@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Optimization of CNC Turning Parameters with Carbide Tool for Surface Roughness Analysis Using Taguchi Analysis<#LINE#>K.@Shunmugesh,K.@Panneerselvam,M.@Pramod,George@Amal<#LINE#>1-7<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJEngS-2014-37.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Production Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Trichy, INDIA @ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Viswajyothi College of Engineering and Technology, Vazhakulam, INDIA<#LINE#>3/6/2014<#LINE#>16/6/2014<#LINE#> This experimental study concentrates on the understanding of machining process in turning of 11sMn30 using carbide tip insert under dry condition.11SMn30 is an alloy of magnesium and zinc which is mainly used for cutting  steel and act as a very good rotating element in mechanical engineering and automobile components. The experiment was carried out using three input parameters namely cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. The main objective of the current work is to find out the optimal cutting conditions that affect the surface roughness values Ra and Rz. Tool used for the study was Taguchi analysis. The optimum values for surface roughness Ra and Rz is found to be 1.854 and 12.899 respectively. Also it was found out that the feed rate is the most significant factor on the surface roughness of the work piece. <#LINE#> @ @ Rodriguez, Kantharaj, Kantharaj, Freitas and Murthy., Effect of Cutting Parameters on Surface Roughness and Cutting Force in Turning Mild Steel, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(10), 19-26 (2012) @No $ @ @ V.R. Kagade and R.R. Deshmukh, Experimental investigation of turning operations using carbide inserts, International journal of applied research in mechanical engineering, 1(1), 86-89 (2011) @No $ @ @ T. Rajmohan, K. Palanikumar and M. Kathirvel., Optimization of machining parameters in Drilling hybrid aluminum metal matrix composites, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 22(6), 1286-1297 (2011) @No $ @ @ Azlan Mohd Zain , Habibollah Haron and Safian Sharif., Genetic Algorithm and Simulated Annealing to estimate optimal process parameters of the abrasive water jet machining, Engineering with Computers ,27(3), 251-259 (2011) @No $ @ @ Murthy B.R.N, Lewlyn L.R. Rodrigues,. Analysis and Optimization of Surface Roughness in GFRP Drilling Through Integration of Taguchi and Response Surface Methodology, Research Journal of Engineering Sciences,2(5), 24-29 (2013) @No $ @ @ Bharat Chandra Routara, Saumya Darsan Mohanty, Saurav Datta, Asish Bandyopadhyay and Siba Sankar Mahapatra., Optimization in CNC end milling of UNS C34000 medium leaded brass with multiple surface roughness characteristics, Indian Academy of Sciences 35(5), 619-629 (2010) @No $ @ @ D.V.V. Krishna Prasad and K. Bharathi, Multi-Objective Optimization of Milling Parameters for Machining Cast Iron on Machining Centre, Research Journal of Engineering Sciences,2(5), 35-39 (2013) @No $ @ @ Tao FU, Jibin ZHAO and Weijun LIU., Multi-objective optimization of cutting parameters in High-speed milling based on grey relational analysis coupled with principal component analysis, Front. Mech. Eng, 7(4), 445-452 (2012) @No $ @ @ S. Saikumar and M.S. Shunmugam., Investigations into high-speed rough and finish end-milling of hardened EN24 steel for implementation of control strategies, International Journal of  Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 63(1) 391-406, (2012) @No $ @ @ M. Mangesh R. Phate, Tatwawadi  and Modak, Modelling and Simulation of Productivity in the Turning of Ferrous and Nonferrous Material using Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Methodology, Research Journal of Engineering Sciences,2(3), 37-44 (2013) @No $ @ @ V.N. Gaitondea, S.R. Karnikb, J. Paulo Davimc., Taguchi multiple-performance characteristics optimization in drilling of medium density fiberboard (MDF) to minimize delaminating using utility concept, Journal of materials processing technology, 196(1-3), 73-78 (2008) @No $ @ @ Gül Tosun.,  Statistical analysis of process parameters in drilling of AL/SICP metal matrix composite, International Journal of  Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 55, 477-485 (2011) @No $ @ @ S. Ramesh, L. Karunamoorthy and K. Palanikumar, Measurement and analysis of surface roughness in turning of aerospace titanium alloy (gr5), Measurement, 45(5), 1266-1276 (2012) @No $ @ @ Nagaraja, Mervin A Herbert, Divakara Shetty, Raviraj Shetty and B Shivamurthy., Effect of Process Parameters on Delamination, Thrust force and Torque in Drilling of Carbon Fiber Epoxy Composite, Research Journal of Engineering Sciences,2(8), 47-51(2013) @No $ @ @ K. Palanikumar and J. Paulo Davim., Mathematical model to predict tool wear on the machining of glass fiber reinforced plastic composites, Materials and Design, 28(7), 2008-2014, (2007) @No $ @ @ K. Palanikumar A, L. Karunamoorthy B. and R. Karthikeyan., Assessment of factors influencing surface roughness on the machining of glass fiber-reinforced polymer composites, Materials and Design, 27(10),862-871(2006) @No
<#LINE#>Studies on Reuse of Re-Refined Used Automotive Lubricating Oil<#LINE#>C@Shri Kannan,KS@Mohan Kumar,M@Sakeer Hussain,N@DeepaPriya,K.@Saravanan<#LINE#>8-14<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJEngS-2014-22.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai – 638052, Tamilnadu, INDIA<#LINE#>10/4/2014<#LINE#>17/5/2014<#LINE#>  Today the used oil is discarded into the ground or landfills which neither protects the environment nor conserves it resource value. The used oil poured into the land penetrates the ground rapidly and causes serious ground water contamination. The burning of used oil in kilns and incinerators produces lots of ash and carcinogens causing environmental pollution. Refining of used oil can produce more valuable products and can prevent pollution. The refining of used lubricating oil minimizes the dependence on virgin base oil to produce fresh lubricating oil. The objective of re-refining is to remove the degraded additives and contaminants and to restore the properties of the oil identical to the standards provided by SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers). The available method for re-refining is the acid clay treatment process. It involves the treatment of used oil with strong acids followed by treatment with clay. This method produces acid sludge and causes numerous environmental problems. Also the quality of re-refined oil is very low. This method cannot be used due to the stringent pollution control board norms. The present study focuses on the development of an alternative method that is ecofriendly and produces good quality refined oil. The used oil is collected from automobile service stations and the oil is subjected to dehydration, vacuum distillation followed by solvent extraction. The solvent used in solvent extraction is recovered by atmospheric distillation. Finally, additives are added to the re-refined oil. The properties of lubricating oil like density, viscosity, viscosity index, flash point, fire point, pour point, cloud pointand total acid number were determined and compared with the standards provided by the Society of Automotive Engineers. <#LINE#> @ @ Silvio R. Teixeira and  Gleyson T. De A. Santos, Incorporation of Waste From Used Lube Oil Re-Refining Industry In Ceramic Body: Characterization And Properties, Revista Ciências Exatas – Universidade De Taubaté (Unitau) – Brasil , 2(1), (2008) @No $ @ @ Gomes C.F., Argilas: O quesão e paraqueservem, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisboa-Portugal, (1988) @No $ @ @ Ihsan Hamawand, Talal Yusaf and Sardasht Rafat, Recycling of Waste Engine Oils Using a New Washing Agent, Energies, 6, 1023-1049; doi:10.3390/en6021023, (2013) @No $ @ @ Hopmans J.J., The Problem of the Processing of Spent Oil in the Member States of EEC; Report for the European Economic Community (EEC); National Institute for Wastewater Treatment: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, (1974) @No $ @ @ Reis M.A.R. and  Jeronimo M.S., Waste lubricating oil re-refining by extraction-flocculation, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 27, 1222–1228, (1988) @No $ @ @ Kajdas C, Major pathways for used oil disposal and recycling, Part 1, Tribotest J., , 61–74, (2000) @No $ @ @ Boughton B. and Horvath A., Environmental assessment of waste oil management methods, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 353–358, (2004) @No $ @ @ IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Part 2, Carbon Blacks, Mineral Oils (Lubricant Base Oils and Derived Products) and Some Nitroarenes, In IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans; IARC: Lyon, France, (1984) @No $ @ @ Beuther H., Peno T., County A., Henke A.M. and Petreson R.E., Hydrogenation and Distillation of Lubricating. U.S. Patent 622, 312, (1956) @No $ @ @ Ogbeide S.O., An Investigation To The Recycling Of Spent Engine Oil, Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review , 3(1),  32-35 (2010) @No $ @ @ Gorman W.A., Recovering base oils from lubricants, Petroleum Technology Quarterly 4, 85-88, (2005) @No $ @ @ Josiah  P.N. and  Ikiensikimama S.S., Effect of desludging and absorption ratios on recovery of lowpour fuel oil (LPFO) from spent engine oil, Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin, 14, 24-28, (2010) @No $ @ @ Kamal A. and  Khan F., Effect of extraction and adsorption on re-refining of used lubricating oil, Oil & Gas Science and Technology, 64 (2), 191-197, (2009) @No $ @ @ Abdel-Jabbar N.M., A.l. Zubaidy E.A.H. and Mehrvar  M.,  Waste  lubricating  oil  treatment  by  adsorption  process using different adsorbents, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology62, 9-12, (2010) @No $ @ @ Durrani H.A., Panhwar  M.I. and Kazi R.A., Re-Refining of waste lubricating oil by solvent extraction, Mehran University Research Journal of Eng. & Tech., 30(2), 237-246, (2011) @No $ @ @ Jhanani  S. and Joseph  K., Used oil generation and management in the automotive industries, International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2(2), 638-648, (2011) @No
<#LINE#>Thermal degradation mechanism of HDPE Nanocomposites containing Nano CaCO3<#LINE#>Mojtaba@Saeedi,Mohammad@Poostforush,Salman@Jiriyaie<#LINE#>15-28<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJEngS-2014-31.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Farhan Branch, IRAN @  Plastics Dept., Processing Faculty, IRAN Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran, IRAN <#LINE#>7/5/2014<#LINE#>10/6/2014<#LINE#>  In this study high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/ maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (PE-g-MA) nanocomposites, containing 1, 3, 5 wt.% of CaCO nanoparticles were provided by melt mixing process. Attendance of nanoparticles in PE matrix and addition of PE-g-MA led to enhancement of thermal stability of nanocomposites which proved by TGA analysis. In addition, kinetics of thermal decomposition of HDPE and its nanocomposites were examined. Addition of nano-particles led to enhancement of activation energy and degree of conversion. <#LINE#> @ @ Galli  P. and Vecellio G.J., Polyolefins: The most promising largevolume materials for the 21st century., Journal of Polym Sci Part A: Polymer Chemistry., 42(3), 396–415 (2003) @No $ @ @ Krishnaswamy R.K., Influence of wall thickness on the creep ruptures performance of polyethylene pipe., Polym Eng Sci, 47(4), 516-521 (2007) @No $ @ @ Yang Y., Zhang J., Zhou Y., Zhao G, He C. and Li Y., et al. Solution-processable organic molecule with triphenylamine core and two benzothiadiazole–thiophene arms for photovoltaic application, J Phys Chem C, 114(8), 3701-3706 (2010) @No $ @ @ Chrissafisa K., Paraskevopoulosa K.M., Pavlidoua E. and Bikiaris D., Thermal degradation mechanism of HDPE nanocomposites containing fumed silica nanoparticles, Thermochimica Acta, 65(1-2), 65–71 (2009) @No $ @ @ Hoàng E.M. and Lowe D., Lifetime prediction of a blue PE100 water pipe., Polym Degrad Stab 93(8), 1496 (2008) @No $ @ @ Weon J., Effects of thermal ageing on mechanical and thermal behaviors of linear low density polyethylene pipe., Polym Degrad Stabil., 95(1), 14 (2010) @No $ @ @ Potyrailo R.A., Wroczynski R.J, Morris W.G. and Bradtke G.R., Determination of oxidative stability of polypropylene using chemical sensors, Polym Degrad Stabil, 83(3), 375 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ragnarsson L. and Albertsson A.C., Total luminescence intensity as a tool to classify degradable polyethylene films by early degradation detection and changes in activation energy, Biomacromolecules, 4(4), 900 (2003) @No $ @ @ Wu C.H., Chang C.Y., Hor J.L., Shih S.M., Chen L.W. and Chang F.W., On the thermal treatment of plastic mixtures of MSW: Pyrolysis kinetics., Waste Manage, 13(2), 221(1993) @No $ @ @ Park J.W., Oh S.C., Lee H.P., Kim H.T. and Yoo K.O., A kinetic analysis of thermal degradation of polymers using a dynamic method., Polym. Degrad. Stabil, 67(3), 435-441 (2000) @No $ @ @ Bockhorn H., Hornung A. and Schawaller H., Kinetic study on the thermal degradation of polypropylene and polyethylene., Anal. Appl. Pyrol, 48(2), 93-99 (1999) @No $ @ @ Kim H.T. and Oh SC, J. Kinetics of thermal degradation of waste polymer., Ind.Eng.Chem 11(2), 658-639 (2005) @No $ @ @ Xu N., Zou J., Shi W., Feng J. and Gong M., Unsaturated hyperbranched polyester as a surface modifier of CaCO3 and enhanced effect on mechanical properties of HDPE/CaCO3 composites., Polym. Adv. Technol., 16(5), 378 (2005) @No $ @ @ Elleithy R.H., Ilias A., Muhammad Alhaj A. and Al-Zahrani S.M., High density polyethylene/micro calcium carbonate composites: A study of the morphological, thermal, and viscoelastic properties., J Appl Polym Sci., 117(4), 2413-2421 (2010) @No $ @ @ Deshpande D.P., Warfade V.V., Amaley S.H. and Lokhande D.D., Petro-Chemical Feed stock from Plastic Waste., Research Journal of Recent Sci., 1(3), 63-67 (2012) @No $ @ @ Poostforush M., Al-Mamun M. and Fasihi M., Investigation of Physical and Mechanical Properties of High Density Polyethylene/Wood Flour Composite Foams, Research Journal of Recent Sci., ), 15-20 (2013) @No $ @ @ Mudigoudra B.S., Masti S.P., Chougale R.B., Thermal Behavior of Poly (vinyl alcohol)/ Poly (vinyl pyrrolidone)/Chitosan Ternary Polymer Blend Films, ResearchJournal of Recent Sciences.,1(9), 83-86 (2012) @No $ @ @ Zehtabeyazdi A., Zebarjad S.M., Sajjadi S.A. and Abolfazli Esfahani, J. On the Sensitivity of Dimensional Stability of High Density Polyethylene on Heating Rate, Express Polymer Letters, 1(2), 92-99 (2007) @No $ @ @ Saeedil M., Ghasemi I., Karrabi M., Thermal Degradation of Poly(vinyl chloride): Effect of Nanoclay and Low Density Polyethylene Content, Iranian Polymer Journal, 20(5), 423-429 (2011) @No $ @ @ Vyazovkin S., Wight C.A. Model-free and model-fitting approaches to kinetic analysis of isothermal and nonisothermal data, Thermochimica Acta., 340-341, 53-68 (1999) @No $ @ @ Kissinger H.E., Reaction Kinetics in Differential Thermal Analysis., Anal.Chem 29(11), 1702-1706 (1957) @No $ @ @ Freeman E.S., Carroll B., The application of thermo analytical techniques to reaction kinetics. I. The thermogravimetric evaluation of the kinetics of the decomposition of calcium oxalate monohydrate., J.Phys.Chem, 62(4), 394-397 (1958) @No $ @ @ Peterson J.D., Vyazovkin S., Wight C.A., Kinetics of the Thermal and Thermo-Oxidative Degradation of Polystyrene, Polyethylene and Poly(propylene)., Macromol. Chem. Phys. 202(6), 775-784 (2001) @No $ @ @ Friedman, Thermal Degradation of Char-forming Plastic from Thermogravimetery Application to Phenolic, J. Polym. Sci. C., 6(1), 183-195 (1963) @No $ @ @ Sahebian H., Zebarjad S.M., Sajjadi S.A. and Sherafat Z., The Effect of Nano- Sized Calcium Carbonate on Thermodynamic Parameters of HDPE, J. Mater. Process. Manuf. Sci.,209(3), 1310-1317 (2009) @No $ @ @ Chrissafis K., Paraskevopoulos K.M., Tsiaoussis I., Bikiaris D., Comparative study of the effect of different nanoparticles on the mechanical properties, permeability and thermal degradation mechanism of HDPE., J Appl Polym Sci, 114(3), 1606-1618 (2009) @No $ @ @ Vassiliou A., Papageorgiou G.Z., Achilias D.S., Bikiaris D.N., Macromol. Non-Isothermal Crystallisation Kinetics of In Situ Prepared Poly(-caprolactone)/Surface-Treated SiO2 Nanocomposites, Chem. Phys.,208(4), 364-376 (2007) @No $ @ @ Shentu B., Li J., Weng Z., Effect of Oleic Acid- Modified Nano-CaCO3 on the Crystallization Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene., Chin. J. Chem. Eng., 14(6) 814-818 (2006) @No $ @ @ Ujhelyiová A., Slobodová M., Ryba J., Borsig E., Vencelová P., The  Effect  of Inorganic Nanoadditives on the Thermal, Mechanical and UV Radiation Barrier Properties of Polypropylene Fibres, Open Journal   of Organic Polymer Materials, 2(2), 29-37 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Measurements and Mapping of Soil Compaction for a Mechanized Centre Pivot Irrigation System<#LINE#>S.T.@Msibi,N.I.@Kihupi,A.K.P.R@Tarimo<#LINE#>29-37<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJEngS-2014-32.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Agricultural Engineering and Land Planning, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O Box 3003, Morogoro, TANZANIA @ Ubombo Sugar Limited, P.O Box 23, Big Bend, SWAZILAND<#LINE#>19/5/2014<#LINE#>23/5/2014<#LINE#>  The objective was to investigate the influence of centre pivot wheels on compaction of soils in the vicinity of the tracks, its spatial variability and soil compaction prospects for mechanical harvesting operations at Ubombo Sugar estate. Two centre pivots were selected for purposes of the study, SMB manually harvested and EEL09 being mechanically harvested. Measurements were taken using an automated P5 Hand Penetrometer on sampled points and a handheld Juno SB GPS was used to capture positions of each data point. Statistical analysis was performed on compaction values using SPSS, soil compaction maps produced using ArcGIS software and penetration trends using HPen32 software and geospatial interpolation technique. Significantly higher soil compaction values at 0 to 15 cm depth (p0.01) were associated with EEL09 centre pivot with an average of 3210 kPa compared to those of SMB at average of 1389 kPa. A parallel trend was observed at depth of 0 to 30 cm where significant differences in soil compaction between EEL09 (average of 4987 kPa) and SMB (average of 2209 kPa) centre pivots were recorded. Soil compaction mapping indicates that there is a general decline in soil compaction as one move away from the wheel tracks for both centre pivots. These observations are in agreement with the results obtained in a study conducted in a cracking clay soil where cone index measurements indicated that there was no lateral spread of compaction in the traffic lanes in a controlled traffic system. The trend on both pivots also indicates that compaction is spatially variable owing to the heterogeneity of soils within a centre pivot and the differences in harvesting systems. Higher compaction values were obtained for the mechanically harvested centre pivot (EEL09) and an increase in compaction for SMB was due to machinery traversing in-field when collecting manually harvested sugarcane. The current trend of soil compaction among the fields will generally affect soil infiltration, water storage capacity, irrigation systems performance and subsequent reduction in sugarcane yields. <#LINE#> @ @ Duiker S.W. Diagnosing soil compaction using a penetrometer (soil compaction tester), College of Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural Research and Cooperative Extension, Pennsylvania State University (2002) @No $ @ @ S.T. Msibi, N.I. Kihupi, A.K.P.R. Tarimo and A.M. Manyatsi. Technical performance evaluation of centre pivot sprinkler irrigation system at Ubombo Sugar estate, Swaziland, International Journal of Agricultural Science and Bioresource Engineering Research, 3(1and2), 23-38 (2014) @No $ @ @ Richard G., Boizard G., Rodger-Estrade J., Boiffin J. and Guerif J. Field study of soil compaction due to traffic in northen France: Pore space and morphological analysis of the compacted zones, Soil Tillage Res., 51, 151-160 (1999) @No $ @ @ Bober M.L., Wood D. and Mcbride R.A. Use of digital image analysis and GIS to assess regional soil compaction risk. Photogrammetric Eng. Remote Sens., 62, 1397-1404 (1996) @No $ @ @ Vermeulen G.D., Tullberg J.N. and Chamen W.C.T. Controlled traffic farming In: Soil Engineering, Soil Biology, Dedousis A.P. and Bartzanas, (Eds.), Spring-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg., 20, 101-120 (2010) @No $ @ @ Pritchard F., Fitzpatrick J., Hobson K. and Imhof M. Physical constraints to root growth. In: Identifying, understanding and managing hostile subsoils for cropping: A reference manual for neutral-alkaline soils for south-eastern Australia, The Profitable Soil Group (2009) @No $ @ @ Lipiec J., Medvedev V.V., Birkas M., Dumitru E. and Lyndina T.E. Effect of soil compaction on root growth and crop yield in Central and Eastern Europe, Int.Agrophysics., 17, 61-69 (2003) @No $ @ @ Isaac N., Taylor R., Staggenborg S., Schrock M. and Leikam D. Using cone index data to explain yield variation within a field. Int. Commision Agric. Eng. (2002) @No $ @ @ Petcu G. and Petcu E. Effect of cultural practices and fertilizers on sunflower yields in long term experiments, HELIA, 29, 135-144 (2006) @No $ @ @ Tatura D.P.I. Centre pivot wheel rutting. Department of Primary Industries (2005) @No $ @ @ Msibi S.T., Kihupi N.I. and Tarimo A.K.P.R. An appraisal of water and power budgeting systems for sustainable irrigation at Ubombo, Res. J. Engineering Sci., 3(4), 1-9 (2014) @No $ @ @ Tracy B.F. and Zhang Y. Soil compaction, corn yield response and soil nutrient pool dynamics within an integrated crop-livestock system in Illinois. Crop Sci.48,1211-1218 (2008) @No $ @ @ Childs C. Interpolating surfaces in ArcGIS spatial analyst. ArcUser (2004) @No $ @ @ Braunack M.V. McPhee J.E. and Reid D.J. Controlled traffic to increase productivity of irrigated row crops in the semi-arid tropics, Australian J. Exp. Agric.,35, 503-513 (1995) @No $ @ @ Richard G., Boizard G., Rodger-Estrade J., Boiffin J. and Guerif J. Field study of soil compaction due to traffic in northen France: Pore space and morphological analysis of the compacted zones, Soil Tillage Res., 51, 151-160 (1999) @No
<#LINE#>Electromagnetic Radiations: An Invisible Poison<#LINE#>Aanchal@Jain,Deepak@Bagai<#LINE#>38-45<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJEngS-2014-33.pdf<#LINE#>E and E C Department, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, INDIA <#LINE#>21/5/2014<#LINE#>9/6/2014<#LINE#>  As the use of these electrical and electronic products is increasing exponentially across the globe, there is a high concern over public health because of the radiations emitted by them. A random survey was conducted on 403 people across the country. The aim of survey was to examine the health conditions of people using various electronic and electrical products if they face any health issues due to usage of these products. During survey it was observed that headache is the most common symptom observed by majority of people, followed by irritation in eyes, stress, pain in ears due to prolonged usage of cell phones, etc. Only 12% people are fairly aware about radiations and its ill effects on health. So awareness must be spread amongst masses. Indian government revised radiation density norms in 2013 and adopted 1/10th of the international norms specified by International Commission on Non- Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Study of Chandigarh was also conducted to check if these changes have been implemented and comparison of readings was done with the biological limits over which health of living beings starts getting influenced. It was observed that observed readings are considerably low than the international norms and limits adopted in India but are several times higher than the biological limits. More strict norms should be adopted and radiation density should be reduced without compromising with the quality of service.<#LINE#> @ @  MansorM.S.F., AbasW.A.B.Wan and. MahadiW.N.LWan,Study of electromagnetic field radiation on the humanmuscle activity, BIOMED, IFMBE Proceedings, Springer,35, 352-355 (2011) @No $ @ @  Mobile Communication Radio Waves and Safety,Department of Telecommunications, Ministry ofCommunications and IT, Government of India, (2013) @No $ @ @  Maini Surita , Singh Amanpreet , Marwaha Anupma,Biological Effects and Therapeutic Applications ofElectromagnetic Radiations,COMSOL conference, (2009) @No $ @ @  Guidelines for mitigation of the effects of electromagneticradiations in built spaces, Central Public WorksDepartment, (2014) @No $ @ @  Lu Yilong and Huang Yi, Biological effects of mobilephone radiation, IEEE, 978-1-4673-2185-3/12, (2012) @No $ @ @  Prof. Guha K. Sujoy, Prof. NeogiSudarsan and ProfKumarGirish, Report on Cell Phone towers RadiationHazards,(2011) @No $ @ @  Prof. Kumar Girish, Report on cell tower radiation,Submitted to Secretary, Department ofTelecommunications, India, (2010) @No $ @ @  Ayinmode Bolaji O. and FaraiIdowu P., Measurement andMethod in Radiofrequency Radiation ExposureAssesments, The Pacific Journal of Science andTechnology, 14(2), (2013) @No $ @ @  Haumann Thomas, MunzenbergUwe, Maes Wolfgang andSierckPeter, HF-Radiation levels of GSM Cellular PhoneTowers in Residential Areas, Proceedings 2nd InternationalWorkshop on Biological Effects of EMFS, 1, 327-333,(2002) @No $ @ @  Department of Telecommunications, Advisory Guidelinesfor State governments for issue of clearance for installationof mobile phones, India, (2013) @No $ @ @  BehariJitendra et al., Bio-initiative Report: A Rationale forBiologically-based exposure standards for low- intensityElectromagnetic Radiation, Bio-initiative Working Group,(2012) @No $ @ @  Kaur Jagbir and DhamiA. K., Orientation studies of a cellphone mast to assess electromagnetic radiation exposurelevel, International Journal of Environmental Sciences,2(3), (2012) @No