturing Material. Hohenhei (2002) @No 
<#LINE#>Frustration among University Students in Pakistan <#LINE#>Gulzar@Shazia,Yahya@Farzan,Nauman@Muhammad,Mir@Zarak,SyedHassaan@Mujahid<#LINE#>7-15<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJSS-2012-058.pdf<#LINE#>Lahore Business School, The University of Lahore. PAKISTAN<#LINE#>01/11/2012<#LINE#>16/11November/1/<#LINE#>  The focus of this paper is about identifying the reactions, feelings and causes of frustration among university students of Pakistan. Frustrating situations occur recurrently throughout the life. Nevertheless, it must not be allowed to achieve the upper hand. The sample of the study has comprised of 120 individuals including boys (n=78) and girls (n=42) from different universities of Lahore city. A questionnaire has designed as a data collection instrument which included close-ended questions. Reliability of Scale shows =0.855, so scale can be considered as trustworthy. Results are presented graphically, descriptively and inferentially. Chi-Square test has applied to verify demographics association with research questions. Results shows that greater academic demands from parents and losing or death of love ones are chief cause of frustration among students. Moreover, there are many feelings of frustration that had observed. Enduring depressed mood, crying spells, loss of interest or pleasure, decrease in aptitude level, feeling fatigue and feeling of anger or vengeance are dominant feelings among students during frustration. Furthermore, as a reaction to frustration mostly students face difficulty in making right decisions. Departing from friends and family has also examined in students as a reaction to frustration. Additionally, overall results about duration of frustration among university students have detected that most of the students face frustration for less than one month. The results of the study have been discussed in the light of particular Pakistani culture. <#LINE#> @ @ Ripley G.D., Student health service at a college of further education, Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 22(116), 169-171 (1972) @No $ @ @ Ciaccio J., A teacher’s chance for immortality, Education Digest, 65(6), 44-48 (2000) @No $ @ @ Zhang J., Students Affordability of Setbacks in the Independent Colleges of the Western Region: Current Situation and Countermeasures, Journal of Guangxi Youth Leaders College(1), 26-29 (2008) @No $ @ @ Mandler G., Mind and Emotion, New York: Wiley (1975) @No $ @ @ Evans G.W. andWener R.E., Rail commuting duration and passenger stress,Health Psychology,25, 408-412 (2006) @No $ @ @ Hennessy D.A. and Wiesenthal D.L., Traffic congestion, driver stress, and driver aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 25(6), 409-423 (1999) @No $ @ @ Dollard J., Doob L., Miller N., Mowrer O. and Sears Rn., Frustration and Aggression, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press (1999) @No $ @ @ Miller N.E., The frustration-aggression hypothesis,Psychological Review,48, 337-342 (1941) @No $ @ @ Dill J.C. and Anderson C.A., Effects of frustration justification on hostile aggression, Aggressive Behavior, 21, 359–369 (1995) @No $ @ @ Verona E. and Curtin J.J., Gender differences in the negative affective priming of aggressive behavior, Emotion, 6(1), 115-124 (2006) @No $ @ @ Spacapan S. and Cohen S., Effects and aftereffects of stressor expectations, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(6), 1243-1254(1983) @No $ @ @ Motowidlo S.J., Packard, J.S., and Manning M.R., Occupational Stress: Its Causes and Consequences for Job Performance, Journal of Applied Psychology71(4), 618-629 (1986) @No $ @ @ Zhang Q., An Exploration of Frustration Education for Adolescence and Counter measures, Ethnic Educ. Study17(5), 11-15 (2006) @No $ @ @ Costa P.T., and McCrae R.R., Bullish on personality psychology, The Psychologist(9), 302-303 (1993) @No $ @ @ Brackney B. and Karabenick S., Psychopathology and academic performance: The role of motivation and learning strategies, Journal of counseling Psychology. 42(4), 456-465 (1995) @No $ @ @ Kitzrow M. A., The mental health needs of today's college students: Challenges and recommendations, NASPA J, 41(1), 165-179 (2003) @No $ @ @ Sun Y.S., Frustration Tolerance of University Students and Countermeasures for Its Enhancement, Journal of Southwest Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition), 6(4), 200-203 (2008) @No $ @ @ Dai L.J., Fresh Students Endurance on Frustration and Solution, Journal of Harbin University, 30(3), 142-144 (2009) @No $ @ @ Halford W.K., Markman H.J., Stanley S., and Kline G., Best practice in relationship education, Journal of marital and family therapy, 2(3), 385-406 (2003) @No $ @ @ Graig E., Stress as the consequence of the urban physical environment, In L. Goldberger and S. Breznitz (Eds.), Handbook of Stress: Theoretical and clinical aspects (2ndEd.) New York: Free Press (1993) @No $ @ @ Lewandowski C.A., Organizational factors contributing to worker frustration, The precursor to burnout, Journal to Sociology and Social Welfare, 30(4), 175-185 (2003) @No $ @ @ Harrington N., It’s too difficult! Frustration intolerance beliefs and procrastination, Personality and Individual Differences,39(5), 873-883 (2005) @No $ @ @ Mahon N.E., Yarcheski A., Yarcheski T.J., and Hanks M.M., Relations of low frustration tolerance beliefs with stress, depression, and anxiety in young adolescents,  Psychological Reports, 100(1), 98–100 (2007) @No $ @ @ Blair R.J.R., Psychopathy, frustration, and reactive aggression: the role of ventromedial prefrontal cortex, British Journal of Psychology, 101(3), 383–399 (2010) @No $ @ @ Deater-Deckard K., Beekman C., Wang Z., et al., Approach/positive anticipation, frustration/anger, and overt aggression in childhood, Journal of Personality, 78(3), 991–1010 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sharma  N.R., Sunita Yadava A. andYadava N., Level of general depression among schedule caste/scheduled tribe and non scheduled caste/scheduled tribe students,Indian psychological review, 52(2), 64-68 (1999) @No $ @ @ Shoda, Y., Mischel, W., and Peake, P., Predicting adolescent cognitive and self-regulatory competencies from preschool delay of gratification: Identifying diagnostic conditions, Developmental Psychology, 26, 978-986 (1990) @No $ @ @ Campell J.S., Law and Order Reconsidered: Report of Task Force on law Enforcement to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence, New York: Banton Book (1970) @No $ @ @  Shirotriya A.K.  and Basumatary B., Occupational Stress and Frustration Tolerance of Indian Security Forces, Indian Journal of Psychometry and Education, 41(2), 214-218 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kapoor A., Burleson W. and Picard R.W., Automatic prediction of frustration, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 65, 724-736 (2007) @No $ @ @ Mc Quiggan S. W., Lee S. and Lester J.C., Early prediction of student frustration, In A. Paiva, R. Prada, and R. W. Picard (Eds.), Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction, 698-709 (2007) @No 
<#LINE#>Factors Determining Pattern of Unmet Need for Family Planning in Uttar Pradesh, India<#LINE#>Rabiul@Ansary,Md.Anisujjaman<#LINE#>16-23<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJSS-2012-059.pdf<#LINE#>Centre for the study of Regional Development, School of Social science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, INDIA @ CIPOD, School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, INDIA<#LINE#>16/11/2012<#LINE#>24/11/2012<#LINE#>  Unmet need of Family planning programmes in country indicates the gaps between demand and supply of family planning services to the couple gap between service provider and acceptors. Adaptation and implementation of any voluntary family planning programmes by Govt. of any country wishes to improve the demographic situation at that particular time. So the concept and contents of FPP is dynamic in nature which changes over times. Unmet need for spacing includes pregnant women whose pregnancy was mistimed; and unmet need for limiting refers to pregnant women whose pregnancy was unwanted in NFHS-III in India. Uttar Pradesh is one of those high alert states where unmet need for family services is as high as its surrounding states like, Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa and Chhattisgarh and most of the north eastern states. But over the time unmet need of contraception   among currently married women, is continuously declining trends. The study is lacking behind in term of all demographic aspect as compare to the national context. The outcome of my work is  that Govt. of India and particularly Uttar Pradesh have to take immediate steps to address the causes of unmet need mean to say where is the gap? Is it among service providers or service acceptors or family planning services is inadequate in Uttar Pradesh than demand? In many cases it was seen services are available but women are not using because her partner is not accepting who is the real decision maker of her fertility behaviours. One thing Govt. should have to organise frequent family planning awareness programme at the community level. Then in near future the demographic situation of Uttar Pradesh will change. <#LINE#> @ @ National Family Health Survey Report (NFHS-3), 2005–06: India: 1and 2, Mumbai: IIPS (2007) @No $ @ @ Bongaarts John, The KAP-gap and the unmet need for contraception, Population and Development Review 17,293–313 (1991) @No $ @ @ Bongaarts John and Judith Bruce,The causes of unmet need for contraception and the social content of services, Studies in Family Planning, 26, 57–75 (1995) @No $ @ @ Casterline John B., Aurora E. Perez and Ann E. Biddlecom., Factors Underlying Unmet Need for Family Planning in the Philippines, Studies in Family Planning, 28(3), 173-191 (1997) @No $ @ @ Visaria Leela., Unmet Need for Family Planning in Gujarat: A Qualitative Exploration, Economic and Political Weekly, 32,  WS29-WS36 (1997) @No $ @ @ Barrios de Asturias,  Mejia de Rodas and Yinger N.V., Unmet need for family planning in a peri-urban community of Guatemala City,International centre for research on women, 1-10  (1997) @No $ @ @ Ashford Lori., Unmet need for family planning: Recent Trends and Their Implications for Programs Population Reference Bureau, 1-8 (2003) @No $ @ @ Bankole Akinrinola and Alex Chika Ezeh., Unmet Need for Couples: An Analytical Framework and Evaluation with DHS Data, Population Research and Policy Review, 18(6), 579-605 (1999)@No $ @ @ John A. Ross and William L. Winfrey., Unmet Need for Contraception in the Developing World and the Former Soviet Union: An Updated Estimate, International Family Planning Perspectives, 28(3)(2002) @No $ @ @ Pritchett Lant., Desired fertility and the impact of population policies,  Population and Development Review 20, 1–55 (1994) @No $ @ @ Nortman L. Dorothy., Measuring the Unmet Need for Contraception to Space and Limit Births” International Family Planning Perspectives, , 125-134 (1982) @No 
<#LINE#>Efficiency of Public Distribution System in Kashmir: A Micro Economic Analysis<#LINE#>G.M.@Bhat,BhatArshad@Hussain<#LINE#>24-27<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJSS-2012-023.pdf<#LINE#> P.G. Department of Economics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, INDIA <#LINE#>08/8/2012<#LINE#>14/08/2012<#LINE#>PDS is primarily a social welfare and antipoverty programme of the Government of India. Essential commodities like rice, wheat, sugar, kerosene and the like are supplied to the people under the PDS at subsidised prices. The paper is an attempt to study the PDS system in Kashmir-often referred to as the ‘Kashmir Model’ of implementation of the food security programme which subsidizes consumers and obtains grain from farmers at prices higher than market prices. In this paper we focused on the efficiency of the PDS in Kashmir, and found that there is a lot of misappropriation of supplies in the System. There is Fair Price Shops (FPS) within a two km radius for every ration card holder. Kashmir is a region which has a comparative advantage for cash crop production and is dependent on imports mainly for food. <#LINE#> @ @ Brij Pal, Organization And Working Of Public Distribution System In India: A Critical Analysis, Research On Humanities And Social Sciences1(1) (2011) @No $ @ @ Shreya Srivastava, Public Distribution System Under The National Food Security Bill: A Hit or A Miss, International Journal Of Contemporary Laws, 1(1) (2011) @No $ @ @ Shekhar Gaikwad, Scheme For Home Delivery Of Food grains A Successful Experiment Under Public Distribution System, Yashwantrao Chavan Academy Of Development Administration Rajbhavan Complex, Baner Road, Pune - 411 007 (2010) @No $ @ @ Roopa Sharma, Drafting A Food Security Law For The Fasting And The Feasting India, Nalsar Law Review, 6(1) (2011) @No $ @ @ Report Of The Working Group On public Distribution System And Food Security, For The Tenth Five Year Plan2002-2007)@No $ @ @  Montek Singh Ahluwalia, Performance Evaluation of Targeted Public Distribution System,Programme Evaluation Organisation Planning Commission Government of India New Delhi (2005) @No $ @ @ Shruthi Cyriac, Vishishta Sam and Naomi Jacob, The PDS System in Kerala: A Review,CCS Working Paper No. 204 Summer Research Internship Programme 2008 Centre for Civil Society (2008) @No $ @ @ Nakkiran S., A Study on the Effectiveness of Public Distribution System In Rural Tamilnadu, The Planning Commission Government of India, New Delhi, December (2004) @No $ @ @ Bhaskar Dutta, Bharat Ramaswami, Targeting and Efficiency in the Public Distribution System Case of Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra, Economic and Political Weekly May 5 ( 2001) @No $ @ @ Reetika Khera, Trends in Diversion of Grain from the Public Distribution System, Economic and Political Weekly May 21, (xlvi) (21) (2011) @No
<#LINE#>School Dropout across Indian States and UTs: An Econometric Study<#LINE#>Basumatary@Rupon<#LINE#>28-35<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJSS-2012-061.pdf<#LINE#>  Amguri College and Research Scholar, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, INDIA <#LINE#>27/11/2012<#LINE#>5/12/2012<#LINE#>  School dropout depends upon various factors such as poverty level, distance of school from home, transport facilities, quality of teachers, social environment and many other factors. The present study is a quantitative analysis of school dropout rate, which is regressed on various variables referred to as factors here. The data for school dropout rates and many other variables across Indian states and UTs are considered for the session 2009-10. The study found statistically significant impact of state poverty level and the rural populations.   <#LINE#> @ @ Chandrasekhar C P, Ghosh Jayati and  Roychowdhury Anamitra, The Demographic Dividend and Young India’s Economic Future, Economic and Political Weekly, XLI(49), 5055-5064 (2006) @No $ @ @ Govindaraju R. and Venkatesan S., A Study on School Drop-outs in Rural Settings, J Psychology, ), 47-53 2010) @No $ @ @  Reddy Anugula N and Sinha Shantha, School Dropouts or Pushouts? Overcoming Barriers for the Right to Education, NUEPA, 3 (2010) @No $ @ @ Daily News and Analysis, India, online: http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_rte-report-card-dropout-rate-in-schools-falls_1669959 ,, April 1 (2012) accessed on October 30, 2012   @No $ @ @  Times of India, http://articles. timesofindia. indiatimes. com/2012-04-01/india/31269828_1_rte-provisions-dropout-rate-teacher-student-ratio , April 1, (2012) accessed on October 30, 2012  @No $ @ @  Sikdar Satadru and Mukherjee Anit N., Enrolment and Dropout Rate in School Education,  Economic and Political Weekly,Vol XLVII  No. 1, 27-31(2012) @No $ @ @ Hunt Frances, Dropping Out of schools: A cross country Review of literature, NUPEA May, 7 (2008) @No $ @ @ Veerle Dieltiens and Sarah Meny-Gibert, School drop-out: Poverty and patterns of exclusion, South African Child Gauge (2008/2009) retrieved from http://ci.org.za/depts/ci/pubs/pdf/g eneral/gauge 2008/part_ two/exclusion.pdf, 46-49 (2012) @No $ @ @ School drop-out:Poverty and patterns of exclusion, SOUTH AFRICAN CHILD GAUGE 2008/2009 retrieved from http://ci.org.za/depts/ci /pubs/pdf/g eneral/gauge 2008/part_ two/exclusion.pdf., 46-49 (2012) @No $ @ @ Education Encyclopedia, State University, School Dropouts - Extent of the Problem, Factors Associated with Early School Leaving, Dropout Prevention Programs and Their Effects, Online: http:// education.  stateuniversity. com/pages /1921 /Dropouts-School. html accessed on 20th November, (2012) @No $ @ @ Do it yourself staff, Making a Difference - Ways To Lower Drop Out Rates http:// www. doityourself. com/stry /lowerdropoutrates  accessed on October 25, (2012) @No $ @ @ Education Encyclopedia, State University http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/1921/ Dropouts-School.html  accessed on November 20, (2012) @No $ @ @ Ricardo, Sabates, Hossain, Altaf and Lewin, Keith M, School Drop Out in Bangladesh: New Insights from Longitudinal Evidence, CREATE PATHWAYS TO ACCESS, Research Monograph 49, 9 (2010) retrieved from http://www.create-rpc.org/pdf_documents/PTA49.pdf. @No $ @ @  Choudhury, Amit, Revisiting Dropouts- Old Issues, Fresh Perspectives, Economic and Political Weekly, XLI(51),5257-5263 (2006) @No $ @ @ Rena Ravinder, Factors Affecting The Enrollment And The Retention Of Students At Primary Education In Andhra Pradesh – A Village, Essay in Education, 22, 102-112 (2007) @No $ @ @ Elementary Education for all in India – a Myth, 10 November (2006) cited in Rena Ravinder, Factors Affecting The Enrollment And The Retention Of Students At Primary Education In Andhra Pradesh – A Village, Essay in Education, 22, 102-112 (2007) @No $ @ @ Sengupta, Piyali and Guha, Jaba, Enrolment, Dropout and Grade Completion of Girl Children in West Bengal, Economic and Political Weekly, XXXVII(17), 1621-1637(2002) @No $ @ @ Kumar Rana And Das Samantak, Primary Education in Jharkhand, Economic and Political Weekly, XXXIX(11), 1172-1178 (2004) @No 
@Research Article
<#LINE#>Prevalence and Pattern of Tobacco Consumption in India <#LINE#>Preeti@Soni,D.K.@Raut<#LINE#>36-43<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJSS-2012-057.pdf<#LINE#> Institution: VMMCand Safdarjung Hospital, AIIMS, New Delhi, INDIA @ Department of Community Medicine, VMMCand Sfdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, INDIA<#LINE#>1/11/2012<#LINE#> 24/11/2012<#LINE#>  The recent epidemic of drug abuse has been recognized as one of the major problems facing the human race, both in the developing and the developed countries. India is equally affected by this malaise which is slowly threatening the very base of our society- individual, family and social relationship leading to weakening of social solidarity and integration. The problem of drug abuse is no longer confined to small segments of population, but has captivated and affected the people from all walks of life. The poor use it to escape from the horrendous realities of life loaded against them and the rich consume these substances as an extension of the “western enjoy culture. The selective use of drugs has degenerated into increasing abuse, dependence and crime among the younger generation.Of the various drugs abused, the most widely distributed and commonly used drug in the world is ‘Tobacco’. Many social, economic and political factors have contributed to the global spread of tobacco consumption. This article gives a global overview of prevalence and patterns of tobacco consumption with special focus on India. It highlights the risks of exposure of tobacco for both adults and adolescents. It also focuses on the impact of tobacco use on human right, ecology and economy of the country. <#LINE#> @ @ Ramakrishna G.S., Sarma P and Thankappan K.R., Tobacco Use among Medical Students in Orissa,  Natl Med J India,18, 285-99 (2005) @No $ @ @ Reddy K.S. and Arora M., Tobacco Use among Children in India: A Burgeoning Epidemic, Indian journal of Paediatric,42, 757-761 (2005) @No $ @ @ Rahul S., Vijay L., Grover S. and Chaturved A., Tobacco Use among Adolescent Students and the Influence of Role Models. New Delhi: Department of Community Medicine, UCMS and GTB Hospital, India (2009) @No $ @ @ Sen U., Tobacco Use in Kolkata, LifelineNewsletter,8, 7-9 (2002) @No $ @ @ Shoba J. and Vaite S., Tobacco and Poverty: Observations from India and Bangladesh, Canada: Path (2002) @No $ @ @ Sinha D.N., Gupta P.C., Pednekar M.S., Jones J.T and Warren C.V., Tobacco Use among School Personnel in Bihar, India, Tobacco Control,11, 82-5 (2002) @No $ @ @ Sinha D.N., Global Youth Tobacco Survey in Uttar Pradesh, India. http://www.searo.who.int/Link. Accessed: 1.6.2009(2002) @No $ @ @ Bhojani U.M., Chander S.J and Devadasan, N., Tobacco Use and Related Factors among Pre-University Students in A College In Bangalore, India. National Medical J. India,22, 294-7 (2009) @No $ @ @ Conrad K.M., Flay B.R and Hill D., Why Children Start Smoking Cigarettes: Predictors of Onset. British J Addiction, 87, 17-24 (1992) @No $ @ @ Chaudhary K., Prabhakar A.K., Prabhakaran P.S., Prasad A., Singh K. and Singh A., Prevalence of Tobacco Use in Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh In India. New Delhi: Indian Council of Medical Research and WHO (2001) @No $ @ @ Chadda R.K and Sengupta S.N., Tobacco Use by Indian Adolescents Tobacco Induced Diseases. Disease and Control, 1, 42-56 (2008) @No $ @ @ Chakraborty A.K., Smoking and Drug-Abuse among the Newly Admitted Students of Medical Colleges In West Bengal. Indian J Public Health, 25, 30-45 (2009) @No $ @ @ Daftary D.K., Bhonsle R.B., Murthi R.B., Pindborg J.J and Mehta F.S., An Oral Lichen Planus-Like Lesion in Indian Betel-Tobacco Chewers, Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research.8, 244-9 (1980) @No $ @ @ Gowda M., The Story of Pan Chewing In India, Botanical Museum Leaflets,14, 181-214 (1951) @No $ @ @ Gupta P.C., Mehta F.S., Irani R.R., Comparison of mortality rates among bidi smokers and tobacco chewers, Indian J. Cancer, 17(3), 149–151 (1989) @No $ @ @ Aghi M.B., Psychological Aspects of Acquitting and Cessation of Tobacco Habits in India, World Smoking Health, 55(12), 4-7 (1982) @No $ @ @ Anantha N., Nandakumar A., Vishwanath N., Venkatesh T., Pallad Y.G and Manjunath P., Efficacy of an Anti-Tobacco Community Program in India. Cancer Causes and Control6, 119-29 (1995) @No $ @ @ Atlanta G. and Georgia M., Health and Human Services, Public Health Service,64, 236-278 (1995) @No $ @ @ Abrahamson E. and Mizrahi R., Social Network Effects on the Extent of Innovation Diffusion, A Computer Simulation. Organization Science, 8(3), 289-309 (1997) @No $ @ @ Aghi M., Asma S., Yeong C. and Vaithinathan R., Initiation and maintenance of tobacco use. Women and the Tobacco Epidemic: Challenges for the 21st Century. Geneva: WHO (2001) @No $ @ @ Arora M., The Tobacco Journey: Seeds of A Menace.Health for the Millions,29, 30-46 (2003) @No $ @ @ Arora M. and Reddy K.S., Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), Tobacco Control in India. Indian Journal of Social Sciences, 42, 850-85 (2005) @No $ @ @ Avinash P., Tekade Venkata V., Silpa G.S., Latif B., Vijay Sarathi Y., A study on tobacco consumption in various forms among the tobacco field workers. International Journal of Biological and Medical Research, 3(2), 1509-1511(2012) @No $ @ @ Bogolub E.B., Tobacco: The Neglected Addiction, Journal of Social Work35(1), 77-89 (1990) @No $ @ @ Bhonsle R.B., Murti P.R and Gupta P.C., Primary Prevention Trial in India: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study. Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine. 21, 433-9 (1992) @No $ @ @ National Sample Survey Organisation, A Note on Consumption of Tobacco in India. Sarvekshana, A Journal of the National Sample Survey Organization,21, 69-100 (1998) @No $ @ @ Novotny, T and Zhao, F. Consumption and Production Waste: Another Externality of Tobacco Use. Tobacco Control, 75, 66-80. (1999) @No $ @ @ Nyo Nyo Kaying., A Study of Socio economics Determinants of Tobacco Use, Tobacco and Health, 56, 22-34 (2003) @No $ @ @ Narain R., Sardana S., Gupta S. and Sehgal A., Age at Initiation and Prevalence of Tobacco Use among School Children In Noida, India: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Based Survey, The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 133(3), 300–307 (2011) @No $ @ @ Osterweis M., McLaughlin C.J., Manasse H.R and Hopper C.L., Power, Policy and Politics, Health and Tobacco, 77, 66-89 (1996) @No $ @ @ Poland B., Frohlich K., Haines., R. J., Mykhalovskiy E., Rock M and Sparks R. J., The Social Context of Smoking: The Next Frontier in Tobacco Control? 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<#LINE#>Sikhism: Fusion of Socio-Spiritual Concerns<#LINE#>Arvinder@Singh<#LINE#>44-47<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJSS-2012-062.pdf<#LINE#>  Department of Political Science, Ramgarhia College, Phagwara, Punjab, INDIA <#LINE#>30/11/2012<#LINE#>2/12/2012<#LINE#>  In the fifteenth century, Guru Nanak laid the foundation of Sikhism which is being regarded as one of the youngest religion in the world. Sikh Gurus brought change in the age old viewpoint towards life. They gave life affirming religion and repudiated the life negating spiritual path. They socialized the religion. To them, religion is not a set of abstract, mystic transcendental, and rigorous religious dogmas. In Sikhism, life for an individual is a rare opportunity of merger of free will of an individual with an Infinite and Supreme Will (God).  To Sikh Gurus, life cannot be divided in water tight compartments. Religious doctrines, institutions and socio-spiritual ethics must address to the physical and spiritual needs of man. <#LINE#> @ @ Singh Dewan, Guru Nanak's Message in Jap Ji. Amritsar: Singh Brothers, 18 (1991) @No $ @ @ Singh Kharak, Guru Nanak in History of Religious Thought in Recent Researches In Sikhism, Jasbir Singh Mann and Kharak Singh (ed.). Patiala: Publication Bureau, Punjabi University,74 (2002) @No $ @ @ Singh Harbans,  Degh Tegh Fateh. Chandigarh: Alam Publishing House, 41 (1986) @No $ @ @  Singh Harbans, Degh Tegh Fateh. Chandigarh: Alam Publishing House,  30  (1986) @No $ @ @ Mohan N. Muthu., Sikhism: Futurist Vision of a Classless Social Order, The Sikh Review,50(579),  27 (2002) @No $ @ @ Singh Harbans,  Degh Tegh Fateh. Chandigarh: Alam Publishing House, 46 (1986) @No $ @ @ Singh Nirbhai,  Philosophy of Sikhism. New Delhi: Atlantic Publisher and Distributors, 260 (1990) @No $ @ @ Singh Nirbhai,  Philosophy of Sikhism. New Delhi: Atlantic Publisher and Distributors, 212 (1990) @No $ @ @ Gandhi Surjit Singh, History of Sikh Gurus Retold, New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers, , 139 (2009) @No $ @ @ Grewal J.S., Guru Nanak Some of His Key Concepts.Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 16 (1971) @No $ @ @ Ahluwalia Jasbir Singh,  Sociological Role of Sikhism in Perspectives on Sikh Polity, Kehar Singh (ed.). New Delhi: Dawn Publishers's Distributors,74 (1993) @No $ @ @ Singh Daljeet, Sikh Theory of Evolution: Haumain and Problem of Hermeneutics in Sikhism Its Phiosophy and History, Daljeet Singh and Kharak Singh (ed.). Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 62 (1997) @No $ @ @ Ahluwalia Jasbir Singh, Religious And Secular Polity in Sikhism in Perspectives on Sikh Polity, Kehar Singh (ed.). New Delhi: Dawn Publishers's Distributors, 69-70 (1993) @No $ @ @ Sri Guru Granth Sahib, 366 (1708) @No $ @ @ Sri Guru Granth Sahib825 (1708) @No $ @ @ Sri Guru Granth Sahib, 824 (1708) @No $ @ @ Sri Guru Granth Sahib, 628 (1708) @No $ @ @ Gill Rattan Singh, Guru Nanak's Ideal of Growth in Studies in Guru Nanak. Ajit Singh and Rajinder Singh (ed.). Delhi: National Book Shop, , 55 (1986) @No $ @ @ Singh Harjeet, Faith and Philosophy of Sikhism. Delhi: Kalpaz Publications, 130 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sidhu Sarjeet Singh, Uniqueness of Guru Nanak's Philosophy: Revelation or Philosophy? Understanding Sikhism-The Research Journal,13(1-2), 14 (2011) @No $ @ @ Singh Kharak, Saint-Soldiers in Sikhism and Its Philosophy and History, Daljeet Singh and Kharak Singh (ed.). Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 119-120 (1997) @No $ @ @ Ray Niharranjan, Gurus of the Sikhs: One Vision, One Mission, The Sikh Review,  http://www. sikhreview. org/pdf/april2004/pdf-files/philo2.pdf&#x-3.3;女 52, 604 (2004) @No $ @ @ Mohan N. Muthu, Inner Dynamics of Guru Granth Sahib The Sikh Review, http://www. sikhreview. org/pdf/ april2003/pdf-files/theo.pdf 51, 592 (2003) @No $ @ @ Singh Dharam, Sikh Spirit and the Global Society. The Sikh Review, http://www. sikhreview. org/pdf/october 2003/pdf-files/philo.pdf&#x-3.3;女 51, 598 (2003) @No $ @ @ Bala Shashi, Uniqueness of Guru Nanak’s Philosophy: Difference from Vedanta Philosophy, Understanding Sikhism-The Research Journal,13(1-2), 32 (2011) @No $ @ @ Singh Kharak, The Religion of The Sabad Guru, Abstracts of Sikh Studies 6(4), 11-12 (2004) @No $ @ @ Singh Daljeet, Sikhism: A Miri Piri System in Recent Researches in Sikhism, Jasbir Singh Mann and Kharak Singh (ed.). Patiala: Publication Bureau, Punjabi University, 49 (2002) @No $ @ @ Bhalla Kartar Singh, Let's Know Sikhism. New Delhi: Star Publications, 24 (2002) @No $ @ @ Sodhi S.S. Khalsacentrism: A Life Affirming System. The Sikh Review, 58:4, No. 676, 17 (2010) @No $ @ @ Singh Harjeet, Faith and Philosophy of Sikhism. Delhi: Kalpaz Publications, 300 (2010) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Causes of Musculo-Skeletal Disorder in Textile Industry<#LINE#>Meenaxi@Tiwari,Sudha@Babel<#LINE#>48-50<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJSS-2012-041.pdf<#LINE#> Deptt.of Textiles and Apparel designing College of home science, MPUAT, Udaipur, (Raj.), INDIA <#LINE#>20/9/2012<#LINE#>1/12/2012<#LINE#>  Poor work pattern and working environment gives unnecessary physical efforts, which reduce efficiency and productivity also. Sustaining any static posture, such as sitting, increases the demand on the muscles, ligaments, and other soft tissues of the musculoskeletal system. It is not surprising then that overall discomfort and pain in the back, neck, and shoulders are common symptoms reported by workers who sit for most of their workday. Sitting alters the normal curvature of the spine and puts pressure on the discs. With prolonged sitting this pressure can cause compression of the discs. These resulting chronic back pain and possible nerve damage can impact on workers ability degeneration of the cervical spine, sometimes known as cervical spondylitis, can have serious consequences. Compression of the spinal cord at the level of cervical spine can take place, resulting in weakness and wasting of the upper limbs. This may then spread to the lower limbs. high percentages were suffered from MSDs commonly associated with poor ergonomic design in the workplace. MSDs commonly associated with poor ergonomic design in the workplace. Without the application of ergonomic principles, tools, machines, equipment, and workstations are often designed without much consideration of the fact that people are of all different heights, shapes, and sizes and have different levels of strength. It is important to consider these differences in order to protect worker's health and comfort. Without the application of ergonomic principles, workers are often forced to adapt themselves to poor working conditions.  <#LINE#> @ @ Work-related neck and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders - Agency report (2000) @No $ @ @ Choobineh. Alireza, Mohammadali Lahmi and Mostafa Hosseini. A 10º forward-slop in Workstation Design in Carpet Hand-Weaving. International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics, 10(4), 411-424 (2004) @No $ @ @ Gupta A, Sinha S. and Chaudhary A.R., Global Scenario of industrial low back pain with special emphasis on Indian profile, Every man’s science, XL(3), 197-202 (2005) @No $ @ @ Health and Safety Executive (United Kingdom) - Getting to grips with manual handling: http://www.hse.gov.uk/ pubns/indg143.pdf, http://osha.europa.eu/topics/msds http:// hwi.osha.europa.eu/ra_tools_checklists/industry_sector/checklist_textil_clothing_leather (2012) @No $ @ @ http://www.ergonomics4schools.com/lzone/work.htm (2012) @No $ @ @ European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, 4th European Working Conditions Survey (2005) @No $ @ @ Wang X.R., Eisen E.A., Zhang H.X., Sun B.X., Dai H.L., Pan L.D., Wegman D.H., Olenchock S.A., Christiani D.C., Respiratory symptoms and cotton dust exposure: results of 15 year follow up observation Occup and Environ Med., 60, 935-941(2003) @No $ @ @ http://osha.europa.eu/publications/reports (2012) @No $ @ @ ILO: Clothing and textiles, http://www.ilo.org/public /english/protection/safework/gender/trade_union/chapter5.pdf(2012) @No $ @ @ Artaria R., Settimi L., Tintorie e stamperie di tessuti in Sicurezza del lavoro nel settore tessile, (proceedings of the seminar organised by ISPESL), Dipartimento Documentazione, Informazione e Formazione within the 2nd Congress, ‘Tessile e Salute’ (2002) @No $ @ @ WHO (2005) Guideline for Air Quality WHO. Available at: www.who.int. Sullivan JB, Krieger GR (Hazardous Materials Toxicology, Clinical Principles of Environment Health. Williams and Wilkins (1992) @No $ @ @ Wernli K.J., Astrakianakis G., Camp J.E., Ray R.M., Chang C.K., Li G.D., Thomas D.B., Checkoway H. and Seixas N.S., development of a job exposure matrix (jem) for the textile industry in shanghai, china, j. occup. environ. hyg.,3, 521-52 (2006) @No