@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Application of vane shear tools to assess the shear strength of remolded clay soil<#LINE#>Ahad @Ullah,M.S. @Rahman ,Fahim @Ahammad <#LINE#>1-4<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJEngS-2016-124.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology (SUST), Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh@Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology (SUST), Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh@Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology (SUST), Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh<#LINE#>4/12/2016<#LINE#>24/1/2017<#LINE#>The un-drained shear strength of soil is of great concern in certain geotechnical engineering applications. Several methods for determining this parameter exists. Among them, vane shear test (VST) is one of the easy and simple methods which are useful for very soft to firm clay to calculate the un-drained shear strength. A substantial discrepancy between shear strength at Atterberg limits proposed by different researchers, but it known that shear strength is constant at Atterberg limits. This research is try to find the shear strengths at plastic limit (PL) and liquid limit (LL) by laboratory vane shear tools to re-appraise the un-drained shear strength at two major Atterberg limits employing on a small scale of remolded soil sample of sylhet clay. Observation showed that the un-drained shear strength is lower in the range for plastic limit and slightly higher in the range for liquid limit as compared with previous works. This study revealed that for plastic clayey soil the shear strength is almost 50 kPa at plastic limit and 5.0 kPa at the liquid limit.<#LINE#>Bozozuk M. (1972).@Downdrag Measurements on a 160-Ft Floating Pipe Test Pile in Marine Clay.@Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 9(2), 127–136.@Yes$Kvalstad T.J., Farrokh N., Kaynia A.M., Mokkelbost K.H. and Byrn P. (2005).@Soil conditions and slope stability in the Ormen Large area.@Marine and Petroleum Geology, 22(1–2), 299–310.@Yes$Yafrate N.J. and DeJong J.T. (2005).@Considerations in evaluating the remoulded un-drained shear strength from full flow penetrometer cycling.@In Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics, Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Offshore Geotechnics, Perth, Australia, 19–21 Sep. Edited by S. Gourvenec and M. Cassidy. Taylor and Francis Group, London, 991–997.@Yes$Campbell D.J. (1976).@Plastic limit determination using a drop cone penetrometer.@Journal of Soil Science, 27(3), 295-300.@Yes$Nagaraj T.S. and Jayadeva M.S. (1983).@Critical reappraisal of plasticity index of soils.@Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, 109(7), 994-1000.@Yes$Sharma B. and Bora P.K. (2003).@Plastic limit, liquid limit and undrained shear strength of soil – reappraisal.@Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, 129(8), 774– 777.@Yes$Whyte I.L. (1982).@Soil plasticity and strength – a new approach using extrusion.@Ground Engineering, 15(1), 16–20.@Yes$Wroth C.P. and Wood D.M. (1978).@The correlation of index properties with some basic engineering properties of soils.@Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 15(2), 137–145.@Yes$Kayabali K. and Tufenkci O.O. (2010).@shear strength of remolded soils at consistency limits.@Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 47(3), 259-266.@Yes$British Standards Institution (1990).@Methods of test for soils for civil en¬gineering purposes.@BS 1377, Milton Keynes, British Standards Institution.@Yes$Skemption A.W. and Northey R.D. (1953).@The sensitivity of clays. Geotechnique, 3(1), 30–53.@undefined@Yes$Norman L.E.J. (1958).@A comparison of values of liquid limit determined with appara¬tus having bases of different hardness.@Geotechnique, 8(2), 79-83.@Yes$Seed H.B., Woodward R.J. and Lundgren R. (1966).@Fundamental aspects of the At¬terberg limits.@J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., 92(SM4), 63-64.@Yes$Youssef M.F., Ramli E.l.A.H. and Demery E.l.M. (1965).@Relationships between shear strength, consolidation, liquid limit and plastic limit for remolded clays.@Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Soil Mech. Found. Eng., Montreal, 1, 126-129.@Yes$Skopek J. and Ter-Stepanian G. (1975).@Com¬parison of liquid limit values determined according to Casagrande and Vasilev.@Geotechnique, 25(1), 135-136.@Yes$Karlsson R. (1981).@Consistency limits.@In A manual for the performance and interpretation of laboratory investigations, Part 6, Swedish Council for Building Research, Stockholm, 6.@Yes$American Society for Testing Materials (2000).@Standard test methods for liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index of soils.@ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.@Yes$Federico A. (1983).@Relationships (cu–w) and (cu–s) for remolded clayey soils at high water content.@Riv Ital Geotech, 17(1), 38–41.@Yes$Wood D.M. (1985).@Index properties and conso¬lidation history.@Proc. 11th Int. Conf. On Soil Mech. and Found. Eng., San Fran¬cisco, 2, 703-706.@Yes$Medhat F. and Whyte I.L. (1986).@An appraisal of soil index tests.@Geological Society, Engineering Geology Special Publicati¬on, 2(1), 317-323.@Yes$Belviso R., Ciampoli S., Cotecchia V. and Federico A. (1985).@Use of the cone penetrometer to determine consistency limits.@Ground Engineering, 18(5), 21–22.@Yes$Lee L.T. and Freeman R.B. (2007).@An alternative test method for assessing consistency limits.@Geotechnical Testing Journal, 30(4), 1–8.Dennehy J.P. (1978).@No
<#LINE#>Preparation and characterization of micro porous activated carbon prepared from Prosopis Juliflora with chemical and thermal activation<#LINE#>Gokul V. @Mahajan,Femina @A.,K.M. Meera Sheriffa @Begum,N. @Anantharaman <#LINE#>5-11<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJEngS-2017-002.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli-620015, Tamilnadu, India@Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli-620015, Tamilnadu, India@Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli-620015, Tamilnadu, India@Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli-620015, Tamilnadu, India<#LINE#>28/11/2016<#LINE#>8/1/2017<#LINE#>Activated carbon (AC) was developed from Prosopis juliflora wood by carbonization, chemical activation followed by thermal activation. The raw material was carbonized at 600 0C, then impregnated with potassium hydroxide (KOH) followed by thermal activation at 800 0C. Chemical and physical properties like moisture content, volatile matter, ash content, surface area and porosity have been estimated to determine the quality of AC as an adsorbent. The resulting sample was characterized by nitrogen adsorption measurement at 77 K, obtaining BET surface area 748.914 m2/g, micro pore volume 0.163 cm³/g and pore size 1.55 nm which indicate that the activated carbon synthesized was micro porous in nature. The surface functional groups were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. Thermo gravimetric analysis was carried out to determine the thermal stability of activated carbon with respect to temperature. The surface morphology of activated carbon was performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy. X-ray powder diffraction was used for identification of crystalline nature of the prepared activated carbon. The prepared sample can be used to remove organic and inorganic pollutants from Industrial waste water.<#LINE#>Das D., Samal D.P. and Meikap B.C. (2015).@Preparation of Activated Carbon from Green Coconut Shell and its Characterization.@J.Chem.Eng.Process Technol., 6(5), 1-7.@Yes$Yahya M.A., Al-Qodah Z., Ngah C.W.Z. (2015).@Agricultural bio-waste materials as potential sustainable precursors used for activated carbon production: A review.@Renew. and Sustain. Energy Rev., 46, 218–235.@Yes$Sugashini S. and Meera Sheriffa Begum K.M. (2015).@Preparation of activated carbon from carbonized rice husk by ozone activation for Cr(VI) removal.@New Carb. Mater., 30(3), 252–261.@Yes$Azry B., Nur Atikah A., Nor Adilla R. and Mohd Faisal T. (2016).@Removal of Cu2+ and Zn2+ from Single Metal Aqueous Solution Using Rubber-Seed Shell Based Activated Carbon.@Procedia Eng., 148, 694-701.@Yes$Singh K.P., Mohan D., Sinha S., Tondon G.S. and Gosh D. (2003).@Color Removal from Wastewater Using Low-Cost Activated Carbon Derived from Agricultural Waste Material.@Ind.Eng.Chem.Res., 42(9), 1965-1976.@Yes$Sun D., Zhang Z. , Wang M. and Wu Y. (2013).@Adsorption of Reactive Dyes on Activated Carbon Developed from Enteromorpha prolifera.@Scientific Research Publishing, 4(7), 17-26.@Yes$Mestre A.S., Pires R.A., Aroso I. , Fernandes F.M. , Pinto F.M., Reis R.L. , Andrade M.A., Pires J. , Silva S.P. and Carvalho A.P. (2014).@Activated carbons prepared from industrial pre-treated cork: Sustainable adsorbents for pharmaceutical compounds removal.@Chem. Eng. J. , 253, 408–417.@Yes$Utrilla J.R., Polo M.S., García M.A.F., Joya G.P. and  Pérez R.O. (2013).@Pharmaceuticals as emerging contaminants and their removal from water. A review.@Chemosphere, 93(7), 1268–1287.@Yes$Elhussien M.H. and Isa Y.M. (2015).@Evaluation of the Adsorption Capacities of Activated Charcoal from Sudanese Wooden Parts of Prosopis juliflora, Acacia Nilotica and Rhamnus Frangula.@Int. J. of  Emerg. Tech. and Ad. Eng., 5(4).@No$Hesas R.H., Arami-Niya A., Wan Daud W.M.A. and Sahu J.N. (2013).@Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Apple Waste by Microwave-Assisted Phosphoric Acid Activation: Application in Methylene Blue Adsorption.@Activated carbon sorbent, Bio Resources, 8(2), 2950-2966.@Yes$Cecen F. (1992).@Activated Carbon.@Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chem. Tech.@Yes$Acharya J., Sahu J.N., Sahoo B.K., Mohanty C.R., Meikap B.C. (2009).@Removal of Chromium from wastewater by activated carbon developed from Tamarind Wood activated with Zinc Chloride.@Chem. Eng. J., 150(1), 25-39.@Yes$Daai C., Jha R. and Desai V.R. (2015).@Rice Husk and Sugarcane Baggase Based Activated Carbon for Iron and Manganese Removal.@Aquatic Procedia, 4 ,1126 – 1133.@Yes$Guo J., Lua A.C. (2002).@Microporous Activated Carbons Prepared from Palm Shell by Thermal Activation and their Application to Sulfur Dioxide Adsorption.@J. of Col. and Inter. Sci. , 251(2), 242-247.@Yes$El-Ashtoukhy E.S.Z., Amin N.K. and Abdelwahab O.  (2008).@Removal of lead (II) and copper (II) from aqueous solution using pomegranate peel as a new adsorbent.@Desalin., 223(1-3), 162-173.@Yes$Hossain M.A., Ngo H.H., Guo W.S. and Nguyen T.V. March (2012).@Biosorption of Cu(II) From Water by Banana Peel Based Biosorbent: Experiments and Models of Adsorption and Desorption.@J. of Wat. Sustain., 2(1), 87–104@Yes$Namasivayam C. and Sangeetha D. (2006).@Recycling of agricultural solid waste, coir pith: Removal of anions, heavy metals, organics and dyes from water by adsorption onto ZnCl2 activated coir pith carbon.@J. of Hazard.Mater., 135(1-3), 449–452.@Yes$Naseeruddin S., Yadav K.S., Sateesh L. , Manikyam A. ,  Desai S. and Venkateswar Rao L. (2013).@Selection of the best chemical pretreatment for lignocellulosic substrate Prosopis juliflora.@Bioresour. Technol., 136, 542–549.@Yes$Gopal N., Asaithambi M., Sivakumar P. and Sivakumar V. (2014).@Effect of Activating Agents on the Development of Porous Activated Carbon Prepared from Prosopis juliflora Seeds.@Asian J. of Chem., 26(19), 6396-6400.@Yes$Muthaiyan K. and Rengasamy T. (2013).@Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies on the Removal of Victoria BlueUsing Prosopis juliflora-Modified Carbon/Zn/Alginate Polymer Composite Beads.@J. Chem. Eng. Data, 58(3), 517&#8722;527.@Yes$Abechi S.E., Gimba C.E, Uzairu A. and Dallatu Y.A. (2013).@Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Palm Kernel Shell by Chemical Activation.@Res.J. of Chem. Sci., 3(7), 54-61.@Yes$Dan-Asabe B., Yaro S.A., Yawas D.S. and Aku S.Y. (2013).@Water Displacement and Bulk Density Relation Methods of Finding Density of Powdered Materials.@Int. J. of Innov. Res. in Sci,, Engg. and Tech., 2(9), 5561-5566.@Yes
<#LINE#>Comparative analysis of different catalysts used in catalytic converters for C. I. engine based automobiles<#LINE#>S.S.K. @Deepak,Mukesh @Thakur <#LINE#>12-15<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJEngS-2017-003.pdf<#LINE#>Rungta College of Engineering and Technology, Near Nandanvan, Raipur, CG, India@Rungta College of Engineering and Technology, Near Nandanvan, Raipur, CG, India<#LINE#>29/11/2016<#LINE#>5/1/2017<#LINE#>Today, the environmental pollution has become a severe threat to not only the human race but also plants and animals. One of the main reasons for this is the high exhaust emission level from Compression Ignition engine based automobiles. At some places including India, the movement of automobiles has been restricted to odd or even days. So, an effective measure is required to prevent this hazard. One of the effective methods for reduction of exhaust emissions from the Compression Ignition engine based automobiles is the use of nano-coated catalytic converter. There are many nano-materials which have been used for various applications including prevention of exhaust emissions from automobiles. This research paper is focussed on the comparative analysis of various nano-materials used in catalytic converter. It will open a pathway as to which catalyst can be more effective for use in the catalytic converter for automobiles based on C. I. engine.<#LINE#>Deepak S.S.K. and Thakur M. (2015).@Pollution Prevention from Diesel Engine based Automobiles using Nano-Particles.@International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 371-373.@No$Deepak S.S.K. and Thakur M. (2015).@Methods of Pollution Control using Nano-Particles.@International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies, 215-217.@Yes$Thakur M. and Saikhedkar N.K. (2013).@Behavioral Modeling and Simulation with Experimental Analysis of a Two Stroke Engine Using Nano-sized Copper Coated Catalytic Converter.@International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 59, 97-112.@Yes$Fazeli Fariba, Shahram Fakdehi (2013).@Application of Gold Nano-particles as a Catalyst for Automotive Pollution Control.@Engineering Research Journal, 1(2), 23-35.@Yes$Mesut Zamul, Zekeriya Parlak, Murat Kapsiz, Adnan Ferit (2013).@CFD and Experimental Analysis on Thermal Performance of Exhaust System of a Spark Ignition Engine.@J. of Thermal Science and Technology, 33(2), 89-99.@Yes$Cole-Hamilton D. (2003).@Homogeneous Catalysis – New Approaches to Catalyst Separation, Recovery and Recycling.@Science Letters, 299(5613), 1702-1706.@Yes$Tanaka K., Tamaru K. (1963).@A General Rule in Chemisorption of Gases on Metals.@J. Catalysts, 2(5), 366–370.@Yes$Dunworth W.P. and Nord F.F. (1954).@Noble metal-synthetic polymer catalysts and studies on the mechanism of their action in Advances in Catalysis and Related Subjects.@Advances in Catalysis, 6, 125-141.@Yes$Syed Aalam C., Saravanan C.G. and Mohammed Samath C. (2015).@Reduction of Diesel Engine Emissions Using Catalytic Converter with Nano Aluminium Oxide Catalyst.@International Journal for Research in Emerging Science & Technology, 2(7), 17-22.@Yes$Durairajan A., Kavitha T., Rajendran A. and Kumarswamidhas L.A. (2012).@Design and Manufacturing of Nano-catalytic converter for pollution control in automobiles for green environment.@Indian J. Innovations Development, 1(5), 314-319.@Yes$Cortie M.B. and Van Der Lingen E. (2002).@Catalytic Gold Nano-particles.@Materials Forum, 26, 1-14.@Yes$Syed Aalam C. and Saravanan C.G. (2015).@Effects of Nano-metal Oxide Blended Mahua Biodiesel on CRDI Diesel Engine.@Ain Shams Engineering Journal,1-8.@Yes$Makwana Narendra Singh R., Amin Chirag M. and Dabhi Shyam K. (2013).@Development and Performance Analysis of Nickel based Catalytic Converter.@International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology, 4(2), 10-13.@Yes$Sanjeevan Ajin C., and Sanjith V. (2013).@Diesel Engine Emission Reduction using Catalytic Nano-particles: An Experimental Investigation.@Journal of Engineering, 1-9.@Yes$Nalcaci Orkun (2007).@The Removal of Carbon Monoxide by Iron Oxide Nano-particles in Car Exhaust.@Doctorate Thesis, 1-83.@Yes$Deepak S.S.K. and Thakur M. (2016).@Analysis based on atomic activity of nano-particles for Exhaust Emissions Reduction from Automobiles using Nano-coated Catalytic Converter.@International Journal of Science & Research, 493-495.@Yes$Deepak S.S.K. and Thakur M. (2016).@Post Pollution Control Method for C. I. Engine Automobiles using Nano-coated Catalytic Converter.@Research Journal of Engineering Sciences, 5 (3), 14-16.@No$Deepak S.S.K. and Thakur M. (2016).@An Innovative Approach for Control of Exhaust Emissions from C. I. Engine based Automobiles using Nano-particles as a catalyst.@Rungta International Journal, 1(1), 10-13.@No
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Gravity: the effect of compressed space-time medium<#LINE#>Shivam @Shirbhate <#LINE#>16-20<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJEngS-2017-001.pdf<#LINE#>Mechanical Engineering, Y.C.C.E., Nagpur, Maharashtra, India<#LINE#>7/11/2016<#LINE#>4/1/2017<#LINE#>The space-time medium is the combination of time and distance in which all the static and kinetic motions of objects occur, where time and distance show\\\'s flexibility, i.e. The distance between two points can be compressed or expand when it is disturbed by the massive body/planet. A massive body in space occupies the space in a space-time medium which in result compresses the space-time medium around it. The compression in space-time is directly proportional to the density of a body spread in particular area, i.e. (Compression &#945; density × surface area of the body), this compression in medium follows \\\"law of conservation of relative motion\\\" and \\\"space-time medium interaction\\\" which results into mutual attraction between two bodies. Amazingly the final mathematical expression is same as Newton’s law of gravitation.  Einstein\\\'s general theory of relativity explains gravity as a “Distortion of space (or more precisely, space-time) caused by the presence of matter or energy. A massive object generates a gravitational field by warping the geometry of the surrounding space-time”. Newton\\\'s law of universal gravitation states that “every mass attracts every other mass in the universe, and the gravitational force between two bodies is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them”.  But both the theories do not describe the reason behind the attraction between masses. Here, the most suitable theory of attraction between the masses is explained. All the terms and laws are explained here with Mathematical expression.<#LINE#>Encyclopaedia Britannica (1998).@Newton’s law of gravitation.@@No$Science News (2015).@Einstein@Science News, Magazine of society for science and public, 188(8), 16@Yes$Shirbhate Shivam (2016).@Space-time medium.@(Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Y.C.C.E, Nagpur.@No$Shirbhate Shivam (2016).@Compression of space-time medium around massive body/planet.@Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Y.C.C.E, Nagpur.@No$Shirbhate Shivam (2016).@Stability of space-time medium.@(Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Y.C.C.E, Nagpur.@No$Shirbhate Shivam (2016).@Relation between compression in space-time medium and density of massive object/body.@Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Y.C.C.E, Nagpur.@No$Shirbhate Shivam (2016).@Relation between compression in space-time medium and surface area of massive object/body.@Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Y.C.C.E, Nagpur.@No$Shirbhate Shivam (2016).@Law of conservation of relative motion.@Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Y.C.C.E, Nagpur.@No$Shirbhate Shivam (2016).@Space- time interaction.@Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Y.C.C.E, Nagpur@No