@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Performance of mixing ratios on the volume of biogas in a batch reactor<#LINE#>Alhraishawi@Ali Abdulzahra ,Alkhalidi@Murtadha Mohammed Abdulridha  <#LINE#>1-9<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJEngS-2019-002.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Misan University, Iraq@Department Chemical Sciences, College of Sciences, Misan University, Iraq<#LINE#>8/1/2019<#LINE#>2/4/2019<#LINE#>Sustainable technologies to reduce and eliminate biological waste into a useful form of energy is anaerobic therapy (ADBut anaerobic digestion has some drawbacks in the case of the mono-system (mono-digestion); therefore, it is preferable to use the participation in digestion (ACoD) of different wastes to improve the performance of digestion of wastes. In this study, the work was divided into two stages, the first stage included anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and sewage at different ratios based on weight while the second stage was performed based on the best mixing ratios in the first stage based on volume. Moreover, a batch reactor was utilized for co-fermentation under mesophilic temperature with hydraulic retention times 21 days for each stage. The results indicated that the pure food waste and co-substrates with higher food waste content increased biogas production compared to sludge digestion in both stages. Furthermore, the biogas yield increased at ratios (1:0, 7:3) (FW > SS) compared to mono sludge (low organic content), also all parameters value has found have a positive effect compared with mono sludge.<#LINE#>Maragkaki A., Fountoulakis M., Gypakis A., Kyriakou A., Lasaridi K. and Manios T. (2017).@Pilot-scale anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge with agro-industrial by-products for increased biogas production of existing digesters at wastewater treatment plants.@Waste management, 59, 362-370.@Yes$Gunaseelan V.N. (1997).@Anaerobic digestion of biomass for methane production: a review.@Biomass and Bioenergy, 13(1-2), 83-114.@Yes$Mart&iacute;n-Gonz&aacute;lez L., Colturato L., Font X. and Vicent T. (2010).@Anaerobic co-digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste with FOG waste from a sewage treatment plant: recovering a wasted methane potential and enhancing the biogas yield.@Waste management, 30(10), 1854-1859.@Yes$Zhang H., Gu J., Sun W., Gao H. and Wang X. (2012).@Effects of different rations of materials on biogas production, VFA and the activity of dehedrogenase during anaerobic process.@Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 31(2), 422-427.@Yes$Dai X., Duan N., Dong B. and Dai L. (2013).@High-solids anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and food waste in comparison with mono digestions: stability and performance.@Waste management, 33(2), 308-316.@Yes$Angelidaki I., Ellegaard L. and Ahring B.K. (2003).@Applications of the anaerobic digestion process Biomethanation II, Springer, 1-33.@undefined@Yes$Gamble K.J., Houser J.B., Hambourger M.S. and Hoepfl M.C. (2014).@Anaerobic Digestion from the Laboratory to the Field: An Experimental Study into the Scalability of Anaerobic Digestion.@Appalachian State University.@Yes$Tafdrup S. (1994).@Centralized biogas plants combine agricultural and environmental benefits with energy production.@Water Science and Technology, 30(12), 133.@Yes$Mata-Alvarez J., Dosta J., Mac&eacute; S. and Astals S. (2011).@Codigestion of solid wastes: a review of its uses and perspectives including modeling.@Critical reviews in biotechnology, 31(2), 99-111.@Yes$Murto M., Bj&ouml;rnsson L. and Mattiasson B. (2004).@Impact of food industrial waste on anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and pig manure.@Journal of environmental management, 70(2), 101-107.@Yes$Xiao-jiao W., Gai-he Y., Yong-zhong F., Guang-xin R., Xin-hui H. and Zi-lin S. (2011).@Anaerobic co-digestion effects of manure and straw and analysis of influencing factors.@Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 30(12), 2594-2601.@Yes$Veenstra S. (2000).@Wastewater treatment I. Delft: International Institute for Infrastructure.@Hydraulics and Environmental Engineering (IHE Delft).@Yes$Purwantoro D., Nayono S.E. and Hidayah R. (2012).@Anaerobic treatment of septic tanks&apos;sludge within the frame of integrated water resource management.@@Yes$Part C.F.R. (1995).@503,\" Standards for the Use or Disposal of Sewage Sludge.@Code of Federal Regulations.@Yes$Khalid A., Arshad M., Anjum M., Mahmood T. and Dawson L. (2011).@The anaerobic digestion of solid organic waste.@Waste management, 31(8), 1737-1744.@Yes$Clemens J., Trimborn M., Weiland P. and Amon B. (2006).@Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions by anaerobic digestion of cattle slurry.@Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 112(2-3), 171-177.@Yes$Amon T., Amon B., Kryvoruchko V., Bodiroza V., P&ouml;tsch E. and Zollitsch W. (2006).@Optimising methane yield from anaerobic digestion of manure: effects of dairy systems and of glycerine supplementation.@Paper presented at the International Congress Series.@Yes$Das A. and Mondal C. (2016).@Biogas production from Co-digestion of substrates: A Review.@International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 5(1), 49-57.@Yes$A&#287;da&#287; O.N. and Sponza D.T. (2007).@Co-digestion of mixed industrial sludge with municipal solid wastes in anaerobic simulated landfilling bioreactors.@Journal of Hazardous Materials, 140(1-2), 75-85.@Yes$Cristancho D.E. and Arellano A.V. (2006).@Study of the operational conditions for anaerobic digestion of urban solid wastes.@Waste management, 26(5), 546-556.@Yes$Hills D.J. (1979).@Effects of carbon: nitrogen ratio on anaerobic digestion of dairy manure.@Agricultural wastes, 1(4), 267-278.@Yes$Fischer J.R., Iannotti E. and Fulhage C. (1983).@Production of methane gas from combinations of wheat straw and swine manure.@Transactions of the ASAE, 26(2), 546-548.@Yes$Brown D. and Li Y. (2013).@Solid state anaerobic co-digestion of yard waste and food waste for biogas production.@Bioresource technology, 127, 275-280.@Yes$Tchobanoglous G., Burton F.L. and Stensel H. (1991).@Wastewater engineering.@Management, 7, 1-4.@Yes$Zhu H., Stadnyk A., B&eacute;land M. and Seto P. (2008).@Co-production of hydrogen and methane from potato waste using a two-stage anaerobic digestion process.@Bioresource technology, 99(11), 5078-5084.@Yes$Iacovidou E., Ohandja D.-G. and Voulvoulis N. (2012).@Food waste co-digestion with sewage sludge-realising its potential in the UK.@Journal of environmental management, 112, 267-274.@Yes$Carr&egrave;re H., Dumas C., Battimelli A., Batstone D., Delgen&egrave;s J., Steyer J. and Ferrer I. (2010).@Pretreatment methods to improve sludge anaerobic degradability: a review.@Journal of Hazardous Materials, 183(1-3), 1-15.@Yes$Ahring B.K. (2003).@Perspectives for anaerobic digestion@Biomethanation I, Springer, 1-30.@Yes$Ahring B. and Westermann P. (1983).@Toxicity of heavy metals to thermophilic anaerobic digestion.@European journal of applied microbiology and biotechnology, 17(6), 365-370.@Yes$Association A.P.H., Association A.W.W., Federation W.P.C. and Federation W.E. (1915).@Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater.@American Public Health Association, 2.@Yes$Bunsen R. (1857).@Gasometry: comprising the leading physical and chemical properties of gases.@Walton & Maberly.@Yes$Solli L., Bergersen O., S&oslash;rheim R. and Briseid T. (2014).@Effects of a gradually increased load of fish waste silage in co-digestion with cow manure on methane production.@Waste management, 34(8), 1553-1559.@Yes$Xu S.Y., Karthikeyan O.P., Selvam A. and Wong J.W. (2012).@Effect of inoculum to substrate ratio on the hydrolysis and acidification of food waste in leach bed reactor.@Bioresource technology, 126, 425-430.@Yes$Cervantes F.J., Pavlostathis S.G. and van Haandel A. (2006).@Advanced biological treatment processes for industrial wastewaters.@IWA publishing.@Yes$Wang Y., Wang D., Yang Q., Zeng G. and Li X. (2017).@Wastewater opportunities for denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation.@Trends in biotechnology, 35(9), 799-802.@Yes$Chen D., Guo Y., Huang R., Lu Q. and Huang J. (2010).@Pretreatment by ultra-high pressure explosion with homogenizer facilitates cellulase digestion of sugarcane bagasses.@Bioresource technology, 101(14), 5592-5600.@Yes$Eiroa M., Costa J., Alves M., Kennes C. and Veiga M.C. (2012).@Evaluation of the biomethane potential of solid fish waste.@Waste management, 32(7), 1347-1352.@Yes$Kayhanian M. and Tchobanoglous G. (1992).@Computation of C/N ratios for various organic fractions.@BioCycle (USA).@Yes$Kayhanian M. and Tchobanoglous G. (1992).@Computation of C/N ratios for various organic fractions.@BioCycle (USA).@Yes$Hu J. (2013).@Anaerobic digestion of sludge from brackish aquaculture recirculation system: CSTR performance, analysis of methane potential and phosphatase.@struvite crystallization.@Yes$Kameswari K.S.B., Kalyanaraman C., Porselvam S. and Thanasekaran K. (2012).@Optimization of inoculum to substrate ratio for bio-energy generation in co-digestion of tannery solid wastes.@Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 14(2), 241-250.@Yes$Lawal A., Dzivama A. and Wasinda M. (2016).@Effect of inoculum to substrate ratio on biogas production of sheep paunch manure.@Research in Agricultural Engineering, 62(1), 8-14.@Yes$Hashimoto A.G. (1989).@Effect of inoculum/substrate ratio on methane yield and production rate from straw.@Biological wastes, 28(4), 247-255.@Yes$Alzate M.E., Mu&ntilde;oz R., Rogalla F., Fdz-Polanco F. and P&eacute;rez-Elvira S.I. (2012).@Biochemical methane potential of microalgae: influence of substrate to inoculum ratio, biomass concentration and pretreatment.@Bioresource technology, 123, 488-494.@Yes
<#LINE#>Effect of stitch per inch (SPI) and yarn count on seam strength of twill fabric<#LINE#>Siddiquee@Md. Abu Bakar ,Hasan@Md. Zahid ,Basir@Md. Abdul  <#LINE#>10-16<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJEngS-2019-005.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Textile Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh@Dept. of Knitwear Manufacturing and Technology, BGMEA University of Fashion and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh@Department of Textile Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh<#LINE#>3/2/2019<#LINE#>3/5/2019<#LINE#>Stitch per inch (SPI) and seam strength are complex as well as important parameters in garments production. This study concern with thread count and stitch density&apos;s effect on seam strength along with non-stretch and stretch twill fabric. We also find seam efficiency and seam strength factor through this work. Breaking force as well as breaking elongation of fabric were counted by grab method and fabric strength test performed by titan (version 3) by following ISO 13934-2. For seam testing, the fabric samples used sewed by seam stitch type 301 with stitch densities SPI 8, 10 and 12 respectively. Test of seam strength performed by Titan (version 3) according to ISO 13035-2 with grab method. It is observed that SPI and thread count have significant effect on strength of seam.<#LINE#>Harpa R.O.D.I.C.A. (2011).@Quality garment by means of quality seam.@In 7th International Conference on the Management of Technological Changes, Alexandroupolis, Greece, 21-25.@Yes$Bharani M. and Mahendra G.R.V. (2012).@Characterization of seam strength and seam slippage of PC blends fabric with plain woven structure and finish.@Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 12, 7-14.@Yes$Jebali N., Babay D.A. and Ben H.M. (2016).@Modeling the overall seam quality of woven cotton fabric.@International Journal of Applied Research on Textile, 4(1), 47-61.@Yes$Chowdhary U. and Poynor D. (2006).@Impact of stitch density on seam strength, seam elongation, and seam efficiency.@International Journal of Consumer Studies, 30(6), 561-568.@Yes$Sarhan T.M.A. (2013).@Interaction between sewing thread size and stitch density and its effects on the seam quality of wool fabrics.@Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 9(8), 4548-4557.@Yes$Brnada S., Rogina-Car B. and Kovacevic S. (2016).@Influence of Woven Fabric Construction on Seam Thread Slippage.@Journal of Fiber Bioengineering and Informatics, 9(4), 213-222.@Yes$Behera B.K., Shakun S., Snrabhi S. and Choudhary S. (2000).@Comparative assessment of low stress mechanical properties and sewability of cotton and cotton banana union fabric.@Asian Textile Journal, 9(5), 49-56.@No$Mukhopadhyay A., Sikka M. and Karmakar A.K. (2004).@Impact of laundering on the seam tensile properties of suiting fabric.@International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 16(4), 394-403.@Yes$Akter M. and Khan M.R. (2015).@The effect of stitch types and sewing thread types on seam strength for cotton apparel.@International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 6(7), 198-205.@Yes$Barbulov-Popov D., Cirkovic N. and Stepanovi&#263; J. (2012).@The influence of stitch density and of the type of sewing thread on seam strength.@Tem Journal, 1(2), 104-110.@Yes$Glock R.E. and Kunz G.I. (2000).@Apparel manufacturing: Sewn product analysis.@Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.@Yes$Brown P.K. and Rice J. (2001).@Ready-to-wear apparel analysis.@Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.@Yes$Gribaa S., Ben Amar S. and Dogui A. (2006).@Influence of sewing parameters upon the tensile behavior of textile assembly.@International journal of clothing science and Technology, 18(4), 235-246.@Yes$Stepanovic J., Radivojevic D., Petrovic V. and Besic C. (2010).@Projecting of deformation characteristics of single and twisted wool yarns.@Industriatextila, 61(3), 99-105.@Yes
@Research Article
<#LINE#>Signal analysis for ground based LiDAR<#LINE#>Kumar@Ashish ,Singh@Narendra ,Singh@Anshumali <#LINE#>17-22<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJEngS-2019-008.pdf<#LINE#>Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Manora peak, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India and Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India@Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Manora peak, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India@Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India<#LINE#>23/2/2019<#LINE#>6/4/2019<#LINE#>Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is a popular and versatile tool used studying the atmospheric vertical structure and dynamics. The variations in the atmospheric constituents such as aerosols, dust, clouds, water vapor and temperature can be studied using this tool. It is the optical counterpart of the well known Radio Detection and Ranging (RaDAR). This paper presents the fundamental approaches analyzing the LiDAR signals. The language used for the signal analysis is MATLAB and the data acquisition board is of ORTEC make.<#LINE#>Tsang L., Kong J.A. and Shin R.T. (1985).@Theory of Microwave Remote Sensing.@Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1-632. ISBN: 978-04-71888-60-4.@Yes$Janssen M.A. (1993).@Atmospheric Remote Sensing by Microwave Radiometry.@John Wiley and Sons Ltd., New York, 1-592. ISBN: 978-04-71628-91-0.@Yes$Welton E.J., Voss K.J., Gordon H.R., Maring H., Smirnov A., Holben B., Schmid B., Livingston J.M., Russell P.B., Durkee P.A., Formenti P., Andrea M.O. and Dobovik O. (2000).@Ground-based lidar measurements of aerosols during ACE-2: instrument description, results, and comparisons with other ground based and airborne measurements.@Tellus, 52B(2), 636-651.@Yes$Winker D.M., Pelon J. and McCormick M.P. (2003).@The CALIPSO mission: Spaceborne lidar for observation of aerosols and clouds.@Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 4893, 1-11. doi: 10.1117/12.466539.@Yes$Measures R.M. (1984).@Laser Remote Sensing: Fundamental and Applications.@Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1-521. ISBN: 978-08-94646-19-5.@Yes$Solanki R. and Singh N. (2014).@LiDAR observations of the vertical distribution of aerosols in free troposphere: Comparison with CALIPSO level-2 data over the central Himalayas.@Atmos. Environ., 99, 227-238. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.083.@Yes$Kumar A., Singh N., Anshumali and Solanki R. (2018).@Evaluation and utilization of MODIS and CALIPSO aerosol retrievals over a complex terrain in Himalaya.@Remote Sens. Environ., 206, 139-155. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.12.019.@Yes$Bangia T., Omar A., Sagar R., Kumar A., Bhattacharjee S., Reddy A. and Kumar P. (2011).@Study of atmospheric aerosols over the central Himalayan region using a newly developed Mie light detection and ranging system: preliminary results.@Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 5(1), 053521.@Yes$Jayaraman A., Acharya Y.B., Subbaraya B.H. and Chandra H. (1995).@Nd:YAG backscatter lidar at Ahmedabad (23&deg; N, 72.5&deg; E) for tropical middle atmospheric studies.@Appl. Optics, 34(30), 6937-6940.@Yes$Spinhirne J.D. (1993).@Micro pulse lidar.@IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 31, 48-55.@Yes
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Use of underground space for future needs of Mumbai, India<#LINE#>Pandey@Vinay Kumar  <#LINE#>23-28<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJEngS-2019-006.pdf<#LINE#>Consultant Engineering Geologist cum Geotechnical, Mumbai, India<#LINE#>17/2/2019<#LINE#>13/4/2019<#LINE#>Mumbai is economical capital as well as most populated city of India and landlocked by sea. Most of the surface land obtained through filling of sea, started from mid-18th century. Mumbai&apos;s population is increasing at rapid rate and government bodies are trying to facilitate the basic infrastructures for local public. But due to limitation of open surface land, underground space is utilizing for development. Many underground projects such as drinking water supply, road and railway transportation projects are under progress. But present infrastructures look little bit, compared to population increasing rate in Mumbai and nearby areas. In this paper, tried to discussed about benefits and challenges for using underground space in Mumbai, list of present underground projects and on the basis of previous population increase rate, projected the Mumbai&apos;s future population in coming 15 years, as well as tried to short out the basic infrastructure issue by proposing the more combined utilization of underground space as multipurpose large diameter tunnel. This proposed tunnel would be beneficial in future transport as well as flood/storm water management also.<#LINE#>James V. (2013).@Marriage Customs of Christian Son Kolis.@Institute of Indian Culture, Bombay. PP 131-143. Archived copy. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 23 November2013.@No$The Gazetteer of Bombay City and Island (1909). I and II Bombay (IGNCA), 1. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.55899/page/n11.@undefined@undefined@No$Farooqui Amar (2006).@Opium city: The Making of early Victorian Bombay.@Three Essays Press. ISBN 978-81-88789-32-0.@Yes$Dwivedi Sharada and Mehrotra Rahul (2001).@Bombay: The Cities Within.@Eminence Designs. ISBN 978-81-85028-80-4.@No$Report (2012).@Once Upon a Time in Bombay.@Foreign Policy. 24 June 2011. Archived from the original on 9 January 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2012.@No$Sethna S.F. (1999).@Geology of Mumbai and surrounding area and its position in the Decan Volcanic Stratigraphy, India.@Journal Geological Society of India, 53, 359-365.@Yes$Godard Jean Paul (2004).@Urban Underground Space and Benefits of Going Underground.@World Tunnel Congress 2004 and 30th ITA General Assembly - Singapore, 22-27 May 2004, 1-9.@Yes$Report (2003).@Report on Population and Employment in Mumbai Metropolitan Region.@Published by Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA).  Sept 2003. http://www.mumbaidp24seven.in/reference/ MMRDA_Population_and_ Employment_ Profile_of_ MMR.pdf (Accessed 2019-01-30).@No$India Stats: Million plus cities in India as per Census (2011).@National Informatics Centre (NIC).@Press Information Bureau, Mumbai, Archived from the original on 30 June 2015. Retrieved 7 February 2012.@No$Report (2019).@Mumbai Population.@http://world populationreview.com/world-cities/mumbai-population/. Retrieved 02 February 2019.@No$Ryjevski Michael (2015).@Kerch Tunnel to guarantee security for crimea.@https://tunneltalk.com /Crimea -20May2015-Bored-tunnel-favoured-for-a-fixed-link-across-the-Kerch-Strait.php(Accessed 2019-03-13).@No$Mumbai Suburban Rail Network (2019).@Mumbai local train map.@https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/ mumbai/ local-train-network.html (Accessed 2019-02-10).@No