@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Parthenium hysterophorus L. compost: Assessment of its Physical Properties and Allelopathic effect on Germination and Growth of Arachis hypogeae L.<#LINE#>P.@Rajiv,S.@Narendhran,M.@Subhashkumar,A.@Sankar,Sivaraj@Rajeshwari,Venckatesh@Rajendran<#LINE#>1-5<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJEvS-2012-004.pdf<#LINE#>2 Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Karpagam University, Eachanari post, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College, Udumalpet, Tamilnadu, INDIA <#LINE#>28/12/2012<#LINE#>22/1/2013<#LINE#>This work was designed to determine the physical properties of Parthenium hysterophorus L. mediated compost and analysis of its allelopathic effect on germination and growth of Arachis hypogeae L. We investigated various physical properties of compost such as pH, electrical conductivity, moisture content, percent pore space, bulk density, particle density were analysed.  In addition to seed germination, radicle length and plumule length of Arachis hypogeae L. were determined for allelopathic effect of Parthenium mediated compost. Various concentration of cow dung and Parthenium mixed compost as well as parthenium alone compost were prepared. This experiment reports that 60th day old compost, the highest concentration of cow dung mixed parthenium (parthenium: cow dung) (1:4 and 1:3) compost respectively showed similar soil physical properties along with 96% of seed germination, highest growth level of radicles (87.2 and 85.3 mm) and plumule length (22 and 21.8 mm) when compared  to other treatments and control.  <#LINE#> @ @ Rao R.S., Parthenium: a new record for India, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 54, 218-220 (1956) @No $ @ @ Kohli R.K. and Rani D., Parthenium hysterophorus—a review, Res. Bull. Panjab Univ., 44, 105–149 (1994) @No $ @ @ Sarita K., Abhay P.S., Gokul N., Sahil B., Anubha S.,  Naim W. and Radhika W., Impact of Parthenium hysterophorus leaf extracts on the fecundity, fertility and behavioural response of Aedes aegypti L. Parasitol. Res.,108, 853–859 (2011) @No $ @ @ Sharma G.L. and Bhutani K.K., Plant-based antiamoebic drugs. Part II. Amoebicidal activity of parthenin isolated from Parthenium hysterophorus, Planta Med., 54, 20–22 (1988) @No $ @ @ Mew D., Balza F., Towers G.H.N. and Levy I.G., Antitumour effects of the sesquiterpene lactone parthenin, Planta Med., 45, 23–27 (1982) @No $ @ @ Singh H.P., Batish D.R., Pandher J.K. and Kohli R.K., Assessment of allelopathic properties of Parthenium hysterophorus residues, Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 95, 537–541 (2003) @No $ @ @ Adkins S.W. and Sowerby M.S., Allelopathic potential of the weed Parthenium hysterophorus L. in Australia, Pl. Protect. Q.,11, 20–23 (1996) @No $ @ @ Navie S.C., McFadyen R.E., Panetta F.D. and Adkins S.W., The biology of Australian weeds 27, Parthenium hysterophorus L. Pl. Protect. Q.,11, 76–88 (1996) @No $ @ @ Kohli R.K. and Batish D.R., Exhibition of allelopathy by Parthenium hysterophorus L. in agroecosystems, J. Trop. Ecol.,35, 295–307 (1994) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association             510.Picman J. and Picman A.K., Autotoxicity in Parthenium hysterophorus and its possible role in control of germination, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 12, 287–292 (1984) @No $ @ @ Kanchan S.D., Growth inhibitors from Parthenium hysterophorus Linn, Curr. Sci.,44, 358–359 (1975) @No $ @ @ Kohli R.K., Rani D., Singh H.P. and Gupta S.,  Response of crop seeds towards the leaf leachates of Partheniumhysterophorus L. I. J.W.S., 28, 104–106 (1996) @No $ @ @ Kumari A. and Kohli R.K., Autotoxicity of ragweed parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.). Weed sci., 35, 629– 635 (1987) @No $ @ @ Kanchan S.D. and Jayachandra, Allelopathic effects of Parthenium hysterophorus L. II. Leaching of inhibitors from aerial vegetative parts. Plant  Soil., 55, 61–66 (1980a) @No $ @ @ Kanchan S.D. and Jayachandra, Allelopathic effects of Parthenium hysterophorus L. IV. Identification of inhibitors. Plant Soil., 55, 67–75 (1980b) @No $ @ @ Naeem K., Hashmatullah, Khalid N., Zahid H. and Shah A.K. Assessment of allelopathic effects of parthenium Parthenium hysterophorus L.) plant parts on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) Cultivars, Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research,18, 39-50 (2012) @No $ @ @ Munesh K. and Sanjay K., Effect of Parthenium hysterophorus ash on growth and biomass of Phaseolus mungo,Academia Arena., 2, 98-102 (2010) @No $ @ @ Anteneh N. and Esayas M.,Allelopathic effects of Parthenium hysterophorus L. aqueous extracts on soybean glycine max L.) and haricot bean (phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed germination, shoot and root growth and dry matter production, J Appl. Bot. Food Qual.,84, 461-464 (2011) @No $ @ @ Belz R.G., Laan M.V.D., Reinhardt C.F. and Hurle K. Soil degradation of parthenin-does it contradict the role of allelopathy in the invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus L.? J. Chem. Ecol., 35, 1137–1150 (2009) @No $ @ @ Biradar D.P., Shivakumar K.S., Prakash S.S. and Pujar T., Bionutrient potentiality of Parthenium hysterophorus and its utility of green manure in rice ecosystem. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences19, 256-263 (2006) @No $ @ @ Son T.N., Bioconversion of organic wastes for sustainable Agriculture. Ph. D. Thesis, Tamil Nadu AgriculturalUniversity, Coimbatore (1995) @No $ @ @ Angiras N.N., International Parthenium Research News, 1 www.iprng.org(2008) @No $ @ @ Kishor P., Ghosh A.K., Singh S. and Maurya B.R., Potential use of Parthenium Parthenium hysterophorus L.) in agriculture, A.J.A.R.,, 220-225 (2010) @No $ @ @ Apurva P., Sinha S.K. and Thakur P.C., Composting an obnoxious weed, Parthenium hysterophorus L., with the help of a millipede, Harpaphe haydeniana, A.J.B.S.,, 337–343 (2010) @No $ @ @ Jackson M.L., Soil chemical analysis. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 10-50 (1973) @No $ @ @ Zucconi F., Pera A., Forte M. and de Bertoldi M., Evaluating toxicity of immature compost, Biocycle.,22, 54–57 (1981) @No $ @ @ Tejinder P.K., Mangal S., Suman D., Talwinder S. and Jasbir S., Biochemical characterization of consortium compost of toxic weeds Parthenium hysterophorus and Eichhornia crassipe,Bioresource Technol., 123, 360–365 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ndegwa P.M. and Thompson S.A., Integrating composting and vermi-composting the treatment and bioconversion of biosolids, Bioresource Technol., 76, 107–112 (2001) @No $ @ @ Yadav A. and Garg V.K., Recycling of organic wastes by employing Eisenia fetida, Bioresource Technol., 102, 2874–2880 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ganga Suresh P., Gunasekari M., Muppudathi C., Senthil kumar P. and Umamaheswari S., Physico-chemical, microbial and enzymatic analysis of mycostraw incorporated with Eudrilus eugeniae,J.M.A.,, 241-247 (2011) @No $ @ @ Adani F., Genevini P.M. and Tambone F., A new index of organic matter stability. Compost sci. Util.,, 25–37 (1995) @No $ @ @ Kobayashi K., Factors affecting phytotoxic activity of allelochemicals in soil, Weed biol. Manag., 4, 1-7 (2004) @No $ @ @ An M., Pratley J.J.E. and Haig, T.T., Phytotoxicity of Vulpia residues: IV. Dynamics of allelochemicals during decomposition of Vulpia residues and their corresponding phytotoxicity, J. Chem. Ecol., 27, 395-409 (2001) @No $ @ @ Tiquia S.M., Microbial parameters as indicators of compost maturity, J. Appl. Microbiol.,99, 816–828 (2005) @No $ @ @ Brinton W.F., Compost Quality Standards and Guidelines, Woods End Research Laboratory, USA, 32–35 (2000) @No $ @ @ Mulatu W., Gezahegn B. and Solomon T., Allelopathiceffects of an invasive alien weed Parthenium hysterophorus L. compost on lettuce germination and growth, A.J.A.R.,, 1325-1330 (2009) @No
<#LINE#>Developing a Pilot Scale Angular Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland for Treatment of Sewage through Phytoremediation with Colocasia esculenta<#LINE#>@ChavanB.L.,V.P.@Dhulap<#LINE#>6-14<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJEvS-2012-005.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences, Solapur University, Solapur, Maharashtra, INDIA <#LINE#>30/12/2012<#LINE#>13/1/2013<#LINE#>Phytoremediation is the technique based on the use of plants to remediate sites contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants. This technology is rapidly growing as is helpful to growing industries. Colocasia esculenta is a tropical plant grown primarily for its edible corm and the root vegetables. It has many names like Taro and Eddoe. It is a wide spread emergent aquatic plant, generally grows near bogs, streams, river pools and many shallow aquatic bodies. This plant is useful for wastewater treatment by its plant-root–rhizome system. In the present study, Colocasia esculenta is used for the treatment of sewage to test its pollutant absorption capacity. The studies aim at developing and assessing sewage treatment efficiency through a Angular Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed wetland pilot scale plant for treatment of sewage for sewage treatment process of Solapur city to recycle and reuse. The treated and untreated samples of sewage with different dilutions viz. 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%,70%, 80%, 90% and 100% were tested and compared with a blank (without Colocasia esculenta) as a control. The results reveal that the average reduction in EC was by 23.68%, TSS by 46.15%, TDS by 50.08%, TS by 49.34%, BOD by 54.30%, COD by 58.69%, NO by 59.48%, PO by 46.99% and SO by 39.32% against treatment of sewage in the control bed in which EC was reduced by 11.62%, TSS by 27.90%, TDS by 32.66%, TS by 29.94%, BOD by 31.26%, COD by 39.81%, NO by 23.93, PO by 20.89 and SO by 16.48% respectively. The soil samples were analyzed at before use and after use in the constructed wetland as bedding media. Considerable reduction in pollutants using Colocasia esculenta plant bed was noticed against the bed treatment without Colocasia esculenta plant. It is concluded that Colocasia esculenta is capable for the treatment of sewage. <#LINE#> @ @ Oluseyi E. Ewemoje. and Sangodoyin Abimbola Y., Developing a Pilot Scale Horizontal Sub Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands for Phytoremediation of Primary Lagoon Effluents, 11th edition of the World Wide Workshop for Young Environmental Scientists (WWW- YES-2011) @No $ @ @ - Urban Waters: resource or risks?, Arcueil : France (2011) @No $ @ @ 2.Aina M.P., Kpondjo N.M., Adounkpe J., Chougourou D. and Moudachirou M. Study of the Purification Efficiencies of three Floating Macrophytes in Wastewater Treatment, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(3), 37-43 (2012) @No $ @ @ 3.Hussen M.A., Advanced primary pre-treatment for Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT), UNESCO-IHE, M.Sc ThesisMWI-2009/10 (2009) @No $ @ @ 4.Puigagut J., Villasenor J, Salas J.J., Becares E, García D. and García J., Subsurface-flow constructed wetlands in Spain for the sanitation of small communities: a compartive study, Ecol Eng30, 312-319 (2007) @No $ @ @ 5.Vymazal J., Horizontal sub-surface flow and hybrid constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment, Ecol. 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Indo-Bhutan International conference on Advances in Environmental Sciences (AES 2012) @No $ @ @ Bhutan,(25), 57 (2012) @No $ @ @ 3.Ouellet-Plamondon C., Chazarened F., Comeau Y. and Brisson J., Artificial aeration to increase pollutant removal of constructed wetlands in cold climate, Ecol Eng27, 258-264 (2006) @No $ @ @ 4.Chavan B.L. and Dhulap V.P., Optimization of Pollutant Concentration in sewage treatment using constructed wetland through phytoremediation, International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences, GreenField Advanced Research Publishing House, In press (2012) @No $ @ @ 5.Knowles P.R., Griffin P. and Davies P.A., An investigation into development of heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity profiles in Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater treatment, 11th International Conference on Wetland Systems for Water Pollution Control, Indore, India, 814–824 (2008) @No $ @ @ 6.Coppola A., Santini A., Botti P., Vacca S., Comegna V. and Severino G., Methodological approach for evaluating the response of soil hydrological behavior to irrigation with treated municipal wastewater, J Hydrol,292, 114–134 (2004) @No $ @ @ 7.Coghlan A., Slime City, New Scientist15 (2045) @No $ @ @ , 32-36 (1996) @No $ @ @ 8.Chiroma T.M., Ebewele R.O. and Hymore F.K., Levels of Heavy Metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Fe and Cr) in Bushgreen and Roselle Irrigated with Treated and Untreated Urban Sewage Water, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(4), 50-55, (2012) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association             14lab-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands, Journal of Environmental Sciences,21, 750-757 (2009) @No $ @ @ 0.Kulkarni B.V., Ranade S. and Wasif A.I., Phytoremediation of Textile process effluent by using Water Hyacinth- A polishing treatment. Source: New Cloth Market, (2006) @No $ @ @ 1.Bécares E., Función de la vegetación y procesos de dise˜no de humedales contruidos de flujo subsuperficial horizontal y flujo superficial. 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Assess,152, 149–153 (2009) @No $ @ @ 1.Choudhary A.K., Kumar S., Sharma C. and Kumar P., Performance of constructed wetland for the treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater, Proceedings of World Environmental & Water Resources Congress-2011, Palm Springs, California, 4856-4865 (2011) @No $ @ @ 2.Choudhary A.K., Kumar S. and Sharma C., Constructed wetlands: an approach for wastewater treatment, Elixir Pollution, 37(8), 3666-3672 (2011) @No $ @ @ Vipat V., Singh U.R. and Billore S.K., Efficiency of Root zone Technology for treatment of Domestic wastewater: Field scale study of a Pilot Project in Bhopal. (MP) India, Proc. of Taal-2007, The 12th World Lake Conf. 995-1003 (2008) @No $ @ @ 4.EPA., Subsurface flow constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment: A technology assessment, Office of water, 832-R-93-008 (1993) @No $ @ @ 5.Garcia J., Aguirre P., Barragan J., Mujeriego R., Matamoros V. and Bayona J. M., Effect of key design parameters on the efficiency of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands, Ecological Engineering,25, 405–418 (2005) @No $ @ @ 6.Vymazal J., Brix H., Cooper P.F., Green M.B. and Haberl R., Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in Europe, Backhuys, Leiden, The Netherlands(1998) @No $ @ @ 37.EPA., Design Manual: Constructed Wetlands Treatment of Municipal Wastewaters, EPA/625/R- 99/010 (2000) @No $ @ @ 38.Hong M.S., Farmayan W.F., Dortch, I.J. and Chiang, C.Y., Phytoremediation of MTBE from a groundwater plume, Environmental Science and Technology35, 1231–1239 (2001) @No $ @ @ 39.Ma X. and Burken J.G., TCE diffusion to the atmosphere in phytoremediation applications, Environmental Science and Technology37, 2534–2539 (2003) @No
<#LINE#>Quality of Drilling well water: Case of six drilling wells in the municipality of sapone, Burkina Faso<#LINE#>M.@Soubeiga,I.@Guiguemde,F.@Diendere,M.@Kone,@DiarraJ.,A.@Bary<#LINE#>15-24<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJEvS-2012-008.pdf<#LINE#>Centre d’Etude pour la Promotion, l’Aménagement et  la Protection  de l’Environnement (CEPAPE), 03 BP 7021 Université de Ouagadougou, BURKINA FASO Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, de Radiochimie et d’Electrochimie (LACARE), UFR/SEA, 03 BP 7021 Université de Ouagadougou, BURKINA FASO Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT), Centre National de Recherches Scientifiques et Technologiques (CNRST), 03 BP 7047 Ouagadougou 03, BURKINA FASO Service Qualité-Eau de l’Office National de l’Eau et de l’Assainissement (ONEA) 01 BP 170 Ouagadougou 01, BURKINA FASO <#LINE#>3/1/2013<#LINE#>13/1/2013<#LINE#>Access to drinking water is a major challenge for contemporary societies characterized by a high growth of needs. In Burkina Faso, most populations in rural and semi urban areas as well as peripheral areas of urban cities use drilling water which is supposed to be of drinking water quality, although they are often polluted. Drillings are the primary source of drinking water supply in Burkina Faso; however, no study on the quality of this water is often conducted after their implementation although most of these wells are more than twenty (20) years old and are often in the middle of fields. Therefore, these wells are likely to pollution, not only by the corrosion of equipment in their facilities, but also through agriculture of which fertilizers and pesticides filter into the ground. Our research aims to study on the one hand the impact of drilling equipment on the physicochemical quality of water from wells in the long term and on the other hand to check the possible presence of pollution related to agricultural activities. Therefore we conducted our study on six (6) drillings established since 1989 in Sapone, a village about thirty miles south of Ouagadougou located in table-1 in annex. Water samples from these wells were collected and the following physicochemical parameters were analyzed: pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, nitrates, nitrites, orthophosphates, sulfates, chlorides, iron and arsenic. We then compared our results with analyzes of the water of these drillings during their implantation in 1989. We also analyzed the waters of other wells drilled in 2002 in the same area to compare these results with those of the previous drillings. It appears from this study that the waters of all these drillings are of good quality and are safe for consumption. Their contents in calcium and magnesium are quite low. Nitrate and orthophosphate found in these waters are due to agricultural and domestic activities and their concentrations do not exceed the standards set. The impact of their equipments on the physicochemical quality of their waters in the long term is negligible.  <#LINE#> @ @ Merino M., CREPAO, Water: a challenge for sub-Saharan Africa? Fondation for Strategic Research, University of Pau and the Lands of Adour, FRANCE (2008) @No $ @ @ Guillemin F., Water analysis of 198 water points in BURKINA FASO (1984) @No $ @ @ 2001-185/PRES/PM/MEE Decree laying down standards for discharge of pollutants into air, water and soil, BURKINA FASO (2001) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association             2469 Brazzaville, CONGO, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,2(1), 7-14 2012) 5.Mumtazuddin S., Azad A.K., Bharti Prabhat and Ranjan Rakesh, Physico-chemical analysis of groundwater of the Budhi Gandak belt in Muzaffarpur district, INDIA,University Department of Chemistry, B.R. Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, 842001, Bihar, INDIA, Res. J. Environment Sci.1(1), 7-11 (2012) @No $ @ @ 6.Safari D., Mulongo G., Byarugaba D. and Tumwesigye W., Impact of Human Activities on the Quality of Water in Nyaruzinga Wetland of Bushenyi District, UGANDA, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.1(4), 1-6 (2012) @No $ @ @ 7.Parihar S.S., Kumar A., Kumar A., Gupta R.N., Pathak M., Shrivastav A. and Pandey A.C., Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Analysis of Underground Water in and Around Gwalior City, MP, Res.J.Recent Sci. INDIA, 1(6), 62-65 (2012) @No $ @ @ 8.NGO SAUDI SAHEL WATER PROGRAM 2, Phase 2 of the installation program of drilling in Burkina Faso funded by Non-Governmental Organization of SAUDI ARABIA 1989)  9.Results of analyzes of water of the boreholes drilled, Ministry of Agriculture and Water, Burkina Faso (1989) @No $ @ @ 10.Results of the current analyzes of the major parameters of boreholes in 2012; Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT), Centre National de Recherches Scientifiques et Technologiques (CNRST),Ouagadougou, BURKINA FASO (2012) @No $ @ @ 11.Results of the current analyzes of undesirable substances in six (6) wells drilled in 1989 and four (4) wells implanted in 2002.  Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT), Centre National de Recherches Scientifiques et Technologiques (CNRST), Office National de l’Eau et de l’Assainissement (ONEA), Ouagadougou, BURKINA FASO (201212.UN / UNESCO, Capture and use of groundwater- boreholes and water cooling. Study of water resource in the Northern Sahara (ALGERIA and TUNISIA) (1972) @No $ @ @ 3.WHO, Report on World Health (2006) @No $ @ @ 4.Mangukiya R., Bhattacharya T. and Chakraborty S., Quality Characterization of Groundwater using Water Quality Index in Surat city, Gujarat, INDIA, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,1(4), 14-23 (2012) @No $ @ @ 5.Hade  A., Nos lacs : les connaître pour mieux les protéger. Ministère du Développement durable, de l’Environnement et des Parcs, Réseau de Surveillance Volontaire des Lacs (RSVL). Editions Fides, Canada (2002) @No $ @ @ 6.S. 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<#LINE#>Decolorization of the textile dye (Brown GR) by isolated Aspergillus strain from Meerut region<#LINE#>A.K.@Singh,@PrakashD.,S.K.@Shahi<#LINE#>25-29<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJEvS-2012-009.pdf<#LINE#> Bio-resource Tech Laboratory, Microbiology Department, CCS University, Meerut, INDIA <#LINE#>5/1/2013<#LINE#>31/1/2013<#LINE#>In the present study, an attempt was made to examine the potential of aerobic fungal culture for decolourization of Brown GR textile dye. The effect of carbon source, nitrogen source, pH, temperature, NaCl concentration of dye was studied with an aim to determine the optimal conditions required for maximum decolourization and degradation. The fungal culture exhibited maximum decolourization ability at pH between 6-7 and at 25°C.1% (v/v) inoculums 10 spores/ml with fructose sugar were found to be the optimum for decolourization. A maximum of 82% decolourization was observed at 0.05% initial concentration of dye after 5 days of incubation period. The results show that the fungal culture from environment has good potential in removal of Brown GR dye under aerobic conditions. <#LINE#> @ @ Szygula A., Guibal E., Ruiz M. and Sastre A.M., The removal of sulphonated azo-dyes by coagulation with chitosan. Colloids Surf, A: Physicochem, Eng. Aspects, 330, 219-226 (2008) @No $ @ @ Stolz A., Basic and applied aspects in the microbial degradation of azo dyes, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol, 56, 69-80 (2001) @No $ @ @ Pierce J., Colour in textile effluents-the origins of the problem, J. Soc. Dyers Colour, 110, 131-134 (1994) @No $ @ @ Pinheiro H.M., Touraud E. and Thomas O. Aromatic amines from azo dye reduction: status review with emphasis on direct UV spectrophotometric detection in textile industry wastewaters, Dyes Pigm., 61, 121-139 (2004) @No $ @ @ Srinivasan A. and Viraraghavan T., Decolorization of dye wastewaters by biosorbents: A review, J. Environ. Manage, 91, 1915-1929 (2010) @No $ @ @ Borchert M. and Libra J.A., Decolorization of reactive dyes by the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor in sequencing batch reactors, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 75, 313-321 (2001) @No $ @ @ Murugesan K., Dhamija A., Nam I.H., Kim Y.M. and Chang Y.S., Decolourization of reactive black 5 by laccase: Optimization by response surface methodology, Dyes Pigm.,75, 176-184 (2007) @No $ @ @ Misal S.A., Lingojwar D.P., Shinde R.M. and Gawai K.R., Purification and characterization of azoreductase from alkaliphilic strain Bacillus badius, Process Biochem., 46, 1264-1269 (2011) @No $ @ @ O'Neill C., Lopez A., Esteves S., Hawkes F.R., Hawkes D.L. and Wilcox S., Azo-dye degradation in an anaerobic-aerobic treatment system operating on simulated textile effluent, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 53, 249-254 (2000) @No $ @ @ Roriz M.S., Osma J.F., Teixeira J.A. and Rodriguez Couto S., Application of response surface methodological approach to optimise Reactive Black 5 decolouration by crude laccase from Trametes pubescens, J. Hazard. Mater, 169, 691-696 (2009) @No $ @ @ Canas A.I. and Camarero S., Laccases and their natural mediators: Biotechnological tools for sustainable eco-friendly processes Biotechnol, Adv., 28, 694-705 (2010) @No $ @ @ Cambria M.T., Minniti Z., Librando V. and Cambria A., Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Rigidoporus lignosus and its laccase in the presence of redox mediators, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol.,149, 1-8 (2008) @No $ @ @ Trovaslet-Leroy M., Jolivalt C., Froment M.T., Brasme B., Lefebvre B., Daveloose D., Nachon F. and Masson P., Application of laccase-mediator system (LMS) for the degradation of organophosphorus compounds, Chem. Biol. Interact., 187, 393-396 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kudanga T., Nyanhongo G.S., Guebitz G.M. and Burton S., Potential applications of laccase-mediated coupling and grafting reactions: A review, Enzyme Microb. Technol., 48, 195-208 (2011) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association             29 15.Mahbub K.R., Mohammad A., Ahmed M.M. and Begum S., Decolorization of Synthetic Dyes Using Bacteria Isolated from Textile Industry Effluent, Asian Journal of Biotechnology, , 129-136 (2012) @No $ @ @ Nehra K., Meenakshi A. andMalik K., Isolation and optimization of conditions for maximum decolourization by textile dye decolourizing bacteria, Poll Res., 27(2), 257 -264 (2008) @No $ @ @  Spadaro I.T., Michael H.G. andRenganathan V., Degradation of azo dyes by the lignin degrading fungus Phanerochaete chryosporium, Appl. Enviro. Microbial., 58, 2397-2401 (1992) @No $ @ @ Belem A., Belem A., Panteleitchouk A.V., Duarte A.C., Rocha-Santos T.A.P. and Freitas A.C., Treatment of the effluent from a kraft bleach plant with white rot fungi Pleurotus sajor caju and Pleurotus ostreatus, Global NEST Journal, 10(3), 426-431 (2008) @No $ @ @ Wang H., Su J.Q., Zheng X.W., Tian Y., Xiong X.J. and Zheng T.L., Bacterial decolorization and degradation of the reactive dye Reactive Red 180 by Citrobacter sp. CK3q”, International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation,63, 395–399 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ponraj M., Gokila K. and Zambare V., Bacterial decolorization of textile dye- orange 3R,International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research, 2(1), 168-177 (2011) @No $ @ @ Wang T. N., Lu L., Li G.F., Li J., Xu T.F. and Zhao M., Decolorization of the azo dye reactive black 5 using laccase mediator system, African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(75), 17186-17191 (2011) @No $ @ @ Aksu Z., Reactive dye bioaccumulation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Process Biochemistry, 10, 1437–1444 (2003) @No $ @ @ Singh A.K., Singh R., Soam A. and Shahi S.K., Degradation of textile dye orange 3R by Aspergillus strain (MMF3) and their culture optimization, Current Discovery, 1(1), 7-12 (2012) @No $ @ @ Cetin D. and Donmez G., Decolorization of reactive dyes by mixed cultures isolated from textile effluent under anaerobic conditions, Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 38, 926-930 (2006) @No $ @ @  @No
<#LINE#>Trivalent Chromium removal from Aqueous solution using Raw Natural Mixed Clay from BURKINA FASO<#LINE#>Samuel@Pare,Ingmar@Persson,Boubié@Guel,@,Daniel@Lundberg<#LINE#>30-37<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJEvS-2012-012.pdf<#LINE#>2  Laboratoire de Chimie organique, Structure et réactivité, U.F.R.-S.E.A–Université de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou 03, BURKINA FASO Department of Chemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, SWEDEN Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et d’Electrochimie, U.F.R.-S.E.A–Université de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou 03, BURKINA FASO <#LINE#>10/1/2013<#LINE#>20/1/2013<#LINE#>Acid-Base properties of the raw mixed clay TOU from Burkina Faso, were study as well as the potential of the sample, in removing of chromium(III). The interactions of chromium(III) cation with the natural mixed clay minerals were examined using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. Chemical elementary composition study of the mixed clay revealed presence of Silicon, Aluminum and Iron as mains elements. Qualitative mineralogical characterization of the clay by X-Ray diffraction, point out quartz and 7Å Halloysite as the dominating component in the sample. pHpzc of the clays, as determined by potentiometric titrations, was 8.21. Cr3+ adsorption on clay started at pH below pHpzc indicating inner-sphere complexes formation. More than 95% of chromium(III) is achieved at pH greater than 7. Chromium(III) forms a tetramer hydrolysis complex on the mineral surface with Cr–O bond and Cr· · ·Cr distances of 2.487, 3.087 and 3.636 Å, respectively, which is indicative of a chain structure with edge sharing CrO octahedra. <#LINE#> @ @ UN, Ground Water in West Africa, Natural Resources/Water Series,18, 53-65 (1983) @No $ @ @ Zongo I., Jean-Pierre L., Hama A. M., Joseph W. and Francois L. Removal of hexavalent chromium from industrial wastewater by electrocoagulation: a comprehensive comparison of aluminium and iron electrodes, Separation and Purification Technol, 66, 159-166 (2009) @No $ @ @ Zongo I., Joseph W., Belkacem M., Amadou H.M., Lapicque F. and Jean-Pierre L., Traitement de deux effluents textiles et d’un effluent simulé de tannerie par électrocoagulation: Etude énergétique et effet des paramètres opératoires sur le traitement des polluants, European Journal of Scientific Research, 62(2), 216 -235 (2011) @No $ @ @ Etienne B., Bouda S. and Ouedraogo L., Physical, Chemical and biological characteristics of reservoirs in Burkina Faso. Tech. Center for Agric. and Rural Co-operation, ACP-EU, 28-42 (1997) @No $ @ @ Singh D. and Singh A., Chitosan for the Removal of Chromium from Waste Water, I. Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(3), 55-57 (2012) @No $ @ @ Singh D. and Singh A., Chitosan for the Removal of Cadmium Rich Water, I. Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(5), 81-83 (2012) @No $ @ @ Abeer F.A., and Ghadir A. El-C., Adsorption of Citric Acid from Aqueous Solution onto Activated P. LentiscusLeaves, I. Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(4), 7-13 (2012) @No $ @ @ Karthika C. and Sekar M., Removal of Hg (II) ions from aqueous solution by Acid Acrylic Resin: A Study through Adsorption isotherms Analysis, 1(1), 34-41 (2012) @No $ @ @ Bradl H. B., Adsorption of heavy metal ions on soils and soils constituents, J. Colloid Interface Sci.,277, 1-18 (2004) @No $ @ @ Kabre T.S., Traore K. and Blanchart P., Mineralogy of clay raw material from Burkina Faso and Niger used for ceramic wares, Appl. Clay Sci.,12, 463-477 (1998) @No $ @ @ Sorgho B., Pare S., Guel B., Zerbo L., Traoré K. and Persson I., Study of locale mixed clay from Burkina Faso for the removal of Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cr3+, J. Soc. Ouest-Afr. Chim.,031, 49-59 (2011) @No $ @ @ Traoré K., Blanchart P., Structural transformation of a kaolinite and calcite mixture to gehlenite and anorthite. J. of Materials Res.,18(2), 475-481 (2003) @No $ @ @ Kam S., Zerbo L., Bathiebo J., Soro J., Naba S., Wenmenga U., Traoré K., Gomina M. and Blanchart P., Permeability to water of sintered clay ceramics, Appl. Clay Sci.,46, 351-357 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sajidu S.M.I., Persson I., Masamba W.R.L., Henry E.M.T. and Kayambazinthu D., Removal of Cd2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ cations and AsO3- anions from aqueous solutions by mixed clay from Tundulu in Malawi and characterisation of the clay, Water SA,32(4), 519–526 (2006) @No $ @ @ Pare S, Persson I., Guel B., Lundberg D., Zerbo L., , Kam S. and Traoré K., Heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions by sorption using natural clays from Burkina Faso, Afr. J. Biotechnol,11(45), 10395–10406(2012) @No $ @ @ Barrow N.J., Bowden J.W., Posner A.M. and Quirk J.P., Describing the adsorption of Copper, Zinc and Lead on a Variable Charge Mineral Surface, Aust. J. Soil Res., 19, 309-321 (1981) @No $ @ @ Maguire M., Slaveck J., Vimpany I., Higginson F. R. and Pickering W. F., Influence of pH on Copper and Zinc uptake by soil clays, Aust. J. Soil Res.,19, 217-229 (1981) @No $ @ @ Barbier F. Duc G. and Petit-Ramel M., Adsorption of lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solution to the montmorillonite/water interface. Colloids and surfaces, A Physicochem. Eng. Aspects,166, 153-159 (2000) @No $ @ @ Coles C.A. Yong R.N., Aspects of kaolinite characterization and retention of Pb and Cd, Appl. Clay Sci.,22, 39-45 (2000) @No $ @ @ McBride M.B., Environmental Chemistry of Soils. Oxford University Press, New York (1994) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association             37X-ray absorption fine spectroscopy, Environ. Sci. Technol.,28, 284–289 (1994) @No $ @ @ Sajidu S.M.I., Characterisation and interaction of mixed alkaline clays and moringa seeds with heavy metals in contaminated water, Doctoral dissertation, University of Malawi, Zomba, Malawi (2008) @No $ @ @ Shannon R.D., Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides, Acta. Cryst.,A32, 751 – 767 (1976) @No $ @ @ Brinatti A.M., Mascarenhas Y.P., Pereira V.P., Partiti C.S. de M., and Macedo A., Mineralogical characterization of a highly-weathered soil by the Rietveld Method, Sci. Agric.67 (4), 454-464 (2010) @No $ @ @ Marisa T.G. de O., Sandra M.A.F., Milton L.L.F., Richard A.E. and Norberto D., Coexistence of halloysite and kaolinite – a study on the genesis of kaolin clays of Campo Alegre Basin, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences,79 (4), 665– 681 (2007) @No $ @ @ Brindley G.W. and Brown G., Crystal structures of clay minerals and their x-ray identification, Mineralogical Society: London. (1980) @No $ @ @  Zabinsky S.I., Rehr J.J., Ankudinov A., Albers R. C. and Eller M.J., Multiple-scattering calculations of x-ray-absorption spectra, Physical Review B - PHYS REV B, 52 (4), 2995–3009 (1995) @No $ @ @ Drljaca A., Michaele J., Hardie, Colin L., Raston and Leone S., Self-Assembled Superanions: Ionic capsules stabilized by polynuclear chromium(III) aqua cation, Chem. Eur. J.,5(8), 2295–2299 (1999) @No $ @ @ Hans S. and Werner M., Early stages of the hydrolysis of chromium (III) in aqueous solution. 1. Characterization of the Tetrameric Species, Inorg. Chem.,22, 2155–2150 (1983) @No $ @ @  @No
<#LINE#>Studies on Ichthyofaunal Diversity of Karanja Reservoir, Karnataka, India<#LINE#>A.S.@KumarNaik,S.@Benakappa,S.R.@Somashekara,H.N.@Anjaneyappa,Kumar.@Jitendra,V.@Mahesh,@SrinivasH.Hulkoti,K.B.@Rajanna<#LINE#>38-43<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJEvS-2012-018.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Fisheries Resources and Management, College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Mangalore, Karnataka, INDIA<#LINE#>23/1/2013<#LINE#>1/2/2012<#LINE#>The present work is an attempt to assess the biodiversity of fish fauna in Karanja Reservoir located in the northern part of Karnataka between 17°2230 N latitude and 76°59 E longitude. During the study period, it was observed that the 64 species of finfishes belonging to 37 genera, 16 families and 5 orders were recorded. Among them order Cypriniformes represented 31 fish species followed by Siluriformes 20, Perciformes 10, Osteoglossiformes 2 and order Synbranchiformes 1 fish species. The Simpson’s index of diversity (1- Lambda') was highest in Athiwala (B) (0.9235) followed by Byalahalli (A) (0.8970) and Kheni Ranjola (C) (0.8842). This indicated that the greater fish biodiversity in Athiwala fish landing centre when compared to other two centres. Overall the number of fish landings was more in A (S= 60, N= 7342) followed by B (S= 59, N= 5507), A (S= 59, N= 3487) and the species richness (d) was more in B (7.1106). However, Margalef’s species richness (d) showed clear differences between the centres. Further the number of dominant species (N) was more in B. The similarity in species composition and abundance among centres was in the range of 76.21-83.46. In this study an attempt has been made to evaluate the ichthyofaunal diversity in the region and suggests mitigating measures. <#LINE#> @ @  @No
<#LINE#>Characteristic Change of Effluent from a Chlor-alkali Industry of India due to Process Modification<#LINE#>Basu@Subrata,Mukhopadhyay@SwapanKumar,@AmitavaGangopadhyay,Dastidar@SujataG.<#LINE#>44-47<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJEvS-2012-020.pdf<#LINE#>4 PhD Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, INDIA 2,3Faculty Member, Department of Civil Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, INDIA Dept. of Microbiology, Herbicure Healthcare Bio-Herbal Research Foundation, Metro Garden City, Pailan, D.H. Road, Kolkata, INDIA <#LINE#>25/1/2013<#LINE#>5/2/2013<#LINE#>This paper highlights different techniques used for waste minimization in one of the units of a chlor-alkali plant in Uttarpradesh, India. This paper points out various possibilities to reuse the waste produced in the above-mentioned unit. The main focus of this paper is on the evaluation of waste minimization at source due to process modification. The possible improvement of the treatment of effluent is also duly considered. <#LINE#> @ @ Howlet C.T., Vice President/Managing Director, Chlorine Chemistry Council, presentation before the Americal Legislative Council, Washington, D.C., 7th December, (1995) @No $ @ @ Available at : kbda.com/c3/library/cth3.html 2.Islam Md. Saiful, World Chemical Products & Global Heavy Chemicals Limited (2009) @No $ @ @ , available at : opsoglobal.com/opso_g/gh_intro.html 3.Olufemi Babatope A., Ozowe Williams O.,Komolafe Ololade O., ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,6(3), 49 (2011) @No $ @ @ Olufemi Babatope, Popoola Grace, Towobola Oluwatobi and Awosanya Olanrewaju, Mathematical Modelling of a Reduced Thermal Energy Consuming Spary Dryer for Evaporating Caustic Soda Solution, Research Journal of Applied Sciences,Engineering and Technology, 4(11),1550-1556 (2012) @No $ @ @ Executive Summary of Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) in Chlor-Alkali manufacturing industry, European Commission, European IPPC Bureau, December 2001) @No $ @ @ Chlorine manufacture-Membrane Cell, Greener Industry, Chlorine, available at : greener-industry.org.uk/pages /chlorine/8chlorine_PM3.htm (2012) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association             477.Grotheer Morris, Alkire Richard and Varjian Richard, Industrial Electrolysis and Electrochemical Engineering, The Electrochemical Society, Interface (2006) @No $ @ @ Gupta Amit & Rajurkar Prashant, Waste Minimisation in a Chlor-Alkali Plant, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai-400076,India, 14thJuly (2001) @No $ @ @  Available at : iitsine.org/awards /a2001/ wasteminimisation.pdf. 9.Munoz  E, Navia R, Life cycle assessment of solid waste management strategies in a chlor-alkali production facility, Waste Manage. Res., 29, 634-43(2011) @No $ @ @ Chlor-Alkali Plants, Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook, World Bank Group (1998) @No $ @ @ Chlor-Alkali Plant Expansion, Frankfurt Hoechst, Germany-Chemical Technology, Akzo Nobel (2004) @No $ @ @ www.chemicals-technology.com/projects/chlor_alkali.12.Minteer Shelley D, Dittman Mark R., Pasek Sarah J. and Reidy Shana ; Magnetic Field Effects on Electrosynthetis Processes, Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501, Laclede Ave., St.Louis, MO 63103 (2012) @No $ @ @ Olin Chlor Alkali Products, Becancour, QC, Montreal,Canada (2003) @No $ @ @ , available at: olinchloralkali.com /Locations/BecancourQC.aspx 14.Guideline document on Benchmarking of SHE Activities of Chlor-Alkali Units, 12 (2011) @No $ @ @ , Alkali Manufacturers Association of India,3rd floor, Pankaj Chambers, Preet Vihar Commercial complex, Vikas Marg, Delhi – 110092. 15.Das Shantunu, Babu C.S., Kumar Sushil, The success story of energy saving by design modification at chlorine compressor discharge at chlor-alkali plant,RIL, Dahej, page 2, available at : energymanage Training.com /announcement/../Shantunu Das (2012) @No $ @ @ Chloralkali, Grasim India Limited, Chemical Division, Nagda, Madhya Pradesh, Major Project Implemented for Energy Conservation, page131(2008) @No $ @ @ , available at : emt-india.net/eca2008/ Awardbooklet2008/05chlor_Alkali.pdf 17.Parikh P.N., Improvement initiatives for chlor-alkali sector @No $ @ @ PAT scheme of Govt. of India, Potential assessment from baseline EA, EE Technologies, Waste minimization & Energy Productivity (2012) @No $ @ @  @No
<#LINE#>Isolation, Characterization and Identification of Diesel Engine Oil Degrading Bacteria from Garage Soil and Comparison of their Bioremediation Potential<#LINE#>Nikhil@Teli,Deepa@Verma,@GavankarRohan,Satish@Bhalerao<#LINE#>48-52<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJEvS-2012-092.pdf<#LINE#>3 Department of Biotechnology, Viva College, Virar (W), Maharashtra, INDIA Department of Botany, Viva College, Virar (w), Maharashtra, INDIA Department of Botany, Wilson College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, INDIA <#LINE#>30/11/2012<#LINE#>12/1/2013<#LINE#>The rate of biodegradation of diesel engine oil by microorganisms isolated from garage soil (petroleum contaminated soil) was studied. Modified diesel engine oil medium was used and two most abundant microorganisms were isolated from garage soil – Micrococcus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were found to be hydrocarbon degraders and these two bacteria’s were selected for the degradation test. The degradation of diesel engine oil was monitored at a five day interval up to twenty five day period, using gravimetric method. After 25 days of incubation period, Pseudomonas sp. degraded 67.57 % of the oil and Micrococcus sp. with 52.95 %. But the mixture of Micrococcus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were found to have great potential to degrade diesel engine oil i.e. 89.98 % after 25 days. The rate of degradation of diesel engine oil by Micrococcus sp. was found to be 7.48 x 10-4gm/hr and that of Pseudomonas sp. was 9.55 x 10-4gm/hr while the mixture of both bacterial isolates showed highest rate of degradation of diesel engine oil i.e. 1.27 x 10-3gm/hr.<#LINE#> @ @ Hill G.B., Moxey J.G., Gasoline and Diesel oil In: Gathee VB (ed) Petroleum Product Handbook Mc-Grew Hill, 4, 1-4 NY (1980) @No $ @ @ Baker J.M., Mangroove swamps and the oil Industry, Environ. Pollut. Bull., 12 (1982) @No $ @ @ Zahir A.Z., Malik M.A.R. and Arshad M., The effect of oil pollution of soil on germination, growth and nutrient uptake of corn, Journal of Environmental Quality,, 537-540 (2001) @No $ @ @ Adriano Pinto Mariano, Ana Paula de Arruda Geraldes Kataoka, Dejanira de Franceschi de Angelis Daniel Marcos Bonotto, Laboratory study on the bioremediation of diesel oil contaminated soil from a petrol station, Brazilian Journal of Microbiology,38(2), (2007) @No $ @ @ Nwaogu L.A., Onyeze G.O.C and Nwabueze R.N., Degradation of diesel oil in a polluted soil using Bacillus subtilis, African Journal of Biotechnology,7(12), 1939-1943 (2008) @No $ @ @ Bergey D.H.,  Holt John G., et al, Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology, Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins (1994) @No $ @ @ Dong-ju Kim, Seung-gun Chung, Sang-hyup Lee and Jae-woo Choi, Relation of microbial biomass to counting units for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, African Journal of Microbiology,6(21), 4620-4622 (2012) @No $ @ @ Udeme J.J., Antai S.P., Biodegradation and Mineralization of Crude oil by Bacteria, Niger. J. Biotechnol., 5: 77-85. (1988) @No $ @ @ Akhavan Sepahi, I. Dejban Golpasha, M. Emami, A. M. NakhodaIran. J. Environ. Health. Sci. Eng.,5(3), 149-154(2008) @No $ @ @ Ijah U.J.J.,  Antai  S.P., Degradation  and  mineralization  of  crude oil  by bacteria, Nigerian Journal of  Biotechnology,,  79-86 (1988) @No $ @ @ Ijah U.J.J., Okang C.N., Petroleum Degrading capabilities of bacteria isolated from soil, W.A.J. Biol. Appl. Chem., 38(1-4), 9-15 (1993) @No $ @ @  @No
<#LINE#>Index Analysis, Graphical and Multivariate Statistical Approaches for Hydrochemical Characterisation of Damodar River and its Canal System, Durgapur, West Bengal, India<#LINE#>Rama@Bhattacharyya,@KumarManoj,Kumar@PadhyPratap<#LINE#>53-62<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJEvsS-2012-065.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, 731235, Birbhum, West Bengal, INDIA <#LINE#>18/10/2012<#LINE#>27/10/2012<#LINE#> Damodar river, one of the most important tributaries of river Ganges, flows through two Indian states Jharkhand and West Bengal. The river basin is characterised by the presence of large scale mining and industrial activities owing to the rich occurrence of mineral resources. The river in West Bengal flows through the steel city Durgapur where a massive 692 metres barrage is located across the river. Two main canals originate from the Durgapur barrage supplying water to an extensive network of canal systems. The major objectives of the present study were, i. to investigate the hydrochemical profile of the Damodar river and its canal waters, ii. to develop an objective water quality index (WQI) indicating their overall ecological status, iii. to apply intelligent data analyses techniques like graphical methods and multivariate statistical approaches on water quality data for better interpretation of water chemistry, iv. to test the suitability of waters for irrigation using sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), percentage sodium (%Na) and permeability index (PI). Water samples were analysed for sixteen parameters to develop a suitable hydrochemical profile. Piper diagram was used for plotting major cations and anions suggesting the water types. Principal component analysis (PCA)/Factor analysis (FA) and cluster analysis (CA) along with correlation analysis was performed on the data matrix for apportionment of sources of chemicals found in the river and canal waters. Important findings of the study are i.WQI (53.63 – 65.00) classified river and canal waters into medium category indicating anthropogenic influence on the surface water characteristics, ii. Piper diagram suggested water types ranging from Mixed-Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl to Na-Cltype, iii. PCA/FA and CA interpreted both geogenic and anthropogenic factors responsible for influencing the water chemistry, iv.  SAR (1.43 – 2.27), %Na (39.96 – 55.93) and PI (56.49 – 101.19) values along with the United States Salinity Laboratory diagram and the Wilcox diagram reflected suitability of the river and canal waters for irrigation. The organic pollution load emerged to be a serious concern and proper attention is required for controlling this problem.<#LINE#> @ @ Damodar River, From Wikipedia the Free Encyclopaedia., http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damodar_River, Accessed on 10th October (2012) @No $ @ @ Durgapur, West Bengal, From Wikipedia the Free Encyclopaedia., http://en.wikipedia.org /wiki/ Durgapur,_West_Bengal, Accessed on 10th October (2012) @No $ @ @ Sarkar L. and Banerjee S., Breeding Ground Profile of Food Fish Species in Damodar River System, Int. J. Biol.,2(1), 51-61 (2010) @No $ @ @ Gupta S. and Banerjee U.S., Geochemistry of the River Damodar-the Influence of the Geology and  Weathering Environment on the dissolved load, Int. J. Geomatics Geosci.,2(3), 853-867 (2012) @No $ @ @ Durgapur barrage, From Wikipedia the Free Encyclopaedia., http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durgapur _Barrage, Accessed on 10th October (2012) @No $ @ @ Bhardwaj V., Singh D.S. and Singh A.K., Water Quality of the Choti Gandak River Using Principal Component Analysis, Ganga Plain, India, J. Earth Syst. Sci.,119(1), 117-127 (2010) @No $ @ @ American Public Health Association (APHA), Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, APHA, AWWA, WPCF, 21st Centennial Edition, Washington DC, USA (2005) @No $ @ @ Pesce S.F. and Wunderlin, D.A. 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@Short Communication
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The water is usually treated with disinfectant before it is distributed however, sometimes insufficient dose of disinfectant or leakage of distribution pipelines may gain the entry of pathogens in to drinking water and become a major cause of outbreaks.  The number of outbreaks that has been reported throughout the world indicates that transmission of pathogens by drinking water remains a significant cause of illness. By considering this in the present study bacteriological analysis was carried out for indicator organisms i.e. total coliform and fecal coliform (E.coli) by MPN method and using Endo agar and IMViC tests. A total of 60 samples were collected from six different sites from a period of May 2010 to October 2010 five sites from consumer’s tap of A B C D and E ward and one from water reservoir at Balinga lifting site. Results indicated that all samples were found contaminated with total coliforms as well as fecal coliforms in the month of June, July and August. Sample from E ward showed positive results throughout the study period and also the counts were higher in E ward samples. 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