International Research Journal of Environment Sciences________________________________ ISSN 2319–1414Vol. 2(5), 37-45, May (2013) Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association 37 Determination of Water Quality Index in Industrial areas of Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA Srinivas J., Purushotham A.V. and Murali Krishna K.V.S.G.Department of Civil Engineering, JNTU Kakinada, -533 003, AP, INDIA MSN Degree College, Kakinada-533016, AP, INDIA Available online at: www.isca.in Received 31st March 2013, revised 7th April 2013, accepted 10th May 2013 AbstractThe present study intended to calculate Water Quality Index (WQI) of industrial areas of well water samples in Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India were monitored. The quality of bore waters was assessed by comparing with existing standards for important parameters. Water Quality Index calculated from thirteen parameters of physico-chemical parameters taken together varied from 49.52 - 123.54 ppm indicating level of nutrient load and pollution in the bore waters. Results of this study indicate that all the bore well waters of the study area are Permissible limit except S3, S4 and S6 (Valasapakala, Vakalapudi, and Nagarjuna nagar). The water was not conforming to drinking standards, and hence it is suggested to take all the necessary precautions before the waters are sent into public distribution system. It is concluded that WQI can be used as a tool in comparing the water quality of different source. Keywords: Andhra Pradesh, chemical properties, industrial areas, India, Kakinada, WQI. Introduction Water is one of the most important factor for every living organism on this planet. The three percent of global fresh water is large enough to meet the requirements of man for million of years etc., Water pollution ia a phenomenon that is characterized by the deterioration of its quality as a result of various human activities. Water is generally used for drinking, fisheries and other domestic purposes in this area. The available fresh water to man is hardly 0.3 to 0.5% of the total water available on the earth and therefore its judicious use in imperative. Kakinada is a city and a municipal corporation in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Kakinada is a special economic zone. The problem of industrial wastes has been considerably serious in India. Due to the extremely rapid rate of industrial development which is providing one of the major sources of employment for the growing population of the country. This promotes the leaching of chemicals and contaminates the ground water. As of 2011 census, Kakinada Municipal Corporation had a population of 4,42,936. The 1/3rd of the inhabitant people depends on mainly ground water in residential and industrial areas. In industrial belt having several major industries such as fertilizers, power, oil and gas etc., the industries discharge their treated effluents into unlined canals through drains and some store in ash ponds or slurry ponds. Water quality index (W.Q.I.) provides a single number that expresses overall water quality at a certain location and time, based on several water quality parameters1-11. The WQI was first developed by Horton in the early 1970s, is basically a mathematical means of calculating a single value from multiple test results. The index results represents the level of water quality in a given water basin, such as ponds, lake, river or stream12,13,14,15. Chaterjee et al. (2002) carried out the Determination of water quality index (WQI) of a degraded river in asanol Industrial area, Raniganj, Burdwan, West Bengal and also determined the Water quality of Nandakanan lake, India16. This promotes the leaching of chemicals and contaminates the ground water. Water Quality Monitoring of Groundwater Resources Studied17-20. The objective of water quality index is to turn complex water quality data into information that is understandable and used by the public. A single number cannot tell the whole story of water quality parameters that are not included in the index. However, a water quality index based on some very important parameters can provide a single indicator of water quality12,13. In general, water quality indices incorporate data from multiple water quality parameters into a mathematical equation that rates the health of a lake and river with number21. Study area: The Kakinada city is the capital of East Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh on the central east coast of India. The present study deals with the assessment of the quality of ground water in industrial areas of Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India. Kakinada is situated between the latitude 16\r57’ North and longitude 82\r15’ East. The study was carried out at the 10 sampling locations of industrial areas of Kakinada. It is rich in small water bodies and most of all agricultural lands are dependent on these water source. International Research Journal of Environment Sciences______________________________________________ ISSN 2319–1414 Vol. 2(5), 37-45, May (2013) Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association 38 Location Map of the Study area Material and MethodsThe water sample were collected in satirized polythene air tight containers and were analysed for water quality parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total solids, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, total alkalinity, total hardness, sulphates, phosphates, nitrates and chlorides as per standard method (1 - American Public Health Association – 1995)22,23. All the chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade. D.D. water was used for the preparation of solutions. The study was carried out at the 10 locations of industrial areas of Kakinada. The sampling stations selected for the analysis of ground waters are - S1 – Atcham Peta, S2 – Ramanayya Peta, S3 – Valasapakala, S4 – Vakalapudi, S5 – Gudarigunta, S6 – Nagarjuna Nagar, S7 – Sarpavaram, S8 – Rangarao Nagar, S9 – Muralidhar Nagar, S10 – Burma colony. Bore water samples were collected in the all sampling stations. In this study, for the calculation of water quality index, thirteen important parameters were chosen. The WQI has been calculated by using the standards of drinking water quality recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO), Indian council of Medical Research (ICMR)24 and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)10 has been used for the calculation of WQI of the water body25,26. Further, quality rating or sub index (qn) was calculated using the following expression. qn = 100 (V – Vio) / (S – Vio) (Let there be n water quality parameters and quality rating or sub index (qn) corresponding to th parameter is a number reflecting the relative value of this parameter in the polluted water with respect to its standard permissible value). qn=Quality rating for the th Water quality parameter. =Estimated value of the th parameter at a given sampling station. =Standard permissible value of the th parameter. io= Ideal value of nth parameter in pure water, (i.e.,0 for all other parameters except the parameter pH and Dissolved oxygen (7.0 and 14.6 mg/L respectively). Unit weight was calculated by a value inversely proportional to the recommended standard value Snof the corresponding parameter. =K / S= Unit weight for the th parameters. = Standard value forth parameters. K= Constant for proportionality. The overall Water Quality Index calculated by aggregating the quality rating with the unit weight linearly.  \n Table 1 Status and Index level (WQI) of water quality3,7Water quality status Water Quality Index Level Excellent water quality 0 – 25 Good water quality 26 – 50 Poor water quality 51 – 75 Very Poor water quality 76 – 100 Unsuitable for drinking �100 Results and DiscussionsThe results of physico-chemical parameters of bore water at various points are given in table 3. International Research Journal of Environment Sciences______________________________________________ ISSN 2319–1414 Vol. 2(5), 37-45, May (2013) Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association 39 The pH of the bore well waters in all the stations are acceptable and varies from 6.71-7.99. Though, pH has no direct effect on human health, all biochemical reactions are sensitive to the variation of pH. The permissible limits of pH value for drinking water ICMR (1975) is specified as 6.5-8.5. If pH is less, algae die, fish cannot reproduce and it cause acidity, corrosion, irritation of mucous membranes, tuberculosis and other health problems in humans. Electrical conductivity is very important parameter for determining the water quality for drinking arid agricultural purpose. The value in the study area is from 177-400 millimhos. The ideal value of electrical conductivity is 2.4 millimhos. The total dissolved solids (TDS) in the study area varied from 222-511 mg/L. The high value of TDS (above 500mg/L) recorded at S2, S6, and S8, may be due to their proximity to the industrial area and seacoast. If TDS is more, water cannot be used for drinking as well as construction purposes. TDS affects palatability of food cooked and also causes gastro intestinal irritation. Total alkalinity of all the sampling stations is high and varied from 63-88 mg/L. The large amount of alkalinity imparts a bitter taste to water. Total hardness of water is characterized by contents of calcium and magnesium salts. The total hardness in the study area varied from 160-288 mg/L. The within standard values were observed in all the sampling points. The total magnesium in the study area varied from 47-108 mg/L. The magnesium content is higher than the calcium in the samples indicates the occurrence of magnesium salts is all samples. Table 2 Drinking Water standards recommending Agencies and unit weights (All values except pH and Electrical Conductivity are in mg/L) S. No. Parameters Standards Units Recommended Unit Weight 1 pH 6.5 – 8.5 - ICMR / BIS 0.2190 2 Dissolved oxygen 300 mg/lit ICMR 0.0037 3 Electrical Conductivity 500 millimols ICMR BIS 0.0037 4 Total Dissolved Solids 120 mg/lit ICMR BIS 0.0155 5 Total Alkalinity 300 mg/lit ICMR/ BIS 0.0062 6 Total hardness 500 mg/lit WHO 0.0037 7 Total suspended solids 75 mg/lit ICMR / BIS 0.025 8 Calcium 30 mg/lit ICMR / BIS 0.061 9 Magnesium 250 mg/lit ICMR 0.0074 10 Chlorides 45 mg/lit ICMR / BIS 0.0412 11 Nitrates 150 mg/lit ICMR / BIS 0.01236 12 Sulphates 5.99 mg/lit ICMR 0.3723 13 Biological oxygen demand 5.00 mg/lit ICMR 0.3723 Table – 3 Physico - chemical parameters of water bodies in Kakinada S. No Parameter S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 1 pH 7.3 7.61 7.92 6.71 7.36 7.99 6.98 6.82 7.2 7.67 2 Dissolved oxygen (mg/lit) 3.9 4 3 3 4 3.5 3.6 3 3.1 2.9 3 Electrical Conductivity (millimols) 177 400 388 302 266 376 332 200 287 222 4 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/lit) 222 505 498 449 355 511 440 502 456 412 5 Total Alkalinity (mg/lit) 66 88 87 70 87 77 69 63 86 75 6 Total hardness (mg/lit) 288 200 178 168 160 167 276 182 188 186 7 Total suspended Solids 333 234 335 409 387 377 310 310 411 345 8 Calcium (mg/lit) 180 130 133 112 110 120 189 95 100 111 9 Magnesium (mg/lit) 108 70 45 56 50 47 87 87 88 75 10 Chlorides (mg/lit) 22 121 133 200 122 186 88 132 174 98 11 Nitrates (mg/lit) 30 35 44 49 40 40 28 31 38 33 12 Sulphates (mg/lit) 133 130 120 143 122 141 94.6 132 132 100.1 13 Biological oxygen demand (mg/lit) 6 5 12 14 3 16 2.5 4.1 3.5 3 International Research Journal of Environment Sciences______________________________________________ ISSN 2319–1414 Vol. 2(5), 37-45, May (2013) Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association 40 Table – 4 Water Quality Index Calculation of S1 – Atcham petaS. No Parameter Observed Value Standard values (S n ) Unit Weight (W n ) Quality rating (q n ) n 1 pH 7.3 6.5 - 8.5 0.2190 21 4.59 2 Dissolved oxygen (mg/lit) 3.9 300 0.0037 111.45 41.49 3 Electrical Conductivity (millimols) 177 500 0.0037 59 21.88 4 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/lit) 222 120 0.0155 44.4 0.16 5 Total Alkalinity (mg/lit) 66 300 0.0062 55 0.85 6 Total hardness (mg/lit) 288 500 0.0037 96 0.59 7 Total suspended Solids 333 75 0.025 66.6 0.24 8 Calcium (mg/lit) 180 30 0.061 240 6 9 Magnesium (mg/lit) 108 250 0.0074 360 21.96 10 Chlorides (mg/lit) 22 45 0.0412 8.8 0.06 11 Nitrates (mg/lit) 30 150 0.01236 66.66 2.74 12 Sulphates (mg/lit) 133 5.99 0.3723 88.66 1.09 13 Biological oxygen demand (mg/lit) 6 5.00 0.3723 120 44.67 \r  = 1.51 \r  =1337.58 \r  = 100.29 Water Quality Index = \r       \r  = 66.45 Table – 5 Water Quality Index Calculation of S2 – Ramanayya peta S. No Parameter Observed Value Standard values (S n ) Unit Weight (W n ) Quality rating (q) Wn 1 pH 7.61 6.5 – 8.5 0.2190 52 11.38 2 Dissolved oxygen (mg/lit) 4 300 0.0037 110.4 41.1 3 Electrical Conductivity (millimols) 400 500 0.0037 133.33 49.46 4 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/lit) 505 120 0.0155 101 0.37 5 Total Alkalinity (mg/lit) 88 300 0.0062 73.33 1.13 6 Total hardness (mg/lit) 200 500 0.0037 66.66 0.41 7 Total suspended Solids 234 75 0.025 46.8 0.17 8 Calcium (mg/lit) 130 30 0.061 173.33 4.33 9 Magnesium (mg/lit) 70 250 0.0074 233.33 14.23 10 Chlorides (mg/lit) 121 45 0.0412 48.4 0.35 11 Nitrates (mg/lit) 35 150 0.01236 77.77 3.2 12 Sulphates (mg/lit) 130 5.99 0.3723 86.66 1.07 13 Biological oxygen demand (mg/lit) 5 5.00 0.3723 100 37.23 \r  = 1.51 \r   = 1303.04 \r  = 111.99 Water Quality Index = \r       \r  = 74.16 Table – 6 Water Quality Index Calculation of S3 – Valasapakala S. No Parameter Observed Value Standard values (S n ) Unit Weight (W n ) Quality rating (q) Wn 1 pH 7.92 6.5 – 8.5 0.2190 83 18.17 2 Dissolved oxygen (mg/lit) 3 300 0.0037 120.83 44.98 3 Electrical Conductivity (millimols) 388 500 0.0037 129.33 47.98 4 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/lit) 498 120 0.0155 99.6 0.36 5 Total Alkalinity (mg/lit) 87 300 0.0062 72.5 1.12 6 Total hardness (mg/lit) 178 500 0.0037 59.33 0.36 7 Total suspended Solids 335 75 0.025 67 0.24 8 Calcium (mg/lit) 133 30 0.061 177.33 4.43 9 Magnesium (mg/lit) 45 250 0.0074 150 9.15 10 Chlorides (mg/lit) 133 45 0.0412 53.2 0.39 11 Nitrates (mg/lit) 44 150 0.01236 97.77 4.02 12 Sulphates (mg/lit) 120 5.99 0.3723 80 0.98 13 Biological oxygen demand (mg/lit) 12 5.00 0.3723 240 89.35 \r  = 1.51 \r   = 1337.58 \r  = 158.43 Water Quality Index = \r       \r  = 104.92 International Research Journal of Environment Sciences______________________________________________ ISSN 2319–1414 Vol. 2(5), 37-45, May (2013) Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association 41 Table – 7 Water Quality Index Calculation of S4 – Vakalapudi S. No Parameter Observed Value Standard values (S n ) Unit Weight (W n ) Quality rating (q n ) n 1 pH 6.71 6.5 – 8.5 0.2190 20 4.38 2 Dissolved oxygen (mg/lit) 3 300 0.0037 120.83 44.98 3 Electrical Conductivity (millimols) 302 500 0.0037 100.66 37.34 4 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/lit) 449 120 0.0155 89.8 0.33 5 Total Alkalinity (mg/lit) 70 300 0.0062 58.33 0.9 6 Total hardness (mg/lit) 168 500 0.0037 56 0.34 7 Total suspended Solids 409 75 0.025 81.8 0.3 8 Calcium (mg/lit) 112 30 0.061 149.33 3.73 9 Magnesium (mg/lit) 56 250 0.0074 186.66 11.38 10 Chlorides (mg/lit) 200 45 0.0412 80 0.59 11 Nitrates (mg/lit) 49 150 0.01236 108.88 4.48 12 Sulphates (mg/lit) 143 5.99 0.3723 95.33 1.17 13 Biological oxygen demand (mg/lit) 14 5.00 0.3723 280 104.24 \r  = 1.51 \r   = 1427.65 \r  = 164.85 Water Quality Index = \r       \r  = 109.17 Table – 8 Water Quality Index Calculation of S5 – GudariguntaS. No Parameter Observed Value Standard values (S n ) Unit Weight (W n ) Quality rating (q) Wn 1 pH 7.36 6.5 – 8.5 0.2190 27 5.91 2 Dissolved oxygen (mg/lit) 4 300 0.0037 110.4 41.1 3 Electrical Conductivity (millimols) 266 500 0.0037 88.66 32.89 4 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/lit) 355 120 0.0155 71 0.26 5 Total Alkalinity (mg/lit) 87 300 0.0062 72.5 1.12 6 Total hardness (mg/lit) 160 500 0.0037 53.33 0.33 7 Total suspended Solids 387 75 0.025 77.4 0.28 8 Calcium (mg/lit) 110 30 0.061 146.66 3.66 9 Magnesium (mg/lit) 50 250 0.0074 166.66 10.16 10 Chlorides (mg/lit) 122 45 0.0412 48.8 0.36 11 Nitrates (mg/lit) 40 150 0.01236 88.88 3.66 12 Sulphates (mg/lit) 122 5.99 0.3723 81.33 1 13 Biological oxygen demand (mg/lit) 3 5.00 0.3723 60 22.33 \r   = 1.51 \r   = 1092.65 \r  = 76.09 Water Quality Index = \r       \r  = 50.39 Table – 9 Water Quality Index Calculation of S6 – Nagarjuna Nagar S. No Parameter Observed Value Standard values (S n ) Unit Weight (W n ) Quality rating (q) Wn 1 pH 7.99 6.5 – 8.5 0.2190 90 19.71 2 Dissolved oxygen (mg/lit) 3.5 300 0.0037 115.62 43.04 3 Electrical Conductivity (millimols) 376 500 0.0037 125.33 46.49 4 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/lit) 511 120 0.0155 102.2 0.37 5 Total Alkalinity (mg/lit) 77 300 0.0062 64.16 0.99 6 Total hardness (mg/lit) 167 500 0.0037 55.66 0.34 7 Total suspended Solids 377 75 0.025 75.4 0.27 8 Calcium (mg/lit) 120 30 0.061 160 4 9 Magnesium (mg/lit) 47 250 0.0074 156.66 9.55 10 Chlorides (mg/lit) 186 45 0.0412 74.4 0.55 11 Nitrates (mg/lit) 40 150 0.01236 88.88 3.66 12 Sulphates (mg/lit) 141 5.99 0.3723 94 1.16 13 Biological oxygen demand (mg/lit) 16 5.00 0.3723 320 119.13 \r   = 1.51 \r   = 1522.34 \r  = 186.56 Water Quality Index = \r       \r  = 123.54 International Research Journal of Environment Sciences______________________________________________ ISSN 2319–1414 Vol. 2(5), 37-45, May (2013) Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association 42 Table – 10 Water Quality Index Calculation of S7 – Sarpavaram S. No Parameter Observed Value Standard values (S n ) Unit Weight (W n ) Quality rating (q n ) n 1 pH 6.98 6.5 – 8.5 0.2190 -7 -1.53 2 Dissolved oxygen (mg/lit) 3.6 300 0.0037 114.58 42.65 3 Electrical Conductivity (millimols) 332 500 0.0037 110.66 41.05 4 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/lit) 440 120 0.0155 88 0.32 5 Total Alkalinity (mg/lit) 69 300 0.0062 57.5 0.89 6 Total hardness (mg/lit) 276 500 0.0037 92 0.57 7 Total suspended Solids 310 75 0.025 62 0.22 8 Calcium (mg/lit) 189 30 0.061 252 6.3 9 Magnesium (mg/lit) 87 250 0.0074 290 17.69 10 Chlorides (mg/lit) 88 45 0.0412 35.2 0.26 11 Nitrates (mg/lit) 28 150 0.01236 62.22 2.56 12 Sulphates (mg/lit) 94.6 5.99 0.3723 63.06 0.77 13 Biological oxygen demand (mg/lit) 2.5 5.00 0.3723 50 18.61 \r  = 1.51 \r   = 1270.23 \r  = 89.28 Water Quality Index == \r       \r  = 59.12 Table – 11 Water Quality Index Calculation of S8 – Rangarao Nagar S. No Parameter Observed Value Standard values (S n ) Unit Weight (W n ) Quality rating (q) Wn 1 pH 6.82 6.5 – 8.5 0.2190 9 1.97 2 Dissolved oxygen (mg/lit) 3 300 0.0037 120.83 44.98 3 Electrical Conductivity (millimols) 200 500 0.0037 66.66 24.73 4 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/lit) 502 120 0.0155 100.4 0.37 5 Total Alkalinity (mg/lit) 63 300 0.0062 52.5 0.81 6 Total hardness (mg/lit) 182 500 0.0037 60.66 0.37 7 Total suspended Solids 310 75 0.025 62 0.22 8 Calcium (mg/lit) 95 30 0.061 126.66 3.16 9 Magnesium (mg/lit) 87 250 0.0074 290 17.69 10 Chlorides (mg/lit) 132 45 0.0412 52.8 0.39 11 Nitrates (mg/lit) 31 150 0.01236 68.88 2.83 12 Sulphates (mg/lit) 132 5.99 0.3723 88 1.08 13 Biological oxygen demand (mg/lit) 4.1 5.00 0.3723 82 30.52 \r   1.51 \r   = 1180.41 \r  = 82.22 Water Quality Index == \r       \r  = 54.45 Table – 12 Water Quality Index Calculation of S9 – Muralidhar Nagar S. No Parameter Observed Value Standard values (S n ) Unit Weight (W n ) Quality rating (q) Wn 1 pH 7.2 6.5 – 8.5 0.2190 11 2.4 2 Dissolved oxygen (mg/lit) 3.1 300 0.0037 119.79 44.59 3 Electrical Conductivity (millimols) 287 500 0.0037 95.66 35.49 4 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/lit) 456 120 0.0155 91.2 0.33 5 Total Alkalinity (mg/lit) 86 300 0.0062 71.66 1.11 6 Total hardness (mg/lit) 188 500 0.0037 62.66 0.38 7 Total suspended Solids 411 75 0.025 82.2 0.3 8 Calcium (mg/lit) 100 30 0.061 133.33 3.33 9 Magnesium (mg/lit) 88 250 0.0074 293.33 17.89 10 Chlorides (mg/lit) 174 45 0.0412 69.6 0.51 11 Nitrates (mg/lit) 38 150 0.01236 84.44 3.47 12 Sulphates (mg/lit) 132 5.99 0.3723 88 1.08 13 Biological oxygen demand (mg/lit) 3.5 5.00 0.3723 70 26.061 \r   = 1.51 \r   = 1272.90 \r  = 90.00 Water Quality Index == \r       \r  = 59.60 International Research Journal of Environment Vol. 2(5), 37-45, May (2013) International Science Congress Association Water Quality Index Calculation of S10 S. No Parameter Observed Value 1 pH 2 Dissolved oxygen (mg/lit) 3 Electrical Conductivity (millimols) 4 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/lit) 5 Total Alkalinity (mg/lit) 6 Total hardness (mg/lit) 7 Total suspended Solids 8 Calcium (mg/lit) 9 Magnesium (mg/lit) 10 Chlorides (mg/lit) 11 Nitrates (mg/lit) 12 Sulphates (mg/lit) 100.1 13 Biological oxygen demand (mg/lit) Dissolved oxygen (DO), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) are very important pollution parameters. The values of DO, and BOD in the study area are 3.0- 4.0, and 2.5 (S7- S6) respectively. Hence the water treatment is required before it is sent into the public distribution system. sulphate ion concentration in the entire study area varied from 94.6-143mg/L. High concentration of sulphates at S7, S6 and might be due to heavy industrial activity and seepage of sewage water. The chlorides are also corrosive and impart permanent hardness to water. The chlorides impart a salty taste and sometimes high concentration c auses laxative effect in human beings. The chloride content in the study area ranged from 22 S4) mg/L. Chloride content observed within the standard value in all samples. The nitrate is used to assess the self purification properties of water bodies and nutrient balance in surface waters and soil and the state of determination of organic matter present in waste waters. The nitrate ion concentration is very important in public water supplies, because it causes methemoglobinemia in children The nitrate concentration in the study area varied between 28 and 49 (S4 and S7) mg/L with all the values well below the permissible levels (ICMR, 1975) except S4. Conclusion The Water Quality Index (WQI) of waters in industrial areas of Kakinada is given in t able 4 to 13. The report prepared by the WHO the importance of safe water supply and sanitation in the control of waterborne diseases. The value of WQI in water sampling areas was reported to be less than 100, and greater than 100, indicating that the w suitable for human use except at S3, S4 and S6. The value of WQI at S6 site is 123.54 mg/L and the reason may be due to seepage of saline, sewage waters and heavy industrial activity. Environment Sciences_______________ _________________________ International Science Congress Association Table – 13 Water Quality Index Calculation of S10 – Burma Colony Observed Value Standard values (S n ) Unit Weight (W n ) Quality rating (q 7.67 6.5 – 8.5 0.2190 58 2.9 300 0.0037 121.87 222 500 0.0037 74 412 120 0.0155 82.4 75 300 0.0062 62.5 186 500 0.0037 62 345 75 0.025 69 111 30 0.061 148 75 250 0.0074 250 98 45 0.0412 39.2 33 150 0.01236 73.33 100.1 5.99 0.3723 66.73 3 5.00 0.3723 60 \r  = 1.51 \r   =1167.03 Water Quality Index = Dissolved oxygen (DO), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) are very important pollution parameters. The values of 4.0, and 2.5 -16mg/L S6) respectively. Hence the water treatment is required before it is sent into the public distribution system. The sulphate ion concentration in the entire study area varied from concentration of sulphates at S7, S6 and might be due to heavy industrial activity and seepage of sewage The chlorides are also corrosive and impart permanent hardness to water. The chlorides impart a salty taste and sometimes high auses laxative effect in human beings. The chloride content in the study area ranged from 22 – 200 (S1 – S4) mg/L. Chloride content observed within the standard value The nitrate is used to assess the self purification properties of bodies and nutrient balance in surface waters and soil and the state of determination of organic matter present in waste waters. The nitrate ion concentration is very important in public water supplies, because it causes methemoglobinemia in nitrate concentration in the study area varied S7) mg/L with all the values well below the permissible levels (ICMR, 1975) except S4. The Water Quality Index (WQI) of waters in industrial areas of able 4 to 13. The report prepared by the WHO the importance of safe water supply and sanitation in the The value of WQI in water sampling areas was reported to be less than 100, and greater than 100, indicating that the w ater is suitable for human use except at S3, S4 and S6. The value of WQI at S6 site is 123.54 mg/L and the reason may be due to seepage of saline, sewage waters and heavy industrial activity. Figure: 1 to S10 Sampling station values showing Figure: to S10 Sampling station values showing 100200300400500600 Water sampling Parameter value graph _________________________ ______ ISSN 2319–1414 Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. 43 Quality rating (q ) Wn 12.7 45.37 27.45 0.3 0.96 0.38 0.25 3.7 15.25 0.29 3.02 0.82 22.33 =1167.03 \r  = 74.79 Water Quality Index = \r       \r  = 49.52 Figure: 1 Sampling station values showing 2 Sampling station values showing S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 Water sampling Parameter value graph pH Dissolved oxygen Electrical Conductivity Total Dissolved Solids Total Alkalinity Total hardness Total suspended Solids Calcium Magnesium Chlorides Nitrates Sulphates Biological oxygen demand International Research Journal of Environment Vol. 2(5), 37-45, May (2013) International Science Congress Association Figure-3 to S10 Water Quality Index Rating showing Figure-4 to S10 Water Quality Index Rating showing References1. Horton R.K., An index number system for rating water quality, Journal of Water Pollution. Cont. (1965)2. 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