@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Phytoplankton Diversity of Western Yamuna Canal and River Yamuna in Yamunanagar, Haryana, India<#LINE#>Priyanka@Malhotra,Anita@Bhatnagar,Girish@Chopra<#LINE#>1-7<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-256.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra- 136119, INDIA<#LINE#>14/12/2013<#LINE#>1/1/2014<#LINE#>Phytoplankton contributes significantly to the productivity of aquatic ecosystem. Any effect on the quality of water is reflected in the community structure and diversity of phytoplankton. The present communication deals with the qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytoplankton in Western Yamuna Canal (WYC) and Yamuna river which receives industrial effluents and domestic sewage from point and non-point sources. Odum algal index was also used for analyzing the constituent diversity of algal species and monitoring the water quality. Sixteen taxa from western Yamuna Canal and thirty five taxa from river Yamuna have been observed belonging toChlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae and Dinophyceae. The abundance, distribution, total population, group percentage and species diversity were studied and correlated with pollution indicating water quality characteristics. Species diversity values indicated a decrease from pre effluent point to effluent discharge channeland post effluent discharge point. Maximum value of Odum’s algal index was observed for Cladophora spp. at WYC and for Micrasterias spp. and Navicula spp. at river Yamuna indicating them as tolerant taxa. <#LINE#> @ @ Ward A.D. and Elliot W.J., Environmental Hydrology, Lewis Publishers, Boca Radittaton, Florida (1995) @No $ @ @ Desai S.R., Subash Chandran M.D. and Ramachandra T.V., Phytoplankton diversity in Sharavati river basin, central western ghats, J.Soil and Wat Sci.,1(1), 7-66 (2008) @No $ @ @ Bhatnagar Anita, Chopra G. and Malhotra Priyanka, Water quality indices and a biotic characteristics of western Yamuna canal in Yamunanagar, Haryana, India, J. Nat And App Sci., 1(2), 149-154 (2009) @No $ @ @ Chopra Girish, Bhatnagar Anita and Malhotra Priyanka, Plank tonic community of the western Yamuna canal with special reference to industrial pollution. In: Proceedings of 22nd National Symposium, November 6, 7, 2008, PAU, Ludhiana: 73-80 (2011) @No $ @ @ Chopra Girish, Bhatnagar Anita and Malhotra Priyanka, Limnochemical characteristics of river Yamuna in Yamunanagar, Haryana, India, Inter j. water res and environ eng., 4(4), 97-104 (2012) @No $ @ @ Bhatnagar Anita, Chopra Girish and Malhotra Priyanka, Assessment of water quality of river Yamuna in Yamunanagar, India with reference to planktons and macrozoobenthos, Sch. J. Eng. and tech.,1(4), 204-213 (2013) @No $ @ @ Shannon E.E. and Weaver W., The mathematical theory of communication, University of Illinois, Press, Urhana, 117 (1963) @No $ @ @ Washington H.G., Diversity, biotic and similarity indices: A review with special relevance to aquatic ecosystems, Water Res.,18, 653-694 (1984) @No $ @ @ Pranitha V., Kalyani Y. and Singara Charya M.A., Odum’s algal index as indicator of water quality in Bhadrakali lake, Warangal, A.P., Inter J. Env. Pro.,29(8), 739-744 (2009) @No $ @ @ Odum E.P., Fundamental ecology (3rd edn.). W.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia and Troppan Co. Ltd. Tokyo: 574 (1971) @No $ @ @ Cado S., Miletic A. and Durkovic A., Phytoplankton, physicochemical and saprobiological characteristics of the Danube river, on the stretch through Serbia- Balwois. In: Proceedings of conference on water observation and information system for Decision support, Ohrid (2006) @No $ @ @ Farahani F., Korehi H., Mollakarami S., Skandari S., Zaferani S.G.G. and Shashm Z.M.C., Phytoplankton diversity and nutrients at the Jajerood River in Iran, Pak. J. Bio. Sci.,, 1787-1790 (2006) @No $ @ @ Chowdhury M.M.R., Mondol M.R.K. and Sarker C., Seasonal variation in plankton population of Borobila beel in Rangpur district, Univ. J. Zoo. Rajshahi University, 26, 49 -54 (2007) @No $ @ @ Somani V. and Pejaver M., Evaluation of pollution in the lake Masunda Thane (Maharashtra), J. Ecobio.,20(2), 163-166 (2007) @No $ @ @ Oritz R. and Cambra J., Distribution and taxonomic notes of Eunotia Ehrenberg 1837 (Bacillariophyceae) in rivers and streams of northern Spain, Limnetica., 26(2), 415-434 (2007) @No $ @ @ Tifman D., Ecological competition between algal experimental conformations of the resource based completion theory, Science, 192, 463-465 (1976) @No $ @ @ Senthilkumar R. and Sivakumar K., Studies on phytoplankton diversity in response to abiotic factors in Veeranam lake in the Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu, J. Env. bio., 29(5), 747-752 (2008) @No $ @ @ Zulkifly S. Hanshew A. Young E.B. Lee P. Graham M.E. Graham M.E. Piotrowski M. and Graham L.E., The epiphytic microbiota of the globally widespread macroalga Cladophora glomerata (Chlorophyta, Cladophorales), American J. Bot., 99(9), 1541-1552 (2012) @No $ @ @ Negi R.K. and Rajput A., Diversity of phytoplankton in the fresh water streams of  Kumaon Himalaya of Uttarakhand State, The Ecoscan., 5(1&2) 15-19 (2011) @No $ @ @ Patil Shilpa G., Chonde Sonal G., Jadhav Aasawari S. and Raut Prakash D., Impact of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Shivaji University lakes on Phytoplankton Communities, Kolhapur, India, Res. J. Rec. Sci.,1(2), 56-60 (2012) @No $ @ @ Hamaidi-Chergui F., Errahmani M.B., and HamaidiM.S., Preliminary Study on Physico-chemical Parameters and Phytoplankton of Chiffa River (Blida, Algeria), J. Eco., 155, 1-9 (2013) @No $ @ @ Tabasum T. and Trisal C.L., Progressive changes in phytoplankton community structure in urbanized lowland river flood plains- a multivariate approach, River res.app.,25(9), 1109-1125 (2008) @No $ @ @ Piirsoo K., Pall P., Tuvikene A. and Viik M., Temporal and spatial patterns of phytoplankton in a temperate lowland river (Emajogi, Estonia), J. Plank Res., 1-32 (2008) @No $ @ @ Chellappa N.T., Camara F.R.A. and Rocha O., Phytoplankton community: indicator of water quality in the Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves Reservoir and Pataxó Channel, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, Braz. J Bio., 69(2), 241-251 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ramesha M.M. and Sophia S., Species Composition and Diversity of Plankton in the River Seeta at Seetanadi, the Western Ghats, India, Adv. Bio Tech.,12(08), 20-27 (2013) @No $ @ @ Wilk-Wozniak E and Marshall H.G., Diel changes in phytoplankton composition and abundance in the surface and subsurface strata from a shallow eutrophic pond, Inter. Rev. hydrobiol.,94(1), 29-39 (2009) @No $ @ @ Singh D. and Jangde A.K., Studies of Physico-Chemical Parameter of River Belgirinalla, CG, INDIA, Inter Res. J. Env. Sci.,2(3), 41-45 (2013) @No $ @ @ Bhatnagar Anita and Garg S.K., Environmental impact assessment in river Ghaggar in Haryana, J. Nat cons.,10(2), 215-224 (1998) @No $ @ @ Basavaraja D., Narayana J., Puttaiah E.T. and Prakash K., Phytoplankton species diversity indices in Anjanapura reservoir, Western Ghat region, India, J. Env. Bio.,34, 805-810 (2013) @No
<#LINE#>Assessment of Drought Severity in Various Regions of Jharkhand State of India<#LINE#>Swati@Pandey,Manoj@Kumar,N.C.@Mahanti<#LINE#>8-14<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-257.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Applied Mathematics,BIT, Mesra, Ranchi- 835215, Jharkhand, INDIA @ Deptt. of Environmental Sciences, C.U.J., Brambe, Ranchi-835205, Jharkhand, INDIA <#LINE#>16/12/2013<#LINE#>28/1/2014<#LINE#>Drought originates from the deficiency of precipitation over an extended period of time, resulting in a water shortage for some activity, group, or environmental sector. Drought affects virtually all climatic regions and more than one half of the earth is susceptible to drought each year. In India, around 68 percent of the country’s area is prone to drought in varying degrees. There are 14 districts in the state of Jharkhand covering 100 blocks with an area of 34843 sq km (43.7 percent of the state area) which are covered under Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP) implemented by Government of India. In rain fed agriculture scenario, which exist in the Jharkhand state of India, the rainfall occurrence is the prime deciding factor in evaluating the crop yields. Variability in the rainfall occurrence in the state primarily results due to interaction of various climatic parameters resulting in normal or erratic rainfall. Many parts of the state experiences agricultural drought like conditions during Kharif (monsoon) season. There are many indices for the evaluation of drought. In the present study drought severity assessment in various regions of Jharkhand state was attempted based on computation of select drought indices viz; Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI), Aridity Index (Ia) and Departure Index (DI). Drought indices revealed that overall drought proneness is apparently high in Daltonganj and Chaibasa, although both of them have mild droughts in majority of the years. On the contrary in terms of moderate droughts, Dumka has the highest severity followed by Daltonganj, Jamshedpur and Dhanbad whereas Chaibasa and Ranchi has the least percentage.  <#LINE#> @ @ Hema Malini B. and Anuja T., Trends in the incidence of droughts in Jharkhand state, India, The Eastern Geographer, 13(1), 51-57(2007) @No $ @ @ Mushini V.S.R., Vaddi D.R. and  Bethapudi S.A.A., Assessment of Quality of Drinking Water at Srikurmam in Srikakulam  District, Andhra  Pradesh,  India,  Int.  Res.  J. Environment Sci., 1(2), 13-20 (2012) @No $ @ @ Oladipo E.O., A comparative performance analysis of three meteorological drought indices, Journal of Climatology, , 655-664 (1985) @No $ @ @ Gibbs W.J. and Mather J.V., Rainfall deciles as drought indicators, Bull. No. 48, Melbourne Bureau of Met., Melbourne (1967) @No $ @ @ Ramesh K. and Bhuvana Jagadeeswari P., Hydrochemical Characteristics of Groundwater for Domestic and Irrigation Purposes in Periyakulam Taluk of Theni  District, Tamil Nadu, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(1), 19-27 (2012) @No $ @ @ Subrahmanyam V.P. and Subramaniam, A.R., Some characteristicts and frequency of occurrence of droughts in the dry climatic zones of India, Bull.Internat. Assn. Sci. Hydro., XC, Annes, 3, 31-37 (1965) @No $ @ @ Dennett M.D., Elston J. and Rodgers J.A., A reappraisal of rainfall trends in the Sahel, Journal of Climatology, , 353-361 (1985) @No $ @ @ Todorov A.V., Sahel: the changing rainfall regime and the “Normals” used for its assessment, Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology, 24(2), 97-107 (1985) @No $ @ @ Tirkey Anamika Shalini, Pandey A.C. and Nathawat M.S., Groundwater Level and Rainfall Variability Trend Analysis using GIS in parts of Jharkhand state (India) for Sustainable Management of Water Resources, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(4), 24-31(2012) @No $ @ @ Indian Meteorological Department, Rainfall and Drought in India, Indian Meteorological Department, Government of India, Poona, India (1971) @No $ @ @ National Commission on Agriculture, Agricultural commission report, National Commission on Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, New Delhi, (1976) @No $ @ @ Van Rooy M.P., A rainfall anomaly index independent of time and space, Notos, 14, 43 (1965) @No $ @ @ Tilahun K., Analysis of rainfall climate and evapo-transpiration in arid and semi-arid regions of Ethiopia using data over the last half a century, Journal of Arid Environments, 64, 474-487 (2006) @No
<#LINE#>Impact of Low Cost Biosorbent Potatoes Peels for Biosorption of Lead on Two Important Pulses<#LINE#>S.@Haider,R.@Azmat,A.@Iqbal,H.@Nasreen,A.Z.@Wasti<#LINE#>15-19<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-261.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, Jinnah University for Women, 5C Nazimabad Karachi 74600,PAKISTAN @ Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, PAKISTAN @ Department of Biochemistry, Jinnah University for Women, 5C Nazimabad Karachi 74600,PAKISTAN  <#LINE#>19/12/2013<#LINE#>31/12/2013<#LINE#>Lead pollution is a key ecological problem facing the modern world especially Lead stress is the adverse hazard for all living organism. There are several conventional techniques for detoxification of heavy metal. Remediation of Lead stress using the vegetables peels is an emerging environmental cleaning method. Application of metal-accumulating plants to neutralize the Lead contagion from soil is the most emergent, environmentally friendly and inexpensive technology. The main objective of this research is to determine the remediation of Lead toxicity by utilizing the biosorbent potato peels. Previous investigation showed that concentration of Lead 200 - 250 ppm was exerted adverse effect on plant growth. Results reveal that adapting this green strategy for detoxification of Lead is very significant. Growth rate in both species Phaseolus mungo and Lens culinaris under this dynamic technology considerably enthused. Present data shows that potato peels have the biosorption capability for Lead ion and act as good adsorbent and have low-cost, it is abundantly present, requires little processing and is a byproduct of waste material. Results illustrate that morphological biochemical and physiological attributes enhanced in both pulses for using this technique. Current research also demonstrates that photosynthetic pigments are necessary component of plant life which was adversely influenced by Lead stress. But adapting this developing strategy water content and chlorophyll concentration increased so the growth rate automatically improved. Results revealed that potato peels are regarded as potential remediator of Lead stress that can be neutralize the toxic effect of Lead on plants and reduced the soil Lead contamination rate. <#LINE#> @ @ Azmat, R., Haider, S. and Askari, S., Phyotoxicity of Pb:IEffect of Pb on germination, growth, morphologyand histomorphology of Phaseolus mungo and Lens culinaris Pak. J. Biol. Sci.,9, 979-984 (2006) @No $ @ @ Haider, S., Kanwal, S., Uddin, F. and Azmat, R., Phytotoxicity of Pb: II. Changes in chlorophyll absorption spectrum due to toxic metal Pb stress on Phaseolus mungoand Lens culinaris,  Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 9,2062-2068 (2006) @No $ @ @ Shukla,S.R. and Pai, R.S., Removal of Pb (II) from solution using cellulose containing materials, J. Chem. Tech. Biotech., 80, 176-183 (2005) @No $ @ @ Ilya, R., Robert, D., Smith, D.E. and Salt, Phytoremediation of metals: using plants to remove pollutants from the environment,  Pt. Biotech.,8, 221-226 (1997) @No $ @ @ Salt, D.E., Smith, R.D. and Raskin, I.,  Phytoremediation, Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol., 49, 643-668(1998) @No $ @ @ Baker, A.J.M., McGrath, S.P., Reeves, R.D.  and Smith, J.A.C.,  Metal hyperaccumulator plants: a review of the ecology and physiology of a biochemical resource for phytoremediation of metal-polluted soils,  Phytoremed  cont soil & water., 85–107 (2000) @No $ @ @ Prasad, M.N.V. D. and Oliveira-Freitas, H.M., Metal hyperaccumulation in plants—Biodiversity prospecting for Phytoremediation technology,  Electr. J. Biotech.,6,285–321(2003) @No $ @ @ Zhou, Q.X. and Song, Y.F., Principles, Methods of Contaminated Soil Remediation, Beijing: Science Press (2004) @No $ @ @ Dunbar, K.R., McLaughlin, M.J. and Reid, R.J., The uptake and partitioning of cadmium in two cultivars of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.),  J. Exp. Bot., 54. (381), 349-54(2003) @No $ @ @ Banasova, V., Horak, O., Nadubinska, M., Ciamporova, M. and Lichtscheidl, I.,  Heavy metal content in Thlaspi caerulescens J. et C. Presl growing on metalliferous and non-metalliferous soils in Central Slovakia, Intern J. Env. & Pollut.,33,133–145 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sun, Y.B., Zhou, Q.X. and Diao, C.Y., Effects of cadmium and arsenic on growth and metal accumulation of Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L.,  Biores Techn.,99(5), 1103–1110 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sun, Q., Ye, Z.H., Wang, X.R., and Wong, M.H.,  Cadmium hyperaccumulation leads to an increase of glutathione rather than phytochelatins in the cadmium hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii,  J. Pt Physiol.,164,1489–1498 (2007) @No $ @ @ Saraswat,  S. and Rai, J.P.N., Phytoextraction potential of six plant species grown in multimetal contaminated soil,  Chem.Eco.,25, 1-11 (2009) @No $ @ @ Barcelo´ J.  and Poschenrieder  C., Phytoremediation: principles and  perspectives, Contributions to Sci., 2,333–344 (2003) @No $ @ @ Sun Y, Zhou Q, Wang L. and Liu W., Cadmium tolerance and accumulation characteristics of Bidens pilosa L. as a potential Cd-hyperaccumulator, J. Hazard. Mater.,161(2-3), 808-814 (2009) @No $ @ @ Muhammad, A.A., Abdul, W., Karamat, M., Mohd. J.M. and Ismail, Y., Low cost biosorbent banana peel (Musa sapientum) for the removal of heavy metals. Scientific Research and Essays,  6(19), 4055-4064 (2011) @No $ @ @ Azadeh, M.S., Hashem, P., Nima, H. and Amirhosein E., Phenolics in Potato Peels: Extraction and Utilization as Natural Antioxidants, World Appli.  Sci. J., 18 (2), 191-195 (2012) @No $ @ @ Chaney, R.L., Brown, S.L., Li, Y.M., Angle, J.S., Stuczynski, T.I., Daniels, W.L., Henry, C.L., Siebelec, G., Malik,,M. and Ryan, J.A., Compton H.  “Progress in risk assessment for soil metals, and in-situ remediation and phytoextraction of metals from hazardous contaminated soils. U.S-EPA Phytoremediation: State of Science, Boston, MA. (2000) @No
<#LINE#>Acetylcholinesterase activities in the Nervous system of snail Lymnaea acuminata as Biomarkers of Water pollutants in Ramgarh Lake, Gorakhpur, UP, India<#LINE#>Nitu@Singh<#LINE#>20-26<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-264.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Applied Science and Humanities, Buddha Institute of Technology, Gida, Gorakhpur, UP, INDIA<#LINE#>26/12/2013<#LINE#>16/1/2014<#LINE#>The effect of different environmental factors in different season and their relative effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme in the nervous tissue of snail Lymnaea acuminate were determined during various months of the year (2007-2008). Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), carbon dioxide (CO), conductivity and turbidity were measured in control (tap water) as well as polluted water (Ramgarh lake) was measured simultaneously, that such ,the nervous tissue of the snail was assayed for the activity of acetylcholinesterase at 24h and 96h, physical and chemical parameters of the twelve months of the same year. Highest inhibition of AChE was observed in summer season and minimum in winter season. In summer season AChE inhibition was high because temperature, carbondioxide (CO) and turbidity was high and pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), conductivity was low. There was a significant product positive and negative correlation between AChE and pH Temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), carbondioxide (CO), conductivity and turbidity of water in corresponding months. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze differences in biomarkers activity and each site. <#LINE#> @ @ Singh D.K and Agarwal R.A., Inhibition Kinetics of certain organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides on acetylcholinesterase from the snail Lymnaea acuminate,Toxicology letters,19, 313-319 (1983) @No $ @ @ Tony O., Lucy E., Tom F., Amanda C. and Mark C., Variability in acetylcholinesterase and Glutathione S-Transferase activities in Chironomus riparius deployed in situ at uncontaminated field sites, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,20  1725-1732 (2001) @No $ @ @ APHA, Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water analysis, 21st edn. Washington, DC (2005) @No $ @ @ Ellman G.L., Courtney K.D., Andress V. and Featherstone R.M., A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity, Biochemical pharmacology,7, 88-95 (1961) @No $ @ @ Singh D.K., Singh O. and Agarwal R.A., Comparative study of cholinesterase in two snails Pila globosa and L. acuminata, Journal of Physiology, 78, 467-472 (1982) @No $ @ @ Lowry O.H., Rosebrough N.J., Farr, A.L. and Randall R.J., Protein measurement with folin phenol reagent, Journal of Biological chemistry193  265-275 (1951) @No $ @ @ Shivayogimath C.B, Kalburgi P.B, Deshannavar U.B and Virupakshaiah D.B.M, Water Quality evaluation of River Ghataprabha, India, I Research journal of environmental sciences, 1(1),12-18 (2012) @No $ @ @ Srinivas J., Purushotham A.V. and Murali Krishna K.V.S.G., Determination of Water Quality Index in Industrial areas of Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA, International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 2(5),37-45(2013) @No $ @ @ Yadav, Studies on the effects of Municipal wastes on some Haematological parameters of a fresh water Edible Fish, 48-67 (2007) @No $ @ @ Singh V., Effect of Seasonal changes on the toxicity of certain molluscicides against snail Lymnaea acuminate, Thesis, University of Gkp. (U.P) (2009) @No $ @ @ Singh V. and Singh D.K., The effect of abiotic factors on the toxicity of cypermethrin against the snail Lymnaea acuminatain the control of facioliasis, Journal of helminthology, 83,  39-45 (2009) @No $ @ @ Tripathi N.N. Shukla J.P. and Mishra M., Seasonal variations in hydrological parameters and biodiversity of ichthyofauna of Sikandrapur reservoir, Basti, (U.P), J. Ecophysiol. Occup. Hith., 8, 73-82 (2008) @No $ @ @ Khanna R.D., Singh V., Bhutiani R., Chandra S.K., Matta G. and Kumar D., A study of biotic and abiotic factors of Song River at Dehradun, Uttrakhand, Env. Con. J., 8,  117–126 (2007) @No $ @ @ Water watch Australia, National Technical Manual, Module 4: Physical and chemical parameters, Water watch Australia Steering Committee Environment Australia (2002) @No $ @ @ Ishak M.M. and Mohamed A.M., Effect of sublethal doses of copper sulphate and bayluscide on survival and oxygen consumption of the snail Biomphalaria alexandrina,Hydrobiologia,47, 499-512 (1975) @No $ @ @ Watten B.J., Method and apparatus for control of aquatic vertebrate and invertebrate invasive species Document Type and Number: 11/23/2004 United States Patent 6821442 (Winchester, VA)(2004) @No $ @ @ Berge J.A., Bjerkeng B., Pettersen O., Schaanning M.T. and Oxnevad S., Effects of increased sea water concentrations of CO on growth of the bivalve, Mytilus edulis L. Chemosphere,62, 681-687 (2006) @No $ @ @ Toews K.L., Shroll R.M., Wai C.M. and Smart N.G., pH – Defining equilibrium between water and supercritical COinfluence on SFE of organics and metal chelates, Analytical Chemistry, 67,  4040-4043 (1995) @No $ @ @ Jigyasu H.V. and Singh V.K., Effect of environmental factors on the fecundity, hatchability and survival of snail Lymnaea (Radix) acuminata (Lamark): Vector of Fascioliasis, Journal of water and health, 8, 109-115 (2010) @No $ @ @ Bouquene G. and Galgani F., Cholinesterase inhibitions by organophorus and carbamate compounds, ICES Tech. Mar. Environ. Sci., 24, 54-63 (1996) @No $ @ @ Wepener V., Van Vuren J.H.J., Chatiza F.P., Mbizi Z. and Sla L., Active biomonitoring in fresh water environments: early warning signals from biomarkers in assessing biological effects of defuse sources of pollutants, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth., 30, 751-761 (2005) @No
<#LINE#>Quantification of Iron in Hair Samples of workers of Textile Industry near Sheikhupura, Faisalabad Road Pakistan<#LINE#>Hina@Chaudhry,Aisha@Masood<#LINE#>27-31<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-267.pdf<#LINE#> Lahore College for Women University, Department of Environmental Science, Lahore, PAKISTAN<#LINE#>29/12/2013<#LINE#>10/1/2014<#LINE#>The current study was conducted to quantify iron content in scalp hair samples of workers of textile industry near Sheikhupura, Faisalabad Road Pakistan in 2013. This study aimed to assess nutritional deficiencies of iron. The hair samples were collected from 50 respondents working in textile industry age ranged 16-61 years. Prior to analysis, samples were washed with organic detergent and then hair samples were digested afterward in acid mixture. The concentration of iron was assessed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results revealed that concentration of iron in hair was 1.03±1.29ppm. There was a significant low levels of iron in hair when compared with the permissible limit P0.05. Pearson’s correlation of iron concentration with age (.16 &#x-1.0;ȃ .05), weight (.41 &#x-1.0;ȃ .05), BMI (.51 &#x-1.0;ȃ .05) and prevalent diseases (.17 &#x-1.0;ȃ .05) was more than .05 thus showed a positive correlation. Only height (-.14 &#x-1.0;ȃ .05) had a negative correlation with concentration. Socioeconomic status of workers had effect on the levels of iron in hair because lower income levels equated to poorer food quality and less consumption of iron rich diet. <#LINE#> @ @ Aisen, P., Enns, C. and Wessling-Resnick M., Chemistry and biology of eukaryotic iron metabolism, the international journal of biochemistry & cell biology,33(10), 940-959 (2001) @No $ @ @ Gilmour P.S., Brown D.M., Lindsay, T.G., Beswick P.H., Macnee W. and Donaldson K., Adverse health effects of PM10 particles: involvement of iron in generation of hydroxyl radical, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 53(12), 817–822 (1996) @No $ @ @ Ghio, A. J., Funkhouser, W., Pugh, C. B., Winters, S., Stonehuerner, J. G., Mahar, A. M. and Roggli, V. L., Pulmonary fibrosis and ferruginous bodies associated with exposure to synthetic fibers, Toxicological pathology,34(6), 723-729 (2006) @No $ @ @ Wilson H., Carr C. and Hacke M., Production and validation of model iron-tannate dyed textiles for use as historic textile substitutes in stabilization treatment studies, Chemistry Central Journal,6(1), 1-13 (2012) @No $ @ @ KrögerOhlsen, M. V., Trugvason, T., Skibsted, L. H. and Michaelsen, K. F., Release of iron into foods cooked in an iron pot: effect of pH, salt, and organic acids, Journal of food science,67(9), 3301-3303 (2002) @No $ @ @ Bothwell, T. H., Charlton, R. W., Cook, J. D. and Finch, C. A., Iron metabolism in man, Iron metabolism in man,(1979) @No $ @ @ Charlton, R. W. and Bothwell, T. H., Definition, prevalence and prevention of iron deficiency, Clinical Haematology, 11, 309–25 (1982) @No $ @ @ DeMaeyer, E. and Adiels-Tegman, M., The prevalence of anaemia in the world, World Health Statistics Quarterly, 38, 302–16 (1985) @No $ @ @ Pihl R.O., Drake H. and Vrana F., Hair Analysis in Learning and Behavior Problems. Hair, Trace Elements, and Human Illness, Praeger, Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, (1980) @No $ @ @ Karpas, Z., Lorber, A., Sela, H., Paz-Tal, O., Hagag, Y., Kurttio, P. and Salonen, L., Measurement of the 234U/238U ratio by MC-ICPMS in drinking water, hair, nails, and urine as an indicator of uranium exposure source, Health physics,89(4), 315-321 (2005) @No $ @ @ Barlow, P. J. and Kapel, M., Metal and Sulfur Contents of Hair in Relation to Certain Mental States, Hair, Trace Elements, and Human Illness Brown, (1980) @No $ @ @ Ciszewski, A., Wasiak, W. and Ciszewska, W., Hair analysis. Part 2. Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric determination of thallium in human hair samples of persons in permanent contact with lead in their workplace, Analytica chimica acta,343(3), 225-229 (1997) @No $ @ @ WHO Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Worldwide prevalence of anaemia, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, (2008) @No $ @ @ Abdulrahman, F. I., Akan, J. C., Chellube, Z. M. and Waziri, M., Levels of Heavy Metals in Human Hair and Nail Samples from Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, Nigeria, World Environment,2(4), 81-89 (2012) @No $ @ @ Vitale, J. J. and Broitman, S. A., Impact of nutrition on immune function, Advances in Human Clinical Nutrition, John Wright, Boston, Massachusetts, (1982) @No
<#LINE#>Treatability of Optimized Direct Blue 5 Dye Used in Handmade Paper Unit by Ozonation Method<#LINE#>Ajendra@Kumar<#LINE#>32-35<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-002.pdf<#LINE#> Gaya College of Engineering, Gaya, INDIA<#LINE#>7/1/2014<#LINE#>12/1/2014<#LINE#>The present paper highlights the studies with direct blue 5 dyes which is widely used in handmade paper making and textile sector for dyeing purposes. The Central composite design experiment was studied for modeling of ozonation treatment for decolorization of direct blue 5 dye solution. The optimization of parameters ie. Initial concentration of dye solution and time of ozonation treatment on decolorization efficiency of ozonation treatment has been studied. The maximum decolorization was achieved for 125 ppm dye concentration after 60 minutes. The color removal of direct blue with ozone showed best fitting with linear model. <#LINE#> @ @ Kumar A, Singh K, Gupta A B, Saakshy, Sharma A K, Hussain G, Optimization of Color Removal of Effluent of Handmade Paper Unit by Ozonation Method, 97th Indian Science Congress, January 3-7 2010, Thiruvananthapuram, (2010) @No $ @ @ Dong Y., He K., Zhao B., Yin Y., Yin L., Zhang A., Catalytic ozonation of azo dye active brilliant red X-3B in water with natural mineral brucite, Catalysis Communications, , 1599–1603 (2007) @No $ @ @ Santos A.B.D., Cervantes F.J., Lier J.B.V., Review paper on current technologies for decolorization of textile wastewaters: Perspectives for anaerobic biotechnology, Biores. Tech., 98, 2369–2385 (2007) @No $ @ @ Martins A.O., Canalli V.M., Azevedo c.M.N., Pires M., Degradation of pararosaniline (C.I. Basic Red 9 monohydrochloride) dye by ozonation and sonolysis, Dyes and Pigments, 68, 227-234 (2006) @No $ @ @ Zhao W., Wu Z., Wang D., Ozone direct oxidation kinetics of Cationic Red X-GRL in aqueous solution, J. of Hazardous Materials, B137,1859–1865 (2006) @No $ @ @ Song S., He Z., Qiu J., Xu L., Chen J., Ozone assisted electrocoagulation for decolorization of C.I. Reactive Black 5 in aqueous solution: An investigation of the effect of operational parameters, Separation and Purification Technology, 55, 238–245 (2007) @No $ @ @ Lackey L.W., Mines Jr R.o., McCreanor P.T., Ozonation of acid yellow 17 dye in a semi-batch bubble column, J. of Hazardous Materials, B138, 357–362 (2006) @No $ @ @ Erol F., Ozbelge T.A., Catalytic ozonation with non-polar bonded alumina phases for treatment of aqueous dye solutions in a semi-batch reactor, Chem. Eng. J., 139, 272–283 (2008) @No $ @ @ Zou L., Zhu B., The synergistic effect of ozonation and photocatalysis on color removal from reused water, J. of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 196, 24–32 (2008) @No $ @ @ Ince N.H., Tezcanl G., Reactive dyestuff degradation by combined sonolysis and ozonation, Dyes and Pigments, 49, 145–153 (2001) @No $ @ @ Khadhraoui M., Trabelsi H., Ksibi M., Bouguerra S., Elleuch B., Discoloration and detoxicification of a Congo red dye solution by means of ozone treatment for a possible water reuse, J. of Hazardous Materials, 161(2-3), 974-981(2008) @No $ @ @ Muthukumar M., Sargunamani D., Selvakumar N., Rao J.V., Optimization of ozone treatment for colour and COD removal of acid dye effluent using central composite design experiment, Dyes and Pigments, 63, 127–134 (2004) @No $ @ @ Song S., Yao J., He Z., Qiu J., Chen J., Effect of operational parameters on the decolorization of C.I. Reactive Blue 19 in aqueous solution by ozone-enhanced electrocoagulation, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 152, 204–210 (2008) @No
<#LINE#>Ichtyofaunal Diversity of the Rigth bank of Congo River (Pool Malebo), Congo<#LINE#>Dirat I.@Mady-Goma,M.@Mikia,A.@Tsoumou,J.@Vouidibio<#LINE#>36-47<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-003.pdf<#LINE#>Laboratory of Animal Biology Research and Ecology, ENS, University Marien Ngouabi, PoB 69 Brazzaville, CONGO @ Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University Marien Ngouabi, PoB 69 Brazzaville, CONGO <#LINE#>9/1/2014<#LINE#>17/1/2014<#LINE#>The present study was carried out in three stations (Kintele, Chacona and Port Leon) of the right bank of Congo River (Pool-Malebo) from January 2010 to December 2011. Monthly variations of physicochemical parameters and fish fauna diversity were observed. Among physiochemical parameters measured, conductivity and Total  Dissolved  Solid(TDS) varied following stations and months. 19317 specimens identified belonging to 165 species, 60 genera, 19 families and 8 orders. Shannon diversity index and equitability vary following prospection site and season. The relative specific abundance varies also following station and season.  The most abundant species were Micralestes acutidens (16%)atKintele (station1),Ctenochromis polli (15%)andClypeobarbus pleuropholis(14%) at Chacona (station 2). Clypeobarbus pleuropholis (35%) dominate the collection of Port Leon (station 3). The present study will provide a database for conservation and fisheries departments to help them for a good management of icthyofauna conservation of Congo River. <#LINE#> @ @ Groom M.J., Meffe G.K. and Caroll C.R.  Principles of Conservation Biology, 3ed. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA. (1,2,4) (2006) @No $ @ @ Millenium Ecosystem Assessmant (MEA). Ecosystem and Human Well-being. 4 volumes. Island Press, Covelo, CA. (1,3,4,5,9) (2005) @No $ @ @ Forister M.L., McCall AC, Sanders N.J., Fordyce J.A., Thorne J.H., Waetjen D.P., Shapiro A.M. Compounded effects of climate change and habitat alteration shift patterns of butterfly diversity, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107, 2088–2092 (2010) @No $ @ @ Mohan V.C., Sharma K.K., Sharma A. and Watts P. The Study of Ichthyofaunal Diversity of Chenani Hydroelectric Reservoir, Udhampur (J&K) India, International Research Journal of Environment Sciences2(6), 8-12 (2013) @No $ @ @ Galactos K., Barriga-Salazar R. and Stewart D.J., Seasonal and habitat influences on fish communities within the lower Yasuni River basin of the Ecuadorian Amazon, Environmental Biology of Fishes., 71, 33–51 (2004) @No $ @ @ Hamzah N., Assessment on water quality and biodiversity within Sungai Batu Pahat, M.phil thesis, University Teknologi Malaysia, 124 (2007) @No $ @ @ Teugels G. G. et J. F. Guegan, Diversité biologique des poissons d’eaux douces de la Basse Guinée et de l’Afrique Centrale. In : Teugels G. G. et J. F. Guegan et J.J. Albaret (eds)Diversité biologique des poissons des eaux douces et saumâtres d’Afrique M.R.A.C.,Tervuern, Belgique, Ann., Scs Zoo., 272, 67-85. (1994) @No $ @ @ Sullivan, J.P., S. Lavoué et J.P. Friel. A la découverte des poissons du parc national d’Odzala. Canopée n° 26, 5. (2002) @No $ @ @ Mady-Goma Dirat I., A. Tsoumou et Vouidibio J., Données préliminaires sur l’ichtyofaune de la basse Alima (bassin du Congo). In Mbongui, revue pluridisciplinaire de recherche université Marien Ngouabi, 39-52 (2006) @No $ @ @ Mamonekene V., Les ressources halieutiques de la réserve communautaire du lac Télé / Likouala aux herbes  Diversité et exploitation. Rapport de consultation, 25 (2006) @No $ @ @ Mady - Goma Dirat I., Mikia M., Tsoumou A., Samba G., Vouidibio J. & Pandaré D., Données préliminaires sur l’ichtyofaune de Kintélé (Pool - Malebo ). Annales de l’Université Marien Ngouabi, 51 - 62 (2008) @No $ @ @ Ibala Zamba A., Faune des poissons des rivières Luki et Lefini (Bassin du Congo) : Diversité et Ecologie. Thèse de doctorat (PhD) en Sciences, Université de Leuven, 452 (2010) @No $ @ @ Mikia M., Etude préliminaire de l’ichtyofaune du cours inférieur de la rivière Djiri (Affluent du fleuve Congo). Mémoire de DEA  Faculté des Sciences, 69 (2010) @No $ @ @ Levêque C., Paugy D. & Teugels G. G., Faune des poissons d’eau douce et saumâtre d’Afrique de l’Ouest. Tome 1 ; Edition de l’ORSTOM ; 384 (1990) @No $ @ @ Levêque C., Paugy D. & Teugels G.G., Faune des poissons d’eau douce et saumâtre d’Afrique de l’Ouest. Tome 2 ; Edition de l’ORSTOM ; 382-902 (1990) @No $ @ @ Paugy D., Révision systématique des Alestes et Brycinus africains (pieces Characidae). Collection Etudes et Thèses, ORSTOM, Paris, 295 (1986) @No $ @ @ Poll M. les poissons du Stanley- Pool. Annales du Musée Royal du Congo Belge, Tervuren, 60  (1939) @No $ @ @ Poll M., Les genres des poissons d’eau douce d’Afrique. Ann. Mus. Royal du Congo Belge- Zool., 191, (1957) @No $ @ @ Stiassny M.L.J., G.G. Teugels et C.D. Hopkins, Poissons d’eaux douces et saumâtres de la basse Guinée, Ouest de l’Afrique Centrale. Vol.1 ; Edition du MRAC, 800, (2007) @No $ @ @ Lévêque C. et D. Paugy, Les poissons des eaux continentales africaines, Diversité, écologie, utilisation par l’homme. Edition de l’IRD., 564 (2006) @No $ @ @ Daget J., Kid J. P. and Thys Van Den Audenaerde D. F. E. (Eds), Cloffa 1 Check list of the freshwater fishes of Africa. Volume I ISNB Brussels MRAC Tervuren Orstom Paris 410 (1986) @No $ @ @ Daget J., kid J. P. and Thys Van Den Audenaerde D. F. E. (Eds), Cloffa 2 Check list of the freshwater fishes of Africa. Volume II ISNB Brussels MRAC Tervuren Orstom Paris  520 (1986) @No $ @ @ Daget J., J.P. Gosse & Thys Van Den Audenaerde, Cloffa (check-list of the fresh water fishes of Africa), Volume IV; ISBN, M.R.A.C., (Tervuren) & ORSTOM 5, Paris; 533(1991) @No $ @ @ Shannon C. E., Weaver, W., The mathematical theory of communication, University Illinois Press, Urbana, IL, 117 (1949) @No $ @ @ Pielou E. C., Ecological diversity, John Wiley, New York, 165 (1975) @No
<#LINE#>Impact of Soil Organic carbon on Bulk Density and plasticity index of Arid Soils of Raichur, India<#LINE#>M. Hugar@Guruprasad,Veena S.@Soraganvi<#LINE#>48-58<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-006.pdf<#LINE#> Dept. of Civil Engineering, Government Engineering College, Raichur-584134, Karnataka, INDIA @ Dept. of Civil Engineering, Basaveshwar Engineering College, Bagalkot-587102, Karnataka, INDIA<#LINE#>9/1/2014<#LINE#>16/1/2014<#LINE#>To assess the impact of soil organic carbon (SOC) on Bulk density (BD) and plasticity index (PI) of arid soils, a laboratory study was conducted on four of the arid soils namely black cotton, red, marshy and mountainous, obtained from organic farms. Wastes like humus, pressmud, bagasseash and flyash were used as a source of SOC to amend with the soils. SOC  inputs were made volumetrically up to 70% in the increments of 10% of the soil columns which resulted in 0.08 gm/gm-4.18 gm/gm for black cotton, 0.06 gm/gm-2.99 gm/gm for red, 0.06 gm/gm -3.16 gm/gm for marshy and 0.07 gm/gm -3.57 gm/gm for mountainous soil. There was also a control column without any external addition of SOC. The relation between SOC, BD and PI was analyzed by series of experiments carried in triplicate in three different phases based on the mode of application of SOC. The lowest PI  were 3.00%, 2.97%, nil and 1.83% similarly lowest BD were 0.73 gm/cc, 0.81 gm/cc, 0.75 gm/cc and 0.83 gm/cc for black cotton, red, marshy and mountainous soils respectively. Phase I performed better for red soil, phase II for black cotton, and phase III for mountainous soils with respect to PI; while it was phase I that performed better for red, phase III for back cotton, mountainous and marshy soils with respect to BD. The positive relation between SOC and BD was observed. Thus, organic carbon input will be a suitable key for sustainable soil management.  <#LINE#> @ @ Hall D.G.M., Reeve M.J., Thomasson A.J. and Wright V.F., Water Retention, Porosity and Density of Field Soils, Soil Survey Technical Monograph No. 9, Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, 75 (1977) @No $ @ @ Rawls W.J., Brakensiek D.L. and Saxton K.F., Soil Water Characteristics. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. Paper No. 81-2510 (1981) @No $ @ @ King D., Jones R.J.A. and Thomasson A.J. (eds.),. European Land Information Systems for Agro-environmental Monitoring, CEC, JRC Ispra, Italy,  284 (1995) @No $ @ @ Bruand A., Duval O., Wösten J.H.M. and Lilly A., (eds.), The use of Pedotransfer in Soil Hydrology Research in Europe. Proceedings of the second workshop. INRA, Orleans, France, 10-12/10/1996, INRA, Orleans and EC/JRC Ispra,  211 (1996) @No $ @ @ Thomas G.W., Haszler G.R., Blevins R.L., The effects of organic matter and tillage on maximum compactibility of soils using the Proctor test, Soil Sci., 161, 502±508 (1996) @No $ @ @ Paul C.L., Effects of ®lter press mud on the soil physical conditions in a sandy soil, Tropical Agric. Trinidad J.,51, 288± 292 (1974) @No $ @ @ Baver L.D., Gardner W.H., Gardner W.R., Soil Physics, Wiley, New York, 498 (1972) @No $ @ @ Ellies,. Mechanical consolidation in volcanic ash soils. In: Drescher, J., Horn, R., De Boodt, M. (Eds.), Impact of Water and External Forces on Soil Structure, Supplement 11, Catena. Cremligen-Destedt, Hannover, 87±92 (1986) @No $ @ @ Soane B.D., The role of organic matter in soil compactibility: a review of some practical aspects, Soil Till. Res., 16, 179±201 (1990) @No $ @ @ Rawls W.J., Pachepsky Y.A., Ritchiea J.C., Sobeckic T.M., Bloodworth H., Effect of soil organic carbon on soil water retention, Geoderma, 116 62,  61–76 (2003) @No $ @ @ Ekwue E.I. and Stone R.J., Density moisture relation of some Trinidadian soils incorporated with sewage sludge. Trans. ASAE 40, 317±323 (1997) @No $ @ @ Eghbal M.K., Hajabbasi M.A., Golse®di H.T.,. Mechanism of crust formation on a soil in central Iran, Plant and Soil, 180, 67±73 (1996) @No $ @ @ Doran J.W. and Safley M., Defining and assessing soil health and sustainable productivity. In 'Biological Indicators of Soil Health. (Eds C. E. Pankhurst, B. M. Doube, and V. V. S. R. Gupta.) pp. 1-28. (CAB International: New York.) Dullien, F.A.L., F.S.Y. Lai, and I.F. Macdonald, 1986. Hydraulic continuity of residual wetting phase in porous media, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 109(1), 201-218 (1997) @No $ @ @ Government of India Ministry of Water Resources Central Ground Water   Board, Ground Water Information Booklet Raichur District Karnataka http://cgwb.gov.in /District_Profile/karnataka/raichur.pdf @No $ @ @ Bahremand M.R., Afyuni, M.,. Short and mid-term effects of organic fertilizers on some soil physical properties. In:Proceedings of the Sixth Iranian Congress of Soil Science, Mashad, Iran, August 28±31, 288±289 (1999) @No $ @ @ Walkley A. and I.A. Black, An examination of Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method, Soil Sci., 37, 29-37 (1934) @No $ @ @ Ram L.C., Jha S.K., Jha G.K., Das M.C. and Singh G., Effect of fly ash from FSTPP on the cultivation of wheat and paddy crops in alluvial soil of Murshidabad district. In: L.C. Ram, (Ed.), Proceedings of the National Seminar on Bulk Utilization of Fly Ash in Agriculture and for Value-added Products, Technical Session V. CFRI, Dhanbad, India, 200–210 (1999) @No $ @ @ Indrek Ku¨laots, Robert H. Hurt, Eric M. Suuberg, Size distribution of unburned carbon in coal fly ash and its implications, Science direct Fuel, .223–230, 83 (2004) @No $ @ @ Selman A. Waksman, Humus Origin, Chemical Composition and Importance In Nature, Baltimore The Williams and Wilkins Company, (1986) @No $ @ @ 2Nehra A.S. and I.S. Hooda, Influence of integrated use of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on lentil and mungbean yields and soil properties, Res. on Crops., 3(1), 11-16 (2002) @No $ @ @ Ramaswamy P.P., Recycling of agricultural and agro-industry waste for sustainable agricultural production, J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci.,47(4), 661–665 (1999) @No $ @ @ Li Y. and N.C. Wardlaw, Mechanisms of nonwetting phase trapping during imbibition at slow rates, J. Colloid Interface Sci.,109, 473- 486 (1986) @No $ @ @ Mason G. and Morrow N.R., Capillary behavior of a perfectly wetting liquid in irregular triangular tubes, J. Colloid Interface Sci.,141(1), 262-274 (1991) @No $ @ @ Morrow N.R. and X. Xie,. Surface energy and imbibition into triangular pores, In: M.Th. vanGenuchten, F.J. Leij, and L. Wu (eds.), Proc. Int. Workshop on the Characterization and Measurement of the Hydraulic Properties of Unsaturated Porous Media, University of California, Riverside, CA (1998) @No
<#LINE#>Impact of Municipal Rubbish dumps on major soil Nutrients in north of Tunisia<#LINE#>Seghaier Wided@Ouled,Chabane@Abbes,Ikbel@Zouaoui,Foued@Hasnaoui,Brahim@Hasnaoui<#LINE#>59-69<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-009.pdf<#LINE#>Faculté des sciences de Bizerte, TUNISIE @ Institut Sylvo-Pastoral de Tabarka, TUNISIE <#LINE#>11/1/2014<#LINE#>29/1/2014<#LINE#>Technological progress and population growth have led to an evolution of municipal solid waste production. The management of these wastes has long been reduced to their mere burying or deposit on unprepared and/or inadequate land. In these rubbish dumps, bad smell resulting from the fermentation process of organic matter, as well as the presence of high concentrations of heavy metals (cadmium, zinc, copper, manganese) can create poisoning problems in the environment or to human health. The present study was to evaluate the impact of municipal rubbish dumps in the city of Tabarka (Tunisia) on the surrounding environment. The study considered three different municipal waste disposal sites respectively of 5, 10 and 20 years of age and compared them with pilot soil located about 500 m at the downstream and the upstream of the center of the dump. Samples of soil were taken from various stations. We noticed that the carbon content of the soil was multiplied by four inward from the area adjacent to the center of the waste disposal. Similarly, moving from an uncontaminated to a contaminated location (any station confused), the amount is multiplied by two for nitrogen and by eight for phosphorus. For these three minerals seasonal variation was not statistically significant. For calcium, potassium and sodium, the highest concentrations were recorded in the center of the rubbish dumps. Although these concentrations varied significantly between stations and localities, the highest values were always recorded in the contaminated areas. <#LINE#> @ @ Ziadat, A.H. and Mott, H., Assessing solid waste recycling opportunities for closed campuses, Management of Environmental Quality, 16(3), 250-256 (2005) @No $ @ @ Igoni A.H., Ayotamuno M.J., Ogagi S.O.T. and Probert S.D., Municipal solid waste in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Appl. Energy, 84, 664-670 (2007) @No $ @ @ Frosch R.A., Toward the end of waste: reflections on a new ecology for industry, Daedalus, 125(3), 199-212 (1996) @No $ @ @ Blum W.H.E., Problems of soil conservation. Nature and Environment, 40, Council of Europe, Strasbourg (1988) @No $ @ @ Ladwani Kiran D., Ladwani Krishna D., Manik Vivek S. and Ramteke Dilip S., Impact of Industrial Effluent Discharge on Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Agricultural Soil, International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 1(3), 32-36 (2012) @No $ @ @ Blum W.E.H., Functions of soil for Society and the Environment, Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology. 4(3), 75-79 (2005) @No $ @ @ Nortcliff S., Standardization of soil quality attributes. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 88, 161-168 (2002) @No $ @ @ V&#462;rallyay Gy., Soil and its functions. (A talaj és functi&#559;i). Magyar Tudom&#462;ny The journal of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. XLII (12), 1414-1430. In Hungarian (1997) @No $ @ @ Sanchez, P. A. and Swaminathan, M. S., Hunger in Africa: the link between unhealthy people and unhealthy soils, The Lancet, (365), 442-444 (2005) @No $ @ @ Karlen D.L., Mausbach M.J., Doran J.W., Cline R.G., Harris R.F. and Schuman G.E., Soil quality: a concept, definition and framework for evaluation, Soil Science Society of America Journal, (61), 4-10 (1997) @No $ @ @ Schwartz C., Muller, J.C., and Decroux, J., Guide de la fertilisation raisonnée. Grandes cultures et prairies, Editions France Agricole : 414 (2005) @No $ @ @ Cambier P., Schvartz C., Van Oort F., Les contaminations métalliques des agrosystèmes et écosystèmes périindustriels, Versailles (FRA): Éditions QUAE, 115-130 (2009) @No $ @ @ Bremner, J.S. and Mulvaney. C. S., Nitrogen –total. Publication of the American Society of Agronomy, (9), 580-623 (1982) @No $ @ @ Ryan, J., Garabet, S., Harmsen, K., and Rachid, A., Soil and plant analyses. Manual adapted for the West and North Africa Region, ICARDA Tech. Bulletin (1996) @No $ @ @ Van Wesmael B. and Brahy V., La matière organique dans les sols, In CEEW (2007) op. cit., 468-475 (2006) @No $ @ @ Amacher M. C., O’Neill K. P., and Perry C. H., Soil Vital Signs: A new Soil Quality Index (SQI) for Assessing Forest Soil Health. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 3-4 (2007) @No $ @ @ Swiderski, C., Saby N.P.A., Party J.P., Sauter J., KÖller R., Vandijk P., Lemercier B., Arrouys D., Evoluion des teneurs en carbone organique dans l’horizon de surface des sols cultivés en Alsace, Etude et Gestion des sols, 19(3), 179-192 (2012) @No $ @ @ François V., Feuillade G., Skhiri N., Lagier T. and Matejka, G., Indicating the parameters of the state of degradation of municipal solid waste, J. Hazard. Mater., 137, 1008-1015 (2006) @No $ @ @ Loué, A., Oligo-éléments en agriculture, Ed. Nathan, Paris (1993) @No $ @ @ Vilain, M., La production végétale, volume 2 – La maîtrise technique de la production. Agriculture d’Aujourd’hui, Sciences, Techniques, Applications. Agence francophone pour l’enseignement supérieur et la recherche AUPELF. UREF, Technique et Documentation. Lavoisier (1989) @No $ @ @ Hnatyszyn M., and Guais A., Les fourrages et l'éleveur collection Agriculture d'Aujourd'hui, éd. Lavoisier, Editions La France Agricole, 472 (1988) @No $ @ @ Ademe, Approche de la qualité des composts de déchets en France. résultat d’une enquête en 1998, 135 (2001)@No $ @ @ Johnes, P. J., and Hodgkinson, R. A., Phosphorus loss from agricultural catchments: pathways and implications for management. Soil Use and Man, (14), 175-185 (1998) @No
<#LINE#>Evaluation of the Effect of Total Solids Concentration on Biogas Yields of Agricultural Wastes<#LINE#>D. Yavini@Tsunatu,I. Chia@Azuaga,@,John@Agabison<#LINE#>70-75<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-010.pdf<#LINE#> Chemistry Department, Taraba State University, P.M.B 1167, Jalingo – Taraba State  <#LINE#>15/1/2014<#LINE#>4/2/2014<#LINE#>Agricultural wastes (groundnut shell, maize cobs and rice straw) which are relatively found in abundance due to increase agricultural activities contain mainly of organic content, which decomposes under anaerobic conditions. Various total solids (TS) concentrations of these wastes influence on the amount of biogas generated was studied in order to determine the conditions for optimum gas generation. Five (5) sets of bio-digesters were utilized, each contains varying amount of the total solids, and biogas production was measured indirectly by the saline water displacement method. It was observed that, the amount of gas generated from these substrates decreases with decreasing and increasing the percentage total solid concentration below and above the optimum value of 9% Total Solids which gave the maximum volume of biogas generated for the three substrates to be 325ml, 468ml and 680ml respectively. The result shows that bio-digester C (Rice Straw) at PTS concentration 9% had the highest yield of biogas with cumulative volume of 680ml. Therefore, the efficiency of gas production could be seen decreased with increasing total solid concentration yielding approximately 43.2% more gas/gTS at 9%  TS than 12% TS. <#LINE#> @ @ Eltawil M.A and Belal E.B.A., Evaluation and Scrubbing of Biogas Generation from Agricultural Wastes and Water Hyacinth Biological Engineering, Misr Journal Ag. Eng.,26(1), 534 –560 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ezeonu S.O., Dioha I.J. and Eboatu A.N., Daily Biogas Production from different Wastes and Identification of Methanogenic Bacteria Involved, Nigerian Journal of Solar Energy, (15),  80–85 (2005) @No $ @ @ Gamma’a, A.O., El-Tinay A.H. and El-Yamen F.M., Biogas Production from Agricultural Wastes, Journal of Food Technology,  4(1), 37–39 (2006) @No $ @ @ Hills D.J., Biogas from a High Solid Combination of Dairy Manure and Barely Straw, Transaction – ASAE, 23, 1500–1504, (1980) @No $ @ @ Igoni A.H., Abowei M.F.N., Ayotamuno M.J. and Eze C.L., Effects of Total Solids Concentration of Municipal Solid Waste on the Biogas Produced in an Anaerobic Continuous Digester, Agricultural Engineering International: the CIGR E, Journal, Manuscript 07 010 Vol.X: 1 – 11 (2008) @No $ @ @ Itodo I.N., Lucas E.B. and Kucha E.L., The Effect of Media Material and its Quality on Biogas Yield, Nigeria Journal of Renewable Energy, 3. 45–49 (1992) @No $ @ @ Ituen E.E., John M.M. and Bassey B.E., Biogas Production from Organic Waste in Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria, Appropriate Technologies for Environmental Protection in the Developing World, Selected Papers from ERTEP 2007, July 17 -19, Ghana, (2007) @No $ @ @ Nuhu M., Mujahid M.M., Aminu A.H., Abbas A.J., Babangida D., Tsunatu D.Y., Aminu Y.Z., Mustapha Y., Ahmed I. and Onukak I.E., Optimum Design Parameter Determination of Biogas Digester using Human Faeces Feedstock, Journal of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science (JCEMS); Academic Journals,4(4), 46-49 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sajeena Beevi B., Jose P.P. and Madhu G., Effect of Total Solid Concentration on Anaerobic Digestion of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(8), 1–5 (2013) @No $ @ @ Savickas J. and Vrubliauskas S.,  Feasibility of Biogas production and Use in Lithuanian (Bioduju gamybosir panaudojimo galimybes Lietuvoje), Technologija, 38, 11–13 (1997) @No $ @ @ Stewart D.J., Bogue M.J. and Badger D.M., Biogas Production from Crops and Organic Wastes, New Zealand, J. Sci., 27,  285–294 (1984) @No $ @ @ Talwage W., Keagstra K., Baver W.D. and Albersheim, The Structure of Plant Cell Wall, Plant Physiology, 51, 158–173 (1973) @No $ @ @ Wilkie A.C., Anaerobic Digestion of Diary Manure, Design and Process Consideration, National Resource, Agricultural and Engineering Services, 176, 301–312 (2005) @No $ @ @ Yusuf M.O.L., Debora A. and Ogheneruona D.E., Ambient Temperature Kinetic Assessment of Biogas Production from Co-digestion of Horse and Cow Dung, Res. Agr. Eng.,57(3), 97–104 (2011) @No
<#LINE#>Aboveground Biomass Partitioning and Invasibility of Sida acuta Burm. f. in Indian dry Tropics<#LINE#>Shilpy@Singhal,Rup@Narayan<#LINE#>76-82<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-013.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Botany, I. P. (Post-Graduate) College, Bulandshahr-203001, INDIA <#LINE#>18/1/2014<#LINE#>23/1/2014<#LINE#>The pantropical malvaceous invasive weed Sida acuta Burm. f. was investigated for its varying morphological traits including its biomass allocation strategy to different above-ground organs at two contrasting sites: bank of polluted Kali river (KRB) and city-vegetation neighbouring the Ganga canal around Yamunapuram (YPM) in a peri-urban region in Indian dry tropics. Sixty plant individuals from each site at differing stage of their growth were clipped off from the base for the biomass measurements of their stem (stem-axis + branch), leaves and reproductive parts (flowers + capsules). The morphological traits studied were: shoot length, basal diameter and number of branches, leaves and flowers/capsules. Surface soil samples of both the study sites were analyzed for soil moisture, pH, organic C, available P and exchangeable K. S. acuta population at YPM site had significantly higher shoot length and stem-axis mass fraction. Biomass partitioning to different components was variable: stem (41-45%), leaf (47-52%) and reproductive parts (14-16%). Mean plasticity indices for plant-level traits were relatively higher at KRB site. Biomass of leaf, stem and reproductive parts was strongly correlated with total aboveground biomass. While leaf allocation declined significantly with plant size, stem allocation increased. Biomass allocation pattern of S. acuta populations did not show significant change with change of study sites in the present study, possibly due to comparable disturbance, soil and site conditions. In conclusion, invasiveness of this alien weed in peri-urban anthropo-ecosystems could be attributed mainly to its superior competitive ability manifested through higher allocation to photosynthetic and support organs. <#LINE#> @ @ Pauchard  A. and Shea K., Integrating the study of non-native plant invasions across spatial scales, Bio. Invas.,, 399- 413 (2006) @No $ @ @ Hong Ji., Kim J., Choi O., Cho K-Suk. and Ryu H., World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 21, 381–384 (2005) @No $ @ @ Pimentel D., McNair S., Janecka J., Wightman J., Simmonds C., O ’ Connell C., Wong E., Russel L., Zern J., Aquino T. and Tsomondo T.,  Economic and environmental threats of alien plant, animal, and microbe invasions, Agr.Ecosyst. and Environ., 84, 1–20 (2001) @No $ @ @ Drake J. A., di Castri F., Grooves R. H., Kruger F. J., Mooney H. A., Rejmanek M. and Williamson M., Biological Invasion: A global perspective, JohnWiley, Chichester, UK (1989) @No $ @ @ Raizada  P., Ingress of Lantana in dry tropical forest fragments: Edge and shade effects, Curr. Sci., 94(2), 180-182 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sharma G. P., Plant invasions: Emerging trends and future implications, Curr. Sci., 88(5), 726-734 (2005) @No $ @ @ Simberloff, D., How much information on population biology is needed to manage introduced species?, Conserv. Biol., 17(1), 83-92 (2003) @No $ @ @ Gupta S., An ecological investigation on biomass production and allocation pattern of some weed flora at Bulandshahr, Ph.D. Thesis, CCS University, Meerut, India (2008) @No $ @ @ Gupta S. and Narayan R., Phenotypic plasticity of Chenopodium murale across contrasting habitat conditions in peri-urban areas in Indian dry tropics: Is it indicative of its invasiveness? Plant Ecol., 213(3)493-503 (2012) @No $ @ @ Chaudhary N. and Narayan R., Exotic invasive Ageratum conyzoides L. in Indian dry tropics: A preliminary investigation of its biomass allocation pattern and plant traits,  J. Plant Dev. Sci., 5(3), 249-254 (2013) @No $ @ @ Chaudhary N. and Narayan R., The Advancing Dominance of Ageratum conyzoides L. and Lantana camara L. in a dry Tropical Peri-urban Vegetation in India, Int. Res. J. Environ. Sci., 2(11), 88-95 (2013) @No $ @ @ Gupta S. and Narayan R., Brick kiln industry in long-term impacts biomass and diversity structure of plant communities, Curr. Sci.,99(1)72–79 (2010) @No $ @ @ Gupta S. and Narayan R., Plant diversity and dry-matter dynamics of peri-urban plant communities in an Indian dry tropical region, Ecol. Res.,26(1)67–78 (2011) @No $ @ @ Mann  A., Gbate M. And Umar A. N., Sida acuta subspecie acuta: Medicinal and economic palnt of Nupeland, Jube Evans Books and Publication, 241 (2003) @No $ @ @ Flanagan G. J., Hills L. A. and Wilson C. G., The successful biological control of spinyhead Sida, Sida acuta(Malvaceae), by Calligrapha pantherina (Col: Chrysomelidae) in Australia's Northern Territory. In: Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, Bozeman, Montana, USA, 4-14 July, 1999 [ed. by Spencer, N. R.]. Bozeman, USA: Montana State University, 35-41(2000) @No $ @ @ Khuroo A. A., Alien flora of India: taxonomic composition, invasion status and biogeographic affiliations, Bio. Invas., 1499–113 (2012) @No $ @ @ Singh K. P., State-level inventory of invasive alien plants, their source regions and use patential, Curr. Sci., 99(1), 107-114 (2010) @No $ @ @ Reddy C. S., Catalogue of invasive alien flora of India, Life Sci. J., 5(2), 84-89 ( 2008) @No $ @ @ van Kleunen M. and Richardson D. M., Invasion biology and conservation biology- time to join forces to explore the links between species traits and extinction risk and invasiveness, Prog. Phys. Geog., 31, 447-450 (2007) @No $ @ @ Albert P., Bone E. and Holzapfel C., Invasiveness, invasibility and the role of environmental stress in the spread of non-native plants, Perspect. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst., , 52–66 (2000) @No $ @ @ Davis M. A., Grime J. P. and Thompson K., Fluctuating resources in plant communities, a general theory of invasibility, J. Ecol., 88, 528–534 (2000) @No $ @ @ Dukes J. R., Tomorrow’s plant communities: different, but how? New Phytol., 176, 235-237 (2007) @No $ @ @ Durand L. A. and Goldstein G., Photosynthesis, photoinhibition, and nitrogen use efficiency in native and invasive tree ferns in Hawaii, Oecol., 126, 345–354 (2001) @No $ @ @ Yamashita N., Ishida A., Kushima H. and Tanaka N., Acclimation to sudden increase in light favoring an invasive over native trees in subtropical islands, Japan, Oecologia, 125, 412–419 (2000) @No $ @ @ Piper C. 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L., Can gas-exchange characteristics help explain the invasive success of Lythrumsalicaria? Bio. Invas., 101-111 (2004) @No $ @ @ McDowell S. C. L., Photosynthetic characteristics of invasive and noninvasive species of Rubus (Rosaceae), Am. J. Bot., 89, 1431-1438, (2002) @No $ @ @ Baruch Z. and Goldstein G., Leaf construction cost, nutrient concentration, and net CO assimilation of native and invasive species in Hawaii, Oecol., 121, 183-192 (1999) @No $ @ @ Lonsdale W. M., Farrell G. and Wilson C. G., Biological control of a tropical weed: a population model and experiment for Sida acuta, J. Appl. Ecol., 32(2), 391-399 (1995) @No $ @ @ Standish R. J., Robertson A.W. and Williams P. A., The impact of an invasive weed Tradescantia fluminensis on native forest regeneration, J. Appl. Ecol., 38, 1253-1263 (2001) @No $ @ @ D’Antonio C. M., Hughes R. F. and Vitousek P. M., Factors influencing dynamics of invasive C4 grasses in Hawaiian woodland, role of resource competition and priority effects, Ecology, 82, 89-104 (2001) @No $ @ @ Davidson A. M., Jennions M. and Nicotra A. B., Do invasive species show higher phenotypic plasticity than native species and, if so, is it adaptive? A meta-analysis, Ecol. Lett., 14, 419-431 (2011) @No $ @ @ Feng Y., Wangc J. and Sangc W., Biomass allocation, morphology and photosynthesis of invasive and noninvasive exotic species grown at four irradiance levels, Acta Oecol., 31, 40-47 (2007) @No $ @ @ Bloom A. J., Chapin F. S. and Mooney H. A., Resource limitation in plants- an economic analogy, Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 16(1)363-392, (1985) @No $ @ @ Gupta S. and Narayan R., Species diversity in four contrasting sites in a peri-urban area in Indian dry tropics, Trop. Ecol. 47(2), 229-241 (2006) @No $ @ @ Chaudhary R. 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<#LINE#>Kinetic, Thermodynamic and Equilibrium Study on Removal of Lead(II) from Aqueous  Solution Using Fly Ash<#LINE#>Saroj@Kumar,A.K.@Mishra,M.@Upadhyay,D.@Singh,M.@Mishra,Sujata@Kumar<#LINE#>83-92<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-015.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, K.Govt. Arts and Sc. College Raigarh, CG, INDIA @ Department of Chemistry, Dr. C.V.Raman University Bilaspur, CG, INDIA @ Department of Chemistry, Kirodimal Institute of Technology Raigarh, CG, INDIA <#LINE#>20/1/2014<#LINE#>3/2/2014<#LINE#>Batch experiments have been carried out to evaluate the removal of lead(II) ion from aqueous solutions by using fly ash under various conditions of metal ion concentration, contact time, pH, temperature and particle size.  The adsorption data have been discussed using Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models. The kinetics of adsorption have been discussed using Lagergren equation, pseudo second-order rate equation and intra-particle diffusion models. Thermodynamic parameters such as change in Gibbs free energy  G, change in enthalpy H, and change in entropy S have  been evaluated. The adsorption process has been found to be spontaneous, feasible and endothermic in nature. <#LINE#> @ @ Bhatnagar A. and Minocha A.K., Conventional and nonconventional adsorbents for removal of pollutants from water – A review, Indian J.Chem.Tech., 13, 203-217 (2006) @No $ @ @ Karthika C. and Sekar M., Removal of Hg(II) ions from aqueous solution by acid acrylic resins : A study through adsorption isotherms analysis, I.Res.J.Environment.Sci., 1(1), 34-41(2012) @No $ @ @ Singh Dhanesh and Singh A., Chitosan for the removal of chromium from waste water, I. Res. J. 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<#LINE#>Carbon Payback Period and Energy Payback Period for Solar Water Heater<#LINE#>C.@Marimuthu,V.@Kirubakaran<#LINE#>93-98<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-025.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemical Engineering, Adhiparasakthi Engineering College, Melmaruvathur – 603 319, Tamilnadu, INDIA @ Rural Energy Center, The Gandhigram Rural Institute – Deemed University, Gandhigram – 624 302, Tamilnadu, INDIA<#LINE#>2/2/2013<#LINE#>7/2/2014<#LINE#>The solar water heater system is compared with electric water to quantify the environmental and energy benefit of the system using life cycle assessment. In this paper consider the 100 lpd solar water heater available at Chennai, Tamilnadu.  LCA has done as a three life cycle stages like manufacturing stage, operation and maintenance stages and product disposal stage. Based on the available data and calculated data life cycle inventory has been made for the solar water heater system. Material inventory, energy inventory and carbon inventory has done for the system to predict the environmental impact. Based on the life cycle inventory data Energy and Carbon intensity has been estimated for the solar flat plate collector. Then compared with electric water heater Energy and Carbon Payback Period has been estimated. <#LINE#> @ @ Natural Resource Accounts, Energy accounts for South Africa, 1995e2001, Statistics South Africa, Discussion document, Natural Resource Accounts; April (2005) @No $ @ @ Rosas-Floresa J.A., Rosas-Floresa D. and Gálvez D.M., Saturation, energy consumption, COemission and energy efficiency from urban and rural households appliances in Mexico, Energy Build., 43, 10-18 (2011) @No $ @ @ Zhou N., McNeil M.A., Fridley D., Lin J., Price L., de la Rue du Can S, et al., Energy use in China: sectoral trends and future outlook. 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Contribution of Working Group III to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press; (2007) @No $ @ @ Hepbasli A. and Kalinci Y., A review of heat pump water heating systems, RenewSustainEnergyRev.,13, 1211 - 1229 (2009) @No $ @ @ Jaisankar S., Ananth J., Thulasi S., Jayasuthakar S.T. and Sheeba K.N., A comprehensive review on solar water heaters, Renew Sustain Energy Rev.,15, 3045 -3050 (2011) @No $ @ @ Shukla A., Buddhi D. and Sawhney R.L., Solar water heaters with phase change material thermal energy storage medium: a review, RenewSustainEnergyRev., 13, 2119 - 2125 (2009) @No $ @ @ Chow T.T., A review on photovoltaic/thermal hybrid solar technology, Appl. Energy, 87, 365 - 379  (2010) @No $ @ @ Udo de Haes HA, Heijungs R. Life-cycle assessment for energy analysis and management, Appl Energy, 84(7–8), 817–827 (2007) @No $ @ @ Tsilingiridis G., Martinopoulos G. and Kyriakis N., Life cycle environmental impact of a thermosyphonic domestic solar hot water system in comparison with electrical and gas water heating, Renew Energy, 29(8), 1277–1288 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ardente F., Beccali G., Cellura M., Lo Brano V., Life cycle assessment of a solar thermal collector, Renew Energy, 30(7), 1031–1054 (2005) @No $ @ @ Lecknera M. and Zmeureanu R., Life cycle cost and energy of a net zero energy house with solar combisystem, Appl Energy, 88(1), 232–241 (2011) @No $ @ @ Arasu V. and Sornakumar T., Life cycle cost analysis of new FRP based solar parabolic trough collector hot water generation system, J Zhejiang Univ. 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@Case Study
<#LINE#>A Sustainable Diet for a Sustainable Life: An Indian city, Ajmer as a Case Study<#LINE#>Kriti@Sharma,P.@Mathur<#LINE#>99-102<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-268.pdf<#LINE#>Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, INDIA @ Department of Environmental Science, M.D.S. University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, INDIA <#LINE#>29/12/2013<#LINE#>18/1/2014<#LINE#>An integral part of sustainable development is to reduce the throughput of natural resources in relation to human demands and services. Ecological footprint relates various throughputs of resources to the respective fertile areas required which offer a chance of auditing sustainable development. Ecological footprint is a measure of the mark that is left behind upon the natural environment.  The footprint is expressed in terms of the land area that is required to feed, provide resources, produce energy, assimilate waste, and to re-absorb its CO2 generated from combustion of fossil fuels. Food which we eat and how it is produced and manufactured has a significant impact on the environment and ecological footprint. This study employed the compound methodology to estimate the food carbon footprint of Ajmer city. The results have been calculated for different food and land categories, which are summed up to a total food footprint of Ajmer city which equals to 0.05729785ha/capita. The conclusion drawn from the study reveals thatby making simple choices about the foods we eat, we can contribute to reducing our Ecological Footprint. <#LINE#> @ @ Frey S. and Barrett J., The Footprint of Scotland’s Diet. The environmental burden of what we eat, A report for Scotland’s Global Footprint Project (2006) @No $ @ @ Athira R. and Subha V., Ecological Footprint Analysis- An overview AJER 12-19 (2013) @No $ @ @ Bond S., Ecological footprints- A guide for local authorities published by WWF- UK, Panda House, Wayside park, Godalming (2002) @No $ @ @ European Commission Food consumer science. Lessons learnt from FP projects in the field of food and consumer science, Brussels, (2007b) @No $ @ @ Tunza Developing sustainability.together 3(2) 12 (2005) @No $ @ @ FAQ- Ecological footprint quiz by Center for sustainable economy (2002) @No $ @ @ Wackernagel, M. The Ecological Footprint of Santiago de Chile. Local Environment (1) 7-25 (1998) @No $ @ @ City limits A resource flow and ecological footprint analysis of Greater London. Commissioned by IWM (EB) Chartered Institution of Waste Management Environmental Body, Prepared by Best Foot Forward (2002) @No
<#LINE#>An Evaluation of Environmental and Social Impact due to Industrial Activities -A Case Study of Bangshi River around Dhaka Export Processing Zone (DEPZ), Bangladesh<#LINE#>Mahbub@Alam,MD Tanvir@Hasnine,Tahara Afrin@Liza<#LINE#>103-111<#LINE#>15.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-004.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, BANGLADESH <#LINE#>8/1/2014<#LINE#>17/1/2014<#LINE#>This paper reports the environmental and social impacts of industrial activities with special focus on Bangshi River and its surrounded areas. Bangshi River and adjacent areas in the vicinity of Dhaka export processing zone (DEPZ) were selected for the study. Various parameters like pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolve solid (TDS) was determined to see the quality and suitability for domestic and irrigation purposes of water samples. Flow rate of polluted Nolam Konda canal which is connected from the discharge point of different industries in DEPZ to Bangshi River was estimated. The study reveals the most industries in this area use large volume of water but without efficient wastewater treatment plants and so routinely discharge their wastes directly into the river. It also reveals the unfavorable influence of industrial activities which are responsible for the impacts on study areas. The investigation indicates that the water samples are found unsuitable for aquatic life, human consumption and also not safe for irrigation and domestic purposes. Periodic monitoring of water quality indicators is therefore essential for assessing and protecting the integrity of the ecosystem. It has the advantages of identifying changes in water quality, discovery of rising water quality problems, the evaluation of pollution control measures, the effectiveness of observance and how to respond in an emergency response. <#LINE#> @ @ Raymond F., Le, Problame dis ean dans le monde (problems of water), EB and Sons Ltd., UK, 5-10, (1992) @No $ @ @ Ahmed, A. U., River Pollution: Concepts and Expectations. ISBN-978-984-8173-22-0 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ali M. L. and Thomson P, Wetland protection and enhancement through sanctuaries Winrock International Bangladesh. Center for Advanced Studies, (2007) @No $ @ @ BBS, Statistical Yearbook of Bangladesh by Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, available at www.bbs.gov.bd, (2009) @No $ @ @ Mallick, S. River, Culture and Livelihoods: Water Pollution and Social Change around the River Bangshi, Bangladesh. Master’s Thesis. ISBN 978-3-656-36586-0 contributions by D.J. Hand), Advising on Research Methods: A consultant's companion, 211--236, (2012) @No $ @ @ Khan et al, Environmental Pollution around Dhaka EPZ and its Impact on Surface and Groundwater, Bangladesh, Res. J. Sci. Ind.46(2), 153-162, (2011) @No $ @ @ DOE and Local Govt. Engineering Dept., Limited Environmental & Social Impact Assessment And Environmental & Social Management Framework, , (2010) @No $ @ @ Alam et al, ‘Water quality parameters along rivers’, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 4(1), 159-167. (2007) @No $ @ @ Baird, C. Environmental Chemistry. W.H. F3153-3, (1999) @No $ @ @ Mellenbergh, G.J. Chapter 10: Tests and Questionnaires: Construction and administration. In H.J. Adèr & G.J. Mellenbergh(Eds.) (with contributions by D.J. Hand), Advising on Research Methods: A consultant's companion, 211--236, (2008) @No