@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Features of Use of Limestone and Lime in Wet Desulphurisation Technology<#LINE#>Volchyn@Igor,Karatsuba@Andrii,Rudenko@Leonid<#LINE#>1-6<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJEngS-2014-44.pdf<#LINE#> Laboratory of Environmental Problems of Energy, Coal Energy Technology Institute, 19, Andriivska Str., Kyiv, UKRAINE<#LINE#>24/6/2014<#LINE#>23/7/2014<#LINE#>  Flue gas of coal boilers has required cleaning of sulphur dioxide with the efficiency of at least 96% to meet the requirements of Directive 2010/75/EU. Wet scrubbers with forced oxidation, which use limestone or lime as sorbent, are the most used desulphurisation plants at the world thermal power industry. They allow providing the efficiency of sulphur dioxide removal up to 98% and obtaining a gypsum as product. Lime is much more chemically active and expensive sorbent, than limestone, but it’s using requires a lot of time to dissolve the calcium sulphite scale. The use of particles of limestone, measuring up to 10 microns, at washing slurry wouldn't only allow providing the high efficiency of desulphurization but also reducing the risk of scaling at the upper part of the scrubber. <#LINE#> @ @ Fellenberg G., The Chemistry of Pollution, Translated by A. Wier. John Wiley @ Son, 192 (2000) @No $ @ @ Rikhter L., Volkov E. and Pokrovskiy V., Protection of water and air basins from emissions of thermal power plants, Energoatomizdat, Moscow, 296 (1981) @No $ @ @ Syed U.S., Sepuri S. and Buddolla V.,Environment and Their Legal Issues in India, I. Res. J. Environment Sci.,1(3), 44-51, (2012) @No $ @ @ Council Directive 88/609/EEC of 24 November 1988 on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants // Official Journal of the European Communities, L 336, 07/12/1988, 1–13 (1988) @No $ @ @ Directive 2001/80/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2001 on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants // Official Journal of the European Communities. L 309, 27.11.2001, 1-23 (2001) @No $ @ @ Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control) (Recast), Official Journalof the European Communities, L 334, 17.12.2010, 17–119 (2010) @No $ @ @ Integrated pollution prevention and control, Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for Large Combustion Plants. European Commission. Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (Seville), July 2006, 607 (2006) @No $ @ @ Srivastava R.K., Jozewicz W. and Singer C., SOScrubbing Technologies: a Review Envir. Progress, 20(4), 219–228 (2001) @No $ @ @ Zevenhoven R. and Kilpinen P., Control of pollutants in flue gases and fuel gases, Helsinki University of Technology. Espoo/Turku, Finland, 338 (2004) www.eny.hut.fi/gasbook  @No $ @ @ Cheremisinoff P.N., Air Pollution Control and Design for Industry, Marcel Dekker, Inc., NY. (1993) @No $ @ @ Kohl A.I. Gas Purification. 15th ed. by Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, TX. 1414 (1997) @No $ @ @ Flagan R.C. and Seinfeld J.H., Fundamentals of Air Pollution Engineering. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 554 (1988) @No $ @ @ Rozenknop Z. Extraction of sulphur dioxide from gases. State scientific-technical publishing house of chemistry books. Moscow-Leningrad. 192 (1952) (in Russian) @No $ @ @ Volchyn I., Karatsuba A., Rudenko L. Applicability of manganese dioxide for flue gas cleaning, Energy Technologies and Resource Saving, , 48-55 (2012) (in Russian)  @No $ @ @ Buecker B., Key principles and approaches in wet-limestone scrubbing Power. Eng. Int., September 1, 2010 2010) www.powergenworldwide.com   @No $ @ @ Dean J.A. Lange's, Handbook of Chemistry. 15th Edition. McGraw-Hill, Inc., NY, 1294 (1999) @No $ @ @ Shvydkiy V. and Ladygichev M., Purification of Gases Reference book. Teploenergetik, Moscow, 640 (2002) (in Russian)   @No $ @ @ Kitto J.B. and Stultz S. Steam, Its Generation and Use: 41th edition. The Babcock and Wilcox Company, Barberton, OH. 1120 (2005) @No $ @ @ Sander R., Compilation of Henry’s Law Constants for Inorganic and Organic Species of Potential Importance in Environmental Chemistry. Max-Planck Institute of Chemistry. Mainz, Germany. April 8, 1999. http://www.mpch-mainz.mpg.de/~sanderres/henry.html (1999) @No $ @ @ Shengyu Liu, Wende Xiao. New Wet Flue Gas Desulphurization Process Using Granular Limestone and Organic Acid Additives, International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering, 4, Article A24 (2006) @No
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Effects of Electronic Control Techniques on Performance of Automotive Suspension: A Review<#LINE#>Deepa@Pandey,Swati@Kapoor<#LINE#>7-10<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJEngS-2014-51.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, RPIIT, Karnal, Haryana, INDIA<#LINE#>17/7/2014<#LINE#>11/8/2014<#LINE#>  Precise and accurate control of processes and dynamic system is becoming the need of modern industry. This need has made it possible for the engineers to come out with the different types of electronic controllers e.g. single loop controller, multi loop controller, real time, P, I, PI, PD, PID etc. Electronic control units have made great innovation possible in the field of Automotive Engineering. One of them is electronically controlled suspension system known as semi active and active suspension system. This paper deals with the review of different control techniques used in suspension and their effect on ride quality of vehicle. <#LINE#> @ @ M.J. Crosby and D.C. Karnopp, The Active Damper- A New Concept for Shock and Vibration Control, Shock and Vibration Bulletin, 43, 119-133 (1973) @No $ @ @ D. Cebon, F.H. Besinger and D.J. Cole, Control Strategies for Semiactive Lorry Suspensions, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D,219(D2), 161-178 (1996) @No $ @ @ M. Senthil Kumar and S. Vijayarangan, Analytical and experimental studies on active suspension system of light passenger vehicle to improve ride comfort, Mechanika, 23(65), (2007) @No $ @ @ M.K. Hada, A. Menon and S.Y. Bhave, Optimisation ofan Active Suspension Force Controller using GeneticAlgorithm for Random Input, Defence Science Journal, 57(5),691-706 (2007) @No $ @ @ Anil Shirahatt, P.S.S. Prasad, Parvin Panzade and M.M. Kulkarni, Optimal Design of Passenger Car Suspension for Ride and Road Holding, Technical Editor: Marcelo A, Savi. 30(1), (2008) @No $ @ @ L.Li and Q.Li, Vibration Analysis Based on Full Multi-Body Model for the Commercial Vehicle Suspension System, Proceedings of the 6th WSEAS International Conference on Signal Processing, Robotics and Automation, Corfu Island, Greece, 16-19 (2007) @No $ @ @ A. Kruczek, A. Stríbrsky, J. Honcu and M. Hlinovsky, Controller Choice for Car Active Suspension, International Journal of Mechanics, 3(4), 61-68, (2009) @No $ @ @ Hayder Sabah Abd l-Amir  and Ali TalibAbd  Al-Zahra,Design a Robust PID Controller of an Active Suspension System, International Journal of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering JMME-JENS, 14 (2),122-127, (2014) @No $ @ @ M.Senthil Kumar, Development of Active Suspension System for Automobiles using PID Controller, Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering, (2), (2008) @No $ @ @ Ali M. Abd El Tawwab, Theoretical and Experimental Fuzzy Control on Vehicle Pneumatic Semi Active Suspension Syatem, Journal of American Science, 9(1), 498-507 (2013) @No $ @ @ M.N. Khajavi and V. Abdollahi, Comparision Between Optimized Passive Vehicle Suspension System and Semi Active Fuzzy Logic Controlled Suspension System Regarding Ride and Handling, Transactions on Engineering, Computing and Technology, Enformatika, 19, 57-61(2007) @No $ @ @ K.T.K.Teo, G.Sainarayanan and C.S.X.Loh, Design andDevelopment of an Optimized Fuzzy Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller using Genetic Algorithm, International Conference on Control, Automation, Communication and Energy Conservation, 1-6 (2009) @No $ @ @ Y. Shiao, Q.A. Nguyen and C.C. Lai, A Novel Design of Semi Active Suspension System using Magnetorheological Damper on Light Weight Vehicle, Transactions of The Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering, 37(3), 723-732 (2013) @No $ @ @ J. Wang, H. Wang and L. Guo, Simulation for VehicleActive Suspension Control Based on Different Feedback Parameters, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 47(3), 1008-1014 (2013) @No $ @ @  M.M. Rashid, M.A Hussain, N.A. Rahim and J.S. Momoh, Development of Semi Active Car Control System Using Magnetorheological Damper Model”, International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering,2(2), 93-108 (2007) @No $ @ @ H.Li, J.Yu, C.Hilton and H. Liu, Adaptive Sliding Mode Control for Nonlinear Active Suspension Vehicle Systems Using T-S Fuzzy Approach, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 60(8), 3328-3338 (2013) @No $ @ @ K. Kamalakannan, A.E. Perumal, S. Mangalaramanan and K. Arunachalam, Performance Analysis and Behaviour Characteristics of CVD (Semi Active) in Quarter Car Model, Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering,5(3), 261-265 (2011) @No
@Case Study
<#LINE#>Electromagnetic Radiation Compatibility Survey and Safety Analysis around Mobile Base Transceiver Stations: Case Studies around Kathmandu Valley<#LINE#>Nanda Bikram@Adhikari<#LINE#>11-17<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJEngS-2014-52.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Tribhuvan University, NEPAL<#LINE#>1/8/2014<#LINE#>10/8/2014<#LINE#>  The rapid growth of global mobile communication networking raises the concerns of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) hazards to the general public. In Nepal’s scenario, this issue is more serious due to haphazard and unplanned installation of different kinds of antennas and base transceiver station (BTS) mostly on the rooftops of buildings, and lack of any extensive studies. This study hence surveys and analysis the electromagnetic compatibility to identify whether the level of radiation from those BTS are hazardous to human health through numerical analysis and some typical case studies around some sample area of Kathmandu Valley of Nepal. The study first identifies the problems related to the health hazards due the EMR. Limiting exposures to harmful EMR are then studied in both theoretical and observational approaches. For the theoretical approach, three numerical models viz., far-field, cylindrical and non-vanishing models are used to find exclusion zones around the BTS of a global system of mobile communication (GSM) network and the exclusion zones are evaluated with the some international standards, namely the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and American National Standard Institute (ANSI, 1982) standard. Simulations with the typical GSM parameters reveals a limiting distance for the exclusion zones around the the radiating near fields closer to the BTS where the observations around three sampled base stations viz., Pulchowk, Dhapakhel and Chabahil areas resemble the trend of the simulated values revealing the exclusion zones nearby the BTS where the public exposure level is above the prescribed threshold value of the ICNRIP that predicts the possible health hazard if entered. The mean value of power density around those sampled domains however is found to be about 10% below of ICNIRP safety limits. In another analysis, spectrums of the radiation due to other RF sources like local TV, FM and mobile transmitters are studied and found that the mean radiation levels are quite below the ANSI, 1982 standard. These case studies can be considered as the representative cases of current scenario. Extension of research like ours more extensively in a national dimension may help one to formulate national EMR standard, policy and guidelines, which should be the urgent needs for the country’s environmental and public safeties. <#LINE#> @ @  International Commission for Non-Ionizing RadiationProtection (ICNIRP), Guidelines for Limiting Exposure toTime-Varying Electric, Magnetic and ElectromagneticFields (up to 300 GHz), Health Physics Society, 74(4),494-522, (1998) @No $ @ @  American National Standards Institute (ANSI) paperC95.1, American national Standard Safety Levels withRespect to Human Exposure to Radio FrequencyElectromagnetic Fields, 300 KHz to 100 Ghz, Institute ofElectrical and Electronic Engineers, Inc, 345 East 47th St,New York, NY 10017 (1982) @No $ @ @  Federal Communication Commission, Office ofEngineering and Technology, Questions and Answersabout Biological Effects and Potential Hazards of radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, OET56, 4th edition,(1999) @No $ @ @  World Health Organization Environmental Health Criteria137, Electromagnetic fields (300 Hz to 300 GHz), (1993) @No $ @ @  Cenelec, Basic standard for the calculation andmeasurement of electromagnetic field strength and SARrelated to human exposure from radio base stations andfixed terminal stations for wireless telecommunicationsystems (110 MHz – 40 GHz), Ref. No. EN 50383:2002E,Central Secretariat, Brussels, Belgium, (2002) @No $ @ @  Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+);Radio transmission and reception (GSM05.05 version7.1.1 Release 1998). Sophia Antipolis, France, EuropianTelecommunication Standards Institute, ETSI EN 300 910v7.1.1 (1999-12) (2012) @No $ @ @  Report of the Inter ministerial Committee on EMF,Government of India, Ministry of Communications andInformation Technology Department of Telecommunications (2012) @No $ @ @  Faraone A., Tay R., Joyner K. and Balzano Q., Estimationof the average power density in the vicinity of cellularbase-station collinear array antennas, IEEE Trans VehTechnol, 49, 984–996, (2000) @No $ @ @  Mousa A., Electromagnetic Radiation Measurements andSafety Issues of some Cellular Base Stations in Nablus,Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review4(1), 35-42, (2011) @No $ @ @  Tommi A., M. Hietanen and P. von Nandelstadh,Occupational Exposure to RF Fields from Base StationAntennas on Rooftops, Ann. Telecommun, 63, 125–132,GET and Springer Verlag France (2008) @No $ @ @  Test Procedure for Measurement of Electromagnetic Fieldsfrom Base Station Antenna (For TelecommunicationSector), No: TEC/TP/EMF/OOl/Ol.SEP,Telecommunication Engineering Center, India (2009) @No $ @ @  Managemant Information System, NepalTelecommunications Authority, XI Year Issue, 81(33),(2011) @No