@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Extraction and Application of Eco – Friendly Natural dye obtained from Leaves of Acalypha indica Linn on Cotton Fabric<#LINE#>P.@Saravanan,Ch@,G.@ramohan,@MariajancyraniJ.,P.@Shanmugasundaram<#LINE#>1-5<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-221.pdf<#LINE#>3 Department of Chemistry, Kings College of Engineering, Punalkulam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu-613303, INDIADepartment of Chemistry, A.V.V.M Sri Pushpam College, Poondi, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu-613503, INDIA TÜV Rheinland Bangladesh Pvt. Ltd., Gulshan-2. Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh, INDIA <#LINE#>20/10/2013<#LINE#>24/11/2013<#LINE#>The present investigation was carried out to revive the old art of dyeing with natural dye from leaves of Acalypha indica Linn. It belongs to family Euphorbiaceae, commonly known as kuppaimeni. The dye has good scope in the commercial dyeing of cotton in textile industry. In the present study, bleached cotton fabrics were dyed with different chemical and natural mordants. Dyeing was carried out by pre-mordanting, post mordanting and simultaneous mordanting. The dyed samples have shown good washing, light, rubbing fastness and perspiration fastness properties. The various colour changes were measured by computer colour matching software. ICPMS studies have proved that, heavy metals such as antimony, arsenic, cadmium and lead were not present in the dye extract. Anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities of the dye were also studied. <#LINE#> @ @ Ashis Kumar Samanta and Priti Agarwal, Indian Journal of Fibre and textile Research, 34, 384-399, (2009) @No $ @ @ Kulkarni S.S, Gokhale A.V, Bodake U.M. and Pathade G.R., Universal Journal of Environmental  Research and Technology, 1(2), 135-139 (2011) @No $ @ @ Taylor G.W., Review of progress in colouration, 53 (1986) @No $ @ @ Jothi D., AUTEX Research Journal, , 12 (2008) @No $ @ @ Purrohit A., Mallick S., Nayak A., Das N.B., Nanda B. and Sahoo S., Current science, 92, 12 (2007) @No $ @ @ Jagatheeswari D., Deepa J., Sheik Jahabar Ali H. and Ranganathan P., International Journal of Research in Botany, 3(1), 19-22 (2013) @No $ @ @ Saravanan P., Chandramohan G., Saivaraj S. and Deepa D., J. Nat. Prod. Plant Resour., 3(2), 80-85, (2013) @No $ @ @ Vankar P.S., Shanker R. and Dixit S., Pigment and Resin Technology, 37(5), (2008) @No $ @ @ Habibzadeh S., Tayebi H., Ekrami E., Shams Nateri A., Allahinia M. and Bahmani M., World Journal of Applied Journal, 9(3), 295-299 (2010) @No $ @ @ Pabita Saha and Siddhatha Datta, Dyes and Chemicals, WWW.fibre2fashion.com, (2010) @No $ @ @ Thiry M.C., AATCC Rev, , 11-17 (2001) @No $ @ @ Rajni Singh, Astha Jain, Shikha Panwar, Deepti Guptha and S.K Khare, Dyes and Pigments, 1-4 (2005) @No $ @ @ Rakhi Shanker and Padma S Vangar, Dyes and Pigments, 1-6 (2006) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Physiological and Pigment variations in Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd. grown on Chromium polluted Soil treated with Chelants<#LINE#>@SubhaPriyaVenkateswaran,Sivaraj@Rajeshwari<#LINE#>6-12<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-223.pdf<#LINE#>* Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Karpagam University, Eachanari,  Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, INDIA<#LINE#>21/10/2013<#LINE#>20/11/2013<#LINE#>A study was conducted in an artificially polluted soil to evaluate the growth of Talinum triangulare under varying concentrations of two different chelants- EDTA and citric acid either separately or in combination. The performance of these chelants in promoting plant growth under chromium pollution was also studied which would help in selection of the chelant to be employed for any further chelant assisted phytoremediation techniques. It was found that increase in concentration of chelants above 500mg/kg in case of EDTA, 750mg/kg of mixed chelants produced toxicity symptoms in the plant. At a specific concentration of each chelant, growth was induced and later decreased showing that higher concentration of chelants may itself pose toxicity to the plants which are already facing metal stress. Therefore selection of the chelant and also the concentration to be employed becomes a necessary part of chelant assisted phytoremediation. From this study it can be stated that a safer removal of chromium can be brought about by employing citric acid which does not lead to any toxicity.  <#LINE#> @ @ Ayeni, O. O., Ndakidemi, P. A., Snyman, R. G. and Odendaal, J. P., Metal contamination of soils collected from four different sites along the lower Diep River, Cape Town, South Africa, Int. J. Phys. Sci., 5(13), 2045-2051 (2010) @No $ @ @ Venkateswarlu, P., Venkata Ratnam, M., Subba Rao, D. and Venkateswara Rao, M., Removal of chromium from an aqueous solution using Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf powder as an adsorbent, Int. J. Phys. Sci.,2 (8)188-195 (2007) @No $ @ @ Abdullahi, M. A., Mohammed, S. S. and Mshelia, M. S., Distributions of Cr, Zn and Pb in soil along the Bank of River Kaduna, Nigeria, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,2(7), 64-68 (2013) @No $ @ @ Grace Esohe Uwumarongie-Ilori and Felix Ebhodaghe Okieimen, Phytoremediation of chromated copper arsenate contaminated soil by maize (Zea mays L.), J. Biodiversity and Environ. Sci.,1(2), 1-6 (2011) @No $ @ @ John Jason Mellem, Phytoremediation of Heavy Metalsusing Amaranthus dubius-Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the Degree of Master of Technology (Biotechnology) in the Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, (2008) @No $ @ @ Vemula Madhavi, Ambavaram Vijay Bhaskar Reddy, Kalluru Gangadhara Reddy, Gajulapalle Madhavi and Tollamadugu Naga Krishna Vara Prasad, An overview on research trends in remediation of chromium,  Res. J. Recent Sci.,2(1), 71-83 (2013) @No $ @ @ Panichev, N., Mandiwana, K., Kataeva, M. and Siebert, S., Determination of Cr (VI) in plants by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry after leaching with sodium carbonate, Spec. Acta B,60, 699-703 (2005) @No $ @ @ Rakesh Sharma, M. S. and Raju, N. S., Correlation of heavy metal contamination with soil properties of industrial areas of Mysore, Karnataka, India by cluster analysis, Int. Res. J. Environmen. Sci.,2(10), 22-27 (2013) @No $ @ @ Chiroma, T. M., Ebewele, R. O. and Hymore, F. K., Levels of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Fe and Cr) in Bushgreen and Roselle irrigated with treated and untreated urban sewage water, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,1(4), 50-55 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mohanty, M. and Patra, H. K., Attenuation of Chromium toxicity in mine waste water using water hyacinth, J. Stress Phy. & Biochem., 7(4), 335-346 (2011) @No $ @ @ Lakatos, G. Y., Csatári,  I., Igaz, T., Gyulai, I. and Mészáros, I., Studies on phytoremediation in a chromium contaminated area in Hungary, Int. Rev. Appl. Sci. Eng.,2(2), 111–116 (2011) @No $ @ @ Virendra Kumar Mishra and Tripathi, B.D., Accumulation of chromium and zinc from aqueous solutions using water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), J. Haz. Mat., 164, 1059-1063 (2009) @No $ @ @ Rajalakshmi, K., Kumar, P., Saravanakumar, A., Aslam, A., Shahjahan, A. and Ravikumar, R.,          Arachis bioassay for soil contaminated with hexavalent chromium, Rec. Res. Sci. Tech.,2(6), 110-115 (2010) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association             1214.Perumal Sundaramoorthy, Alagappan Chidambaram, Kaliyaperumal Sankar Ganesh, Pachikkaran Unnikannan and Logalakshmanan Baskaran, Chromium stress in paddy: (i) Nutrient status of paddy under chromium stress; (ii) Phytoremediation of chromium by aquatic and terrestrial weeds, C R Biol., 333(8), 597-607 (2010) @No $ @ @ Orhue, E.R. and Ekhomun, A.M., Chromium effects on early growth of water leaf (Talinum triangulare) in an Ultisol, American- Eurasian J. Agric. and Environ. Sci.,7 (5), 586-590 (2010) @No $ @ @ Abhay Kumar, Prasad, M.N.V. and Oksana Sytar, Lead toxicity, defense strategies and associated indicative biomarkers in Talinum triangulare grown hydroponically, Chemosphere, 89, 1056- 1065 (2012) @No $ @ @ Quan- Ying Wang, Dong- Mei Zhou, Long Cang and Tian- Ran Sun, Application of bioassays to evaluate a copper contaminated soil before and after a pilot-scale electrokinetic remediation, Environmental pollution, 157, 410-416 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sandra Radic, Marija Babic, Dragan Skobic, Vibor Roje and Branka Pevalek- Kozlina. Ecotoxicological effects of aluminium and zinc on growth and antioxidants in Lemna minor L., Ecotox. Environ. Safety,73, 336-342 (2010) @No $ @ @ Monalisa Mohanty and Hemanta Kumar Patra. Effect of chelate- assisted hexavalent chromium on physiological changes, biochemical alterations, and chromium bioavailability in crop plants- an in vitro phytoremediation approach, Bioremediation journal, 16(3), 147-155 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sun, Y., Zhou, Q. and Wang, L., Liu, W. The influence of different growth stages and dosage of EDTA on Cd uptake and accumulation in Cd- hyperaccumulator (Solanum nigrum L.), Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 83, 348-353 (2009) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>The Effect of Honey on the Mycelial Growth of Pleurotus sajor caju (Oyster mushroom)<#LINE#>H.O@Stanley,@OduN.N.,J.U.@Onwuka<#LINE#>13-18<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-228.pdf<#LINE#> Department of microbiology, university of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323 Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, NIGERIA<#LINE#>27/7/2013<#LINE#>4/8/2013<#LINE#>Various agar culture containing different quantities of honey were investigated for culturing the mycelial of Pleurotus sajor-caju, an edible mushroom. The mushroom was cultured to source for low input, cheap and an improved method of growing active mycelial for the production of viable mushroom spawn (seeds). The study revealed that P. sajor-caju had the highest mycelial growth with growth rate 12.14mm/day on 25ml of honey on cassava peeling culture media while the least mycelial was observed on plantain peeling culture media with growth rate of 2.43mm/day on 25ml of honey. From the study it is clear that organic waste materials could be incorporated in culture media preparation for edible mushroom mycelial production. <#LINE#> @ @ Spore C.T.A. Information for agricultural development in ACP Countries, 124(2006) @No $ @ @ Qei P., Manual on Mushroom Cultivation Tool Foundation Amsterdam, 42-50 (1992) @No $ @ @ Stanley,H.O. Effect of substrates of spawn production on mycelial growth of Oyster mushroom species. Agriculture and biology journal of north America, 1(5), 817-820 (2010) @No $ @ @ Fergusen M.G.A., Preliminary Study of the Germination of the spores of Agaricus Compestries and other Bedsidiomycetous Fungi. Bull 16 Bur Plant Industry US Dept. of Agriculture (1902) @No $ @ @ Dugga B.M., The Principles of Mushroom growing and mushroom spawn making Bull, 85 Bur. Plant industry, US Dept. of Agriculture (1905) @No $ @ @ Jenison W.M., The growth of wood-rotting fungi in submerged culture Am. J. Bot 35, 801-804 (1948) @No $ @ @ Kaul. T.N., Cultural Studies on Movels, Mushroom Sci X1, 781-788 (1981) @No $ @ @ Fries L., Mutation induced in Comprinus fimetarius (L) by nitrogen mustard Nature, 162, 846-847 (1948) @No $ @ @ Block S.S., Stearms T.W., Stephens R.L. and Mccandless R.F., Mushroom Mycelium Experiments with Submerged Culture. I Agric. Pd Chem, 1, 890-893 (1953) @No $ @ @ Riggenbach A., Fomes liguosus, a Pyrimidine deficient fungus. Nature, 180, 43-44 (1957) @No $ @ @ Quimio T.H., Philipine Auriularia taxonomy, nutrition and cultivation, Mushroom Sci.,X1, 685-696 (1981) @No $ @ @ Volz P.A. and E.S Berneke, Nutritional regulaton of basidiocarp ormation and mycelia growth of Agarcales Mycopth E.T. Mycologia Applic., 37, 223-253 (1991) @No $ @ @ Kadiri M and I.A Kehinde, Production of grain mother and planting spawns of lentinus suhnudus Nigerian J. Rot. 12-37-44 (1990) @No $ @ @ Chang. S.T and Hayes W.A., Cultivation in the Western Countries Growing in caves. In Biology and Cultivation of Edible Mushroom New York, Academic Press, 819 (1978) @No $ @ @ Jabloski L., Changes in biochemical and physiological activities of substrates colonized by fungi. Pleurotus, estreatus, lentinus edodes and Agrocybe negirita, Mushroom Sci. 11, 659-673 (1981) @No $ @ @ Ingold C.T. and Hudson H.J., The Biology of fungi 6t1 Edn. Chapman and hall., 179-206 (1993) @No $ @ @ Poppe J., A Use of agricultural waste materials in the cultivation of Mushrooms. Mushroom Sci., 15, 3-23 (2000) @No $ @ @ Edward. R, The missing ink Mushroom in Permaculture Magazines, 25, 37-39 (2000) @No $ @ @ Ukoima H.N. and Ikpe F.N. Cultural studies of mycelia of Volvariella volvacea, Pleurotus tuber- regium and and Pleurotus sajor caju on different culture media, Pakistan J. of nutrition,  8(7), 1052-1054(2009) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Spatial and Temporal Variation of Particulate Matter with Height in Residential and Sand Mining Areas in Ganjam district of Odisha, India<#LINE#>Yadav@AkhileshK.,Sahoo@SunilK.,@A.VinodKumar,P@Govind,ey@<#LINE#>19-24<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-230.pdf<#LINE#>Civil Engineering Department, Madan Mohan Malaviya Engineering College, Gorakhpur – 273 010, UP, INDIAHealth Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai - 400 085, INDIA Radiation Safety Systems Division,Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai - 400 085, INDIA<#LINE#>3rd/11/2013<#LINE#>18/11/2013<#LINE#>Particulate Matter concentrations were analyzed from Ganjam district of Odisha during January – December, 2010.The average concentration of PM10 in sand mining area at 1 and 4 metre height were observed to be 56.6±2.2 and 34.0±5.0 µg.m-3respectively.The seasonal variation of SPM and PM10 levels at study sites are visible in the order of winter &#x0000; summer &#x0000; rainy season. The PM10 levels in the month of January and February were lowest as compared tothe whole year of 2010.This may be due to dew factor in the winter season. After the apportionment, it is found that even though the SPM concentrationsare well below the standards set bynational environmental agency,PM10 concentrations also appears to be well within the limit. However, there are obvious differences in the occurrence time of the minimum concentration among of particulate matters. The differences in the occurrence time of minima between SPM and PM10 are due to their diffusion behaviour in the atmospheric boundary layer. <#LINE#> @ @ NAAQS, National ambient air quality standards, Central Pollution Control Board, Notification, Government of India (2009) @No $ @ @ Akhilesh K. Yadav, S.K. Sahoo, J.S. Dubey, S.K. Tripathi, D.V. Sagar, A.V. Kumar, Govind Pandey and R.M. Tripathi, Temporal variation of SPM and PM10 and distribution of toxic metals around a beach sand mining site, Proceeding of National Symposium on Environment, 309-313 (2013) @No $ @ @ Walter A. Ham, Chris R. Ruehl and Michael J. Kleeman, Seasonal Variation of Airborne Particle Deposition Efficiency in the Human Respiratory System, Aerosol Science and Technology, 45, 795-804 (2011) @No $ @ @ Goudie A.S. and Middleton N.J., Desert dust in the Global system. Springer, printed in Germany 157 - 165 and 287 (2006) @No $ @ @ Wei A. and Meng Z., Evaluation of micronucleus induction of sand dust storm fine particles (PM2.5) in human blood lymphocytes. Journal of the Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 22, 292 – 297 (2006) @No $ @ @ Lutgens F.K., and Tarbuck E.J., The Atmosphere, 7thedition. Prentice Hall International, INC. 434 (1998) @No $ @ @ Shaofei Kong, Bin Han, Zhipeng Bai, Li Chen, Jianwu Shi and Zhun Xu, Receptor modeling of PM2.5, PM10 and TSP in different seasons and long-range transport analysis at a coastal site of Tianjin, China. Science of the Total Environment 408, 4681–4694 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sagareswar Gummeneni, Yusri Bin Yusup, Murthy Chavali and S. Z. Samadi, Source apportionment of particulate matter in the ambient air of Hyderabad city, India,Atmospheric Research,101, 752-764 (2011) @No $ @ @ Srimuruganandam B. and Shiva Nagendra S. M., Chemical characterization of PM10 and PM2.5 mass concentrations emitted by heterogeneous traffic. Science of the Total Environment, 409, 3144–3157 (2011) @No $ @ @ Aditi Kulshresth, Gursumeeran Satsangi, P., Jamson Masih and Ajay Taneja, Metal concentration of PM2.5 and PM10particles and seasonal variations in urban and rural environment of Agra, India, Science of the Total Environment, 407, 6196–6204 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sharma V. K. and Patil R. S., In-situ measurements of spatial and temporal variation of atmospheric aerosols in Bombay, Journal of Aerosol Science, 22, 501–507 (1991) @No $ @ @ Tripathi R.M., A. Vinod Kumar, Manikandan S.T., Bhalke S., Mahadevan T.N. and Puranik V.D., Vertical distribution of atmospheric trace metals and their sources at Mumbai, India, Atmospheric Environment,38, 135 - 146 (2004) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Study of Physicochemical Characterization of Lonar Lake Effecting Biodiversity Lonar Lake, Maharashtra, India<#LINE#>@ShindeVinodA.,S.M.@More<#LINE#>25-28<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-234.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Microbiology, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded, Maharashtra, INDIA<#LINE#>9/11/2013<#LINE#>30/11/2013<#LINE#>The lonar crater lake is proved to be caused by a Meteor which is mainly of rocky material and the pH values of the lake water are generally higher than 10and occasionally reaching 12. The lake is a closed system without any outlet and the lake is unique due to its salinity, alkalinity and biodiversity. Water is the most vital abiotic component of the lake ecosystem and while studying the biodiversity of any lake ecosystem, the Knowledge of the physicochemical quality of lake water becomes important. Therefore in present article studies on physicochemical quality of water and in Lonar Lake were done and it was seen that chlorides and salinity of the Lake water is decreasing, but the biodiversity of the lonar lake is increasing as we found presence of some microorganisms i.e. Some Bacillus species, Some Lysinibacillus species and Some Pseudomonas species. <#LINE#> @ @ Melosh H.J.,Impact catering: A geological process, New York Oxford University Press, 245 (1989) @No $ @ @ Charles A. Wood and Leif Anderson., New Morphometric data for Lunar Raters, Proceding 9th Lunar and Planet,(1978) @No $ @ @ Bond J.W.,The development of central peaks in lunar craters, Moon and Planets,25, (1981) @No $ @ @ Hoyt W.G.,In Coon Mountain Controversies: Metor Crater and the development of impact theory, University of Arizona press,(1987) @No $ @ @ Shoemaker E.M.,The solar system: The moon, meteorites and comets, eds. Middle horst and Kuiper GP, University of Chicago Press, Chicago,4, 301 (1963) @No $ @ @ Fredriksson K., Dube A., Milton D.J. and Balasundaram M.S., Lonar Lake, India: An impact crater in basalt, Sci, 180, 862-864 (1973) @No $ @ @ Aprile F., Darwich A.J., Siqueira G.W., Santos F.R.R. and Miguéis A.M.B., Application of Hydrological and Limnological studies on Building Model for Water circulation of Meromictic Black Water Lakes at the Central Amazonia, Brazil, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.2(7), 58-63 (2013) @No $ @ @ Chakrabarti R. and Basu A.R., Trace element and isotopic evidence for Archean basement in the Lonar Crater impact breccia, Deccan Volcanic Province, Earth and Planetary Science Letters,247, 197-211 (2006) @No $ @ @ Chavan Nilesh S. and Jawale Chetan S., Evaluation of the Range of Heavy Metal concentration and its levels of Accumulation in the Fish Sample of River Savitri at Mahad-MIDC, MS, India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 2(7), 69-75, (2013) @No $ @ @ Dubey Savita,Analysis of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Kshipra RiverWater at Ujjain, India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. 2(7), 1-4 (2013) @No $ @ @ Taiwade V.S.,A study of Lonar Lake–meteorite impact crater basalt rock, Bull Astr Soc Ind.,23, 105-111 (1995) @No $ @ @ Jhingran A.G. and Rao K.V., Lonar Lake and its salinity, Geol Surv India85, 313-334 (1954) @No $ @ @ Nandy N. and Deo V.B.,Origin of Lonar Lake water and its Alkalinity. TISCO 144-155 (1961) @No $ @ @ Thakker C.D. and Ranade D.R.,Alkalophilic Methanosarcina isolated from Lonar Lake, Curr Sci.,82, 455-458 (2002) @No $ @ @ Nathani B., Prasad S., Ambili A.,A high resolution continental record of palaeoclimate variability over past 11.5 kyr: A multi proxy study of Lonar impact Crater Lake core, India. Geophysical Research Abstracts12:EGU2010-10645 (2010) @No $ @ @ Bhandari N.,Cosmic Hole at Lonar, Science Age, 24-26(March 1984) @No $ @ @ Malu R.A., Dhabhade D.S. and Kodarkar M.S.,Diversity of Lonar Lake, J Aquat Bio., 15, 16-18 (2002) @No $ @ @ Tambekar D.H., Pawar A.L. and Dudhane M.N.,Lonar lake water: Past and present, Nature Environ and Poll Technol.,9(2), 217-221 (2010) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>A Study on Fluoride in Drinking Water of Government Kallar Higher Secondary Schools in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India during Pre-monsoon and Post-monsoon seasons of years 2010 to 2012<#LINE#>@Amutha,Prakash@<#LINE#>29-34<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-235.pdf<#LINE#>2 V.V. Vanniaperumal College for Women, Virudhunagar, INDIA Thiagarajar College, Madurai, INDIA <#LINE#>11/11/2013<#LINE#>23rd/11/2013<#LINE#>School is a socializing institution which stimulates learning environment and positive changes.  Government Kallar Higher Secondary Schools started since 1969 for Piramalai Kallar Community People in Tamilnadu, India.  These schools are spread over three districts such as Madurai, Dindigul, and Theni.  The drinking water sources of these schools are analyzed for the Physico-Chemical parameters such as Temperature, pH, TDS, Major ions, Fluoride, BOD, COD, DO and heavy metals.  The objective of the study is to analyses the above parameters and finds the impact of Fluoride in pre and post monsoon seasons of the year 2010-12.  Multi statistical approach showed the pollution potential for Government Kallar Higher Secondary Schools.  In this study, the important Physico-Chemical parameter, Fluoride and seasonal variations of drinking water of Madurai Government Kallar Higher Secondary Schools have been reported.<#LINE#> @ @ Cao J., Zhao Y., Lin J.W., Xirao R.D. and Danzeng S.B., Environmental fluoride in Tibet, Environmental Research, 83, 333–337, (2000) @No $ @ @ Fawell J, Bailey K., Chilton J., Dahi E., Fewtrell L., Magara Y.,"Human health effects"  Fluoride in Drinking-water, World Health Organization, 29–36,(2009) @No $ @ @ Meenakshi and Maheshwari R.C., Fluoride in drinking water and its removal, Journal of  Hazard Mater, 137, 456–463, (2006) @No $ @ @ BIS, Indian Standards for drinking water – specification, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, (1991) @No $ @ @ Subba Rao N., Devdas D.J., Fluoride incidence in groundwater in an area of peninsula India, Environment Geology, 45, 243–251, (2003) @No $ @ @ Saxena V. K., and Ahmad S., Inferring the chemical parameter for the dissolution of fluoride in groundwater, Environment Geology, 25, 475–481, (2002) @No $ @ @  7.Chae G.Y., Seong T.M., Bernhard K., Kyoung-Ho K. and Seong-Yong K., Fluorine geochemistry in bedrock groundwater of South Korea, Journal of Science Total Environment, 385, 272–283, (2007) @No $ @ @ UNICEF, State of the art report on the extent of fluoride in drinking water and the resulting end emicity in India, Fluorosis Research and Rural Development Foundation for UNICEF, New Delhi, (1999) @No $ @ @ WHO, Fluoride in drinking water, World Health Organization, Geneva, (2006) @No $ @ @ Pillai K. S. and Stanley V.A., Implication of fluoride – an endless uncertainty, Journal of Environment Biology23, 81–87, (2002) @No $ @ @ A systematic review of the efficacy and safety of fluoridation, National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), Evid Based Dent9(2), 39–43,(2007) @No $ @ @ Parnell C., Whelton H., O'Mullane D., Water fluoridation. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent, 10(3), 141–148, (2009) @No $ @ @ Subin M.P. , Miji P.M. , Impact of Certain Pollution Sources on Microbiology and Physicochemical Properties of Borewell water in the Northern Part of Ernakulam District in Kerala, India,International  Research  Journal of  Environmental  Sciences,2(1), 1-8,(2013) @No $ @ @ Baselt R.C., Disposition of toxic drugs and chemicals in man. Foster City (CA), Biomedical Publications, 636–640, (2008) @No $ @ @ IPCS, Environmental health criteria 227 (Fluoride), Geneva: International Programme on Chemical Safety, World Health Organization, 100, (2002) @No $ @ @ Bradford D., Gessner, Michael Beller, John P.,Middaugh Gary M.,Acute fluoride poisoning from a public water system,New England Journal of Medicine, 330(2), 95–99, (2002) @No $ @ @ Pearce Fred, When the Rivers Run Dry: Journeys Into the Heart of the World's Water Crisis Toronto: Key Porter. 18.National Research Council, Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Scientific Review of EPA's Standards. Washington, DC, National Academies Press, (2006) @No $ @ @ 9.British Fluoridation Society, The environmental aspects of water fluoridation, (2003) @No $ @ @ 20.Felipe-Sotelo M., Andrade J.M., Carlosena A., Tauler R., Temporal characterization of river waters in Urban and Semi Urban areas using physico-chemical parameters and Chemometric methods, Elsevier Science Direct, Analytica Chimica Acta, 583, 128-137, (2007) @No $ @ @ 1.BhandariGovinda, Study on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Measures in Palpa District of Nepal, International  Research  Journal of  Environmental  Sciences, 2(3), 15-23,(2013) @No $ @ @ Das N.C., Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Selected Ground Water Samples of Ballarpur City of Chandrapur District, Maharashtra, India, International  Research  Journal of  Environmental  Sciences, 2(11), 96-100, (2013) @No $ @ @ 3.Manivannan A., Jerald M., Study of Physio-Chemical properties and microbial analysis of lakes in and around Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, International  Research  Journal of  Environmental  Sciences,2(9),68-71,(2013) @No $ @ @ 4.Mushini Venkata Subba Rao, Vaddi DhilleswaraRao and Bethapudi Samuel Anand Andrews, Assessment of Quality of Drinking Water at Srikurmam in Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh, India, International  Research  Journal of  Environmental  Sciences, 1(2), 13-20, (2012) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Studies on Photocatalytic Degradation of Azo Dye Acid Red-18 (PONCEAU 4R) using Methylene Blue Immobilized Resin Dowex-11<#LINE#>R.C.@Meena,@VermaHimakshi,Disha@<#LINE#>35-41<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-236.pdf<#LINE#> Photochemistry lab, Department of chemistry, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan-342001, INDIA<#LINE#>11/11/2013<#LINE#>21/11/2013<#LINE#>Dowex-11 an anion exchanger resin immobilized in Methylene Blue is an efficient catalyst for the activation of O at room temperature degrades dye in presence of visible light irradiation. The effect of various experimental parameters such as dye loading, catalyst loading, pH and light intensity were investigated during the process. This photo catalyst degrades 99% of the dye Acid red -18 into non toxic and biodegradable simpler molecules by degrading azo bonds in 160 minutes at pH 7.5, temperature 303K and the system follow first order kinetics, the value of rate constant k is 2.3310-2min-1     <#LINE#> @ @ Mukhlish M., Zobayer B., Huq M.M., F.K., Mazumder M.S.I., Khan Md. M.R. and Islam M.A., International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2(6), 49-53 (2013) @No $ @ @ Thoker F.A., Manderia S. and Manderia K., I. Res. J. Environmen Sci., 1(2), 41-45 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mir T.A., Manderia S. and Manderia K., I. Res. J. Environmen Sci.,1(1), 50-53 (2012) @No $ @ @ Neppolian B., Sakthivel S., Arbindoo B., Palanichamy M., Murugsen V., J. Environ. Sci., Health Part A, 36, 203-213 (2001) @No $ @ @ Ladwani K.D., Ladwani K.D., Manik V.S. and Ramteke D.S., I. Res. J. Environmen Sci., 1(3), 32-36 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mangukiya R., Bhattacharya T. and Chakraborty S., I. Res. J. Environmen Sci., 1(4), 14-23 (2012) @No $ @ @ Rodrigurer C., Dominguer A., Sanroman A., Chemosphere, 46, 82-86 (2002) @No $ @ @ Blake D.M., Bibliography of Work on the Photocatalytic Removal of Hazardous Compounds from Water and Air, National Renewal Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA, (2001) @No $ @ @ Hermann J.M., Catalysis Today, 53, 115-129 (1999) @No $ @ @ Litter M.I., Appl. Catalysis B: Environ., 23, 89-114 (1999) @No $ @ @ Fujishima A., Rao T. N. and Tryk D.A., J. Photochem. Photobio. C: Photochem. Rev.,1, 1-21 (2001) @No $ @ @ Xu Y. and  Langford C. H., Langmuir, 17, 897-902 (2001) @No $ @ @ Yang T.C.K.,Yin L.S., Guo W., Chung T.H.,Wang S.F. and Tasi S.H.Y., Adsorpt. Sci. Tech. Proc. Pac. Basin. Conf., Taiwan, 2, 683-687 (2000) @No $ @ @ Hirano K., Sujuki E., Ishikawa A., Moroi T., Shiroishi H., and  Kaneko M., j. Photochem. Photobio. A: Chem., 136, 157-161 (2000) @No $ @ @ Sokmen M. and Ozkan A., J. Photochem. Photobio. A: Chem.,147, 77-81(2002) @No $ @ @ Hachem C., Bocquillon F., Zahraa O. and Bouchy M., Dyes and Pigments, 49, 117-125 (2001) @No $ @ @ Mills A., Belghazi A.,Davies R.H., Worsley D. And Morris S., J. Photochem. Photobio. A. Chem. 79, 131-139 (1994) @No $ @ @ Vautier M., Guillard C. and Hermann M., J. Catal., 20, 46-59 (2001) @No $ @ @ Arsalan I., Balcioglu I. A. and Bahnemann D.W., Dyes and Pigments, 47, 87-93 (2000) @No $ @ @ Sakthivel S., Neppolian B., Arbindoo B., Palanichamy M. and  Murugesan V., Indian J. Eng. Mat. Sci.,7, 87-93 (2000) @No $ @ @ Zhao J., Wu T., Wu K., Oikawa K., Hidaka H. and Serpone N., Environ. Sci. Tech. 32, 2394-2400 (1998) @No $ @ @ Saquib M. and Muneer M., Advances in Colour Sci. Tech., 5, 71-78 (2002) @No $ @ @ Turchi C.S. and Oills D.F., J. Catalysis, 122, 178-185 (1990) @No $ @ @ Pachwarya R.B., Meena R.C., J. Scientific and Industrial Research 68, 730-734 (2009) @No $ @ @ Pachwarya R.B., Kumar V., Arya S., Meena R.C., Am. J. Environ. Sci., 5 (3),  444-450 (2009) @No $ @ @ Chakrabaeti S., Dutta B. K., J. Hazardous Materials B, 12,  269-278 (2004) @No $ @ @ Zamora, Chemosphere, 40, 443-440 (2000) @No $ @ @ Neppolian B., Shankar M. V., Murugesan V., J. Scientific and Industrial Research, 61,  224-230 (2002) @No $ @ @ Shapovalov V., Stefanovich E., Truong T., Surface Science, 498, 103-108 (2002) @No $ @ @ Turchi C. S., Ollis D. F., Mixed Reactent Photocatalysis: intermediate and mutual rate inhibition, J. Catal.,119, 483-496 (1989) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Biodenitrification by Fluidized Bed Biofilm Reactor<#LINE#>@BurghateS.P.,N.W.@Ingole<#LINE#>42-51<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-237.pdf<#LINE#>2 1*Department of Civil Engineering, Government Polytechnic, Amravati, INDIA Department of Civil Engineering, Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology and Research, Badnera, Amravati, INDIA <#LINE#>13/11/2013<#LINE#>20/11/2013<#LINE#>Nitrate contamination of water resources has been documented worldwide. It has become one of the major environmental issues because of its implications on human and animal health. Therefore for welfare of mankind it is necessary to remove nitrate from water resources. Biological denitrification (biodenitrification) is an attractive treatment option, among the various options available for removal of nitrate.  The FBBR (Fluidized Bed Biofilm Reactor) is one of the recent methods which can be used for denitrification. Considering the severity of the problem the present study was carried out with a aim to remove nitrate from synthetic wastewater using denitrification by FBBR. Fine glass granules were used as a biofilm carrier media which were prepared by grinding and sieving the wastage broken glass as a biofilm carrier media. In the study, the maximum average nitrate nitrogen removal efficiency observed was 90.90% at HRT of 30 minutes and optimum as 86.03% at HRT of 10 minutes. For nitrogen loading rates varying from 0.48 kg N m-3-1 to 28.80 kg N m-3-1, the denitrification rates observed were varying from 0.42 kg N m-3-1 to 16.91 kg N m-3-1. The optimum nitrate nitrogen loading rate and denitrification rate observed were 10.08 kg N m-3-1 and 8.67 kg N m-3-1 respectively. This indicates that the denitrification by FBBR has great potential for removal of nitrate. <#LINE#> @ @ NON 18-23 5 – 100 5.4 – 20.70 Jeris and Owens (1975) @No $ @ @ NON - 6.6 – 30 0.69 – 3.28 Hermanwicz and Cheng (1990) @No $ @ @ NON 30 15 – 300 3.23 – 18.70 Hirata and Meutia (1996) @No $ @ @ NON 20 20 3.5 MacDonald (1990) @No $ @ @ NON - 676 – 1500 11.8 – 17.7 Chen et al (1996) @No $ @ @ NON 23 1000 12 Rabah Fahid K. J., et al, (2004) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association             49Conclusion The results obtained by various researchers are shown in table-1. Denitrification rate obtained in this study was comparatively quite good. Thus process adopted would prove to be a best option for the removal of nitrate from the water resources. The results of the investigation, demonstrated that the trend of the removal of NO-N is quite high up to HRT of 10 minutes. An average removal rate at this HRT observed was 86.03%. This means that this technology allows the achievement of rapid and efficient denitrification at relatively low HRTs.  On the concentration basis, it was observed that for initial concentrations of NO-N upto 70 mg l-1, the NO-N removal rate was in increasing order but for higher concentrations, the trend was slightly declining. It indicates that for higher concentrations of NO-N, the process can be adopted efficiently by diluting the influents. Overall results of this study demonstrated conclusively that FBBR with fine glass granules as a biofilm carrier media can be used with great advantages for biological denitrification.  This study provides the justification for the recommendation of FBBR for biological denitrification by many researchers.  This study is carried out with the help of denitrifying microorganisms developed from the seeding of domestic wastewater. There is a future scope that same study can be carried out by using special culture of denitrifying organisms which may enhance the NO-N removal efficiency. References 1.Lucas A. De, Rodriguez L., Villasenor J. and Fernandez F. J., “Denitrification Potential of Industrial Wastewaters”, Journal of Water Research, 39, 3715-3726 (2005) @No $ @ @ 2.Killingstad Marc W., Widdowson Mark A. and Smith Richard L., Modeling Enhanced In Situ Denitrification in Groundwater, Journal of Environmental Engineering Division, ASCE, 128(6), 491-504 (2002) @No $ @ @ 3.Lee Seungmoon, Maken Sanjeev, Jang Jung-Hwa, Park Kwinam and Park Jin-Won, Development of Physicochemical Nitrogen Removal Process for High Strength Industrial Wastewater, Journal of Water Research, 40, 975-980 (2006) @No $ @ @ 4.Breisha Gaber Z. and Winter Josef, Bio-removal of Nitrogen from Wastewaters – A Review, Journal of American Science, 6(12), 508-528 (2010) @No $ @ @ 5.Magarde Vandana, Iqbal S.A. and Pani Subrata, Assessment of Water Quality of Upper Lake of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, Journal of Indian Association for Environmental Management, 36(3), 178-182 (2009) @No $ @ @ 6.Magram Saleh Faraj, Drinking Water Denitrification in a Packed Bed Anoxic Reactor : Effect of Carbon Source and Reactor Depth, Journal of Applied Sciences, 10(7), 558-563 (2010) @No $ @ @ 7.Joshi Anita and Seth Gita, Nitrite and Fluoride Contamination in Ground Water of Sambhar Lake City and Its Adjoining Area Jaipur District (Raj), India, Journal of Indian Water Works Association XXXXI(4), 255-259 (2009) @No $ @ @ 8.Joshi V.A., Vaidya S.D., Lanjewar K.Y. and Kelkar P.S., Water Quality Problems in Ground Water Sources of Yavatmal District, Maharashtra, India – A Case Study, Journal of Indian Water Works Association, XXXXI(2), 144-151 (2009) @No $ @ @ 9.Garwau Sugamadiya  D., Saygaonkar Kavita S., Garway Dattatraya G. and Pandya Girish H., Investigation of Nitrate Content in Ground and Surface Waters in Urban and Rural Areas, Journal of Indian Water Works Association, XXXXI(3), 226-236 (2009) @No $ @ @ 0.Gomez M.A., Gonzalez-Lopez J. and Hontoria-Garcia E., Influence of Carbon source on Nitrate Removal of Contaminated Groundwater in a Denitrifying Submerged Filter, Journal of Hazardous Materials, B80, 69-80 (2000) @No $ @ @ Wasik Ewa, Bohdziewicz Jolanta and Blaszczyk Mieczyslaw, Removal of Nitrates from Groundwater by a Hybrid Process of Biological Denitrification and Microfiltration Membrane, Journal of Process Biochemistry, 37,  57-64 (2001) @No $ @ @ 2.Xiao L.W., Rodgers M. and Mulqueen J., Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Removal from a Strong Wastewater using a Denitrifying Suspended Growth Reactor and a Horizontal Flow Biofilm Reactor, Journal of Bioresource Technology, 98, 739-744 (2007) @No $ @ @ 3.Srinu Naik S. and Pydi Setti Y. “Optimization of Parameters for Denitrification of Wastewater using Fluidized Bed Bioreactor by Taguchi Method”, International Journal of Biotechnology Applications,  3(3), 97-101 (2011) @No $ @ @ 14.Hibiya Kazuaki, Terada Akihiko, Tsuneda Satoshi and Hirata Akira, Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification by Controlling Vertical and Horizontal Microenvironment in a Membrane-aerated Biofilm Reactor, Journal of Biotechnology, 100, 23-32 (2003) @No $ @ @ 5.Elefsiniotis P. and Li D., The Effect of Temperature and Carbon Source on Denitrification using Volatile Fatty Acids,  Biochemical Engineering Journal, 28,  148-155 (2006) @No $ @ @ 16.Rocca Claudio Della, Belgiorno Vincenzo and Meric Sureyya, An Heterotrophic/Autotrophic Denitrification (HAD) Approach for Nitrate Removal from Drinking Water, Journal of Process Biochemistry, 41, 1022-1028 (2006) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association             5017.Rijn Jaap van, Tal Yossi and Schreier Harold J., Denitrification in Recirculating Systems : Theory and Applications, Journal of Aquacultural Engineering, 34, 364-376 (2006) @No $ @ @ 18.Sahli M. A. Menkouchi, Tahaikt M., Achary I., Taky M., Elhanouni F., Hafsi M., Elmghari M. and Elmidaoui, Technical Optimization of Nitrate Removal for Groundwater by ED using a Pilot Plant, Journal of Desalination, 189, 200-208 (2006) @No $ @ @ 19.Lee Han-Woong, Lee Soo-Youn, Lee Jin-Woo, Park JongBok, Choi Eui-So and Park Yong Keun   “Molecular Characterization of Microbial Community in Nitrate-removing Activated Sludge, Journal of Microbiology Ecology, 41, 85-84 (2002) @No $ @ @ 0.Kim Joong Kyun, Park Kyoung Joo, Cho Kyoung Sook, Nam Soo-Wan, Park Tae-Joo and Bajpai Rakesh,  Aerobic Nitrification–Denitrification by Heterotrophic BacillusStrains, Journal of Bioresearch Technology, 96, 1897-1906 (2005) @No $ @ @ 1.Ruiz G., Jeison D., Rubilar O., Ciudad G. and Chamy R., Nitrification – Denitrification via Nitrite Accumulation for Nitrogen Removal from Wastewaters, Journal of Bioresource Technology, 97, 330-335 (2006) @No $ @ @ Shao Youyuan, Li Wei, Yao Chuang, Qin Guanfeng and Szewczyk Krzysztof W., Influence of COD/N Ratios on Simultaneous Removal of C and N Compounds in Biological Wastewater Treatment in Sequencing Fed-Batch Reactor and Kinetic Analysis, Journal of hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste, ASCE, 15(1), 42-47 (2011) @No $ @ @ 3.Vidal S., Rocha C. and Galvao H., A Comparison of Organic and Inorganic Carbon Controls over Biological Denitrification in Aquaria, Journal of Chemosphere, 48, 445-451 (2002) @No $ @ @ 24.Mora F. Rodriguez, Giner G. Ferrara de, Andara A. Rodriguez and Esteban J. Lomas, Effect of Organic Carbon Shock Loading on Endogenous Denitrification in Sequential Batch Reactors, Journal of Bioresource Technology, 88, 215-219 (2003) @No $ @ @ 25.Klas Sivan, Mozes Noam and Lahav Ori, Development of a Single Sludge Denitrification Method for Nitrate Removal from RAS Effluents : Lab Scale Results vs. Model Prediction, Journal Aquaculture, 259, 342-353 (2006) @No $ @ @ 6.Contreras Edgardo Martin, Ruiz Fabricio and Bertola Nora Cristina, Kinetic Modelling of Inhibition of Ammonia Oxidation by Nitrite under Low Dissolved Oxygen Conditions, Journal of Environmental Engineering, ASCE, 134(3), 184-190 (2008) @No $ @ @ 27.Virdis Bernardino, Read Suzanne T., Rabaey Korneel, Rozendal Rene A., Yuan Zhiguo and Keller Jurg,  Biofilm Stratification during Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification (SND) at a biocathode, Journal of Bioresource Technology, 102, 334-341 (2011) @No $ @ @ 28.Wu Chang-Yong, Peng Yong-Zhen, Li Xiao-Ling and Wang Shu-Ying., Effect of Carbon Source on Biological Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal in an Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic (AO) Process, Journal of Environmental Engineering, ASCE, 136(11), 1248-1254 (2010) @No $ @ @ 29.Sage M., Daufin G. and Gesan-Guiziou G., Denitrification Potential and Rates of Complex Carbon Source from Dairy Effluents in Activated Sludge System, Journal of Water Research, 40,  2747-2755 (2006) @No $ @ @ 0.Aivasidis  A., Melidis  P. and Georgiou  D., Continious Denitrification by External Electron-donor Supply Utilizing an Algorithm-based Software Controller, Biochemical Engineering Journal, 25, 179-186 (2005) @No $ @ @ 1.Foglar Lucija, Briski Felicita, Sipos Laszlo, Vukovic Marija, High Nitrate Removal from Synthetic Wastewater with the Mixed Bacterial Culture, Journal of Bioresource Technology, 96,  879-888 (2005) @No $ @ @ 2.Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse, Fourth Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 613, 1819, (2003) @No $ @ @ Traverso Pietro G. and Cecchi Franco., Encyclopedia of Environmental Control technology – Wastewater Treatment Technology, , 295-324 (1992) @No $ @ @ 34.Barnes D. and Bliss P.J., Biological Control of Nitrogen in Wastewater Treatment, E. and F. N. Spon, USA, ISBN 0419123504, 145 (1983) @No $ @ @ 35.Heinen Marius,  Simplified Denitrification Models : Overview and Properties, Journal of Geoderma, 133, 444-463 (2006) @No $ @ @ 36.Seok Jonghyuk and Komisar Simeon J., Integrated Modelling of Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Bioreactor for Deicing Waste Treatment. II: Simulation and Experimental Studies, Journal of Environmental Engineering, ASCE, 129(2), 110-122 (2003) @No $ @ @ 7.Rabah Fahid K.J. and Dahab Mohamed F., Biofilm and Biomass Characteristics in High Performance Fluidized-Bed Biofilm Reactors, Journal of Water Research, 38, 4262-4270 (2004) @No $ @ @ 38.Chowdhury  Nabin, Zhu Jesse and Nakhla George, Effect of Dynamic Loading on Biological Nutrient Removal in a Pilot-Scale Liquid-Solid Circulating Fluidized Bed Bioreactor, Journal of Environmental Engineering, ASCE, 136(9), 906-913 (2010) @No $ @ @ 39.Mahajan S.P., Pollution Control in Process Industries, Fifteenth Edition, McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 75-76 (2002) @No $ @ @ 0.Eckenfelder  W. Wesley, Jr., Industrial Water Pollution Control, Third Edition, McGraw Hill Book Company, Singapore, 395-396 (2000) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association             5141.Ra ChangSix and Lau Anthony, Swine Wastewater Treatment Using Submerged Biofilm SBR Process: Enhancement of Performance by Internal Circulation Through Sand Filter, Journal of Environmental Engineering, ASCE, 136(6), 585-590 (2010) @No $ @ @ 2.APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Washington, DC, 21st (Centennial) Edition, (2005) @No $ @ @ 3.Rezaee Abbas, Godini Hatam, Naimi Nayara, Masombaigi Hossin, Yazdanbakhsh Ahmadreza, Mosavi Gholemreza and Kazemnejad Anoshi, High Nitrate Removal in a Packed Bed Bioreactor Using Microbial Cellulose, Research Journal of Environmental Sciences,  2(6), 424-432 (2008) @No $ @ @ 44.Komorowska-Kaufman Malgorzata, Majcherek Hanna and Klaczynski Eugeniusz, Factors affecting the Biological Nitrogen Removal from Wastewater, Journal of Process Biochemistry, 41, 1015-1021 (2006) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Adsorption Studies of Cr (VI) and Fe (II) Aqua Solutions Using Rubber Tree Leaves as an Adsorbent<#LINE#>Haq@BhatIrshadUl,@EliasNursafuraB.,Zakia@Khanam<#LINE#>52-56<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-239.pdf<#LINE#>Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Campus Jeli, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, MALAYSIA Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Campus Jeli, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, MALAYSIA <#LINE#>15/11/2013<#LINE#>28/11/2013<#LINE#>The study on adsorption capacity of metal ions Cr (VI) and Fe (II) was carried out on rubber tree leaves (RTL).  The extent of adsorption was evaluated by varying several physico-chemical parameters viz, initial concentration, contact time and pH. The variation in concentration of metal ions after adsorption was analyzed by using atomic absorption spectrophometer (AAS). The results revealed the rubber leaves are valuable adsorbent for the removal of metal ions as the experimental data was followed by Langmuir and Freudlich models.  <#LINE#> @ @ Singh R,  Gautam N, Mishra A,  Gupta R., Heavy metals and living systems: An overview, Indian  J.  Pharm., 43, 246–253 (2011) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association             562.Kadirvelu K., Thamaraiselvi K. and Namasivayam C., Removal of Heavy Metal from Industrial Wastewaters by Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Prepared from an Agricultural Solid Waste, Bioresource Tech76, 63-65 (2001) @No $ @ @ Khan N.S., Ibrahim S and Subramaniam P., Elimination of heavy metals from wastewater using agricultural wastes as adsorbents, Malaysian J Sci.,23, 43-51 (2004) @No $ @ @ Salim R, Al-Subu M, Abu Shqair I, Braik H., Removal of zinc from aqueous solution by dry plant leaves, Institution of Chemical Engineers Trans ICHEME, 81 Part B, (2003) @No $ @ @ Venkateswarlu P, Ratnam M.V, Rao D.S  and Rao M. V., Removal of chromium from an aqueous solution using Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf powder as an adsorbent, Intern J Physic Sci,,188-195 (2007) @No $ @ @ Verma T, Garg S.K and Ramteke P.W., Genetic correlation between chromium resistance and reduction in Bacillus brevis isolated from tannery effluent, J Appl Microbiol.,107, 1425–1432 (2009) @No $ @ @ Modrogan C., Miron A.R., Orbulet O.D and  Costache  C.M., Removal of Nitrate and Hexavalent Chromium from Groundwater Using Zerovalent Iron – A Laboratory Study, Bulletin UASVM Agriculture, 67(2), 80-86 (2010) @No $ @ @ Krishna D, Siva Krishna K and Padma S.R. Response Surface Modeling and Optimization of Chromium (VI) Removal from Aqueous Solution Using BorasusFlabellifer Coir Powder, International J Appl Sci and Engineering,11(2), 213-226 (2013) @No $ @ @ Ngah W.S.W, Ghani S.A and Kamari A., Adsorption behavior of Fe(II) and Fe(III) ions in aqueous solution on chitosan and cross-linked chitosan beads, Bioresource Technol, 96, 443-450 (2005) @No $ @ @ Ahalya N, Kanamadi R.D and Ramachandra T.V.. Biosorption of chromium (VI) by Tamarindus indica pod shells, Journal of Environmental Science Research International,1(2), 77-81 (2006) @No $ @ @ Tofan L, Paduraru C, Volf I and Toma O,. Waste of Rapeseed from biodiesel production as a potential biosorbent for heavy metal ions, Bioresources, 6(4), 3727-3741 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kumar A.V.A., Darwish N.A. and Hilal N., Study of various parameters in the biosorption  of heavy metals on activated sludge, World Appl Sci J., 5, 32-40 (2009) @No $ @ @ Kumar P.S and Gayathri R., Adsorption of pb2+ ions from aqueous solutions onto bael tree leaf powder: isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics study, J Eng Sci and Technol., 4, 381–399 (2009) @No $ @ @ Rose E.P. and Rajam S. Equilibrium study of the adsorption of iron (II) ions from aqueous solution oncarbons from wild jack and jambul, Adv in Appl Sci Research, 3(2), 1889-1894 (2012) @No $ @ @ Thilagavathy P and Santhi T., Sorption of Toxic Cr(VI) From Aqueous Solutions by  Using Treated Acacia nilotica Leaf as Adsorbent:  Single and Binary System, BioResources, 8(2), 1813-1830 (2013) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Preliminary biodiversity inventory of Ichtyofauna of Tsieme River, A tributary of Congo River(Pool-Malebo)<#LINE#>DBC@Olabi-Obath,I.@Mady-GomaDirat,M.@Mikia,@TsoumouA.,J.@Vouidibio<#LINE#>57-65<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-240.pdf<#LINE#>2 Research Laboratory of Animal Biology and Ecology, ENS, University Marien Ngouabi, PoB 69 Brazzaville, CONGO ²Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University Marien Ngouabi, PoB 69 Brazzaville,CONGO<#LINE#>17/11/2013<#LINE#>29/11/2013<#LINE#>The ichthyological inventory  of Tsieme River (north of Brazzaville), a tributary of the right bank of Congo River (Pool Malebo) was performed at the upper and lower reaches , from February to July 2011. Physicochemical parameters vary stations: the average water temperature is 27.6 °C, the average conductivity is 75 µS/cm and the average TDS of 37.47 ppm and the average pH is 6.7. Sampling of ichtyofauna made with the castnet in three stations, permitted to identify 1299 specimens belonging to 47 species, 29 genera, 13 families and 5 orders. The Perciformes dominates with 31 %, followed by Siluriformes (26%) and Osteoglossiformes (20 %). Cichlidae (26%) are the most represented family, followed by Cyprinidae and Mormyridae  (15%). The most representative species are: Synodontis nummifer (38%) and Tilapia sp (15%). The settlement of the station 1 seems richer and more diversified with 23 species, followed by station 3 with 21 species and the station 2 with 17 species. The comparison stands three stations show a great similarity between stations 2 and 3, station 1 is very different. The overall analysis of the results shows that the ichthyological population of Tsieme River is unbalanced (equitability = 0.59), although diversified (H ' = 2.29). <#LINE#> @ @ Levêque C. and Mounolou J. C., Biodiversité, dynamique biologique and conservation. Dunod Edition, 248 (2001) @No $ @ @ Kumar N., Study of Ichthyofaunal Biodiversity of Turkaulia Lake, East-Champaran, Bihar, India, I. Res. J. Environment Sci.,1(2), 21-24, (2012) @No $ @ @ Gohil Mahendrasinh N. and Mankodi Pradeep C., Diversity of Fish Fauna from Downstream Zone of River Mahisagar, Gujarat State, India. Res. J. Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sci., 1(3), 14-15, (2013) @No $ @ @ Mohan V.C., Sharma K.K., Sharma A. and Watts P., The Study of Ichthyofaunal Diversity of Chenani Hydroelectric Reservoir, Udhampur (J&K) India.,Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 2(6), 8-12, (2013) @No $ @ @ Pandey G., Overviews on Diversity of Fish., Res. J. Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sci., 1(3), 14-15, (2013) @No $ @ @ Teugels G.G., Guegan J. F. and Albert J.J., Biological diversity of fish fresh and brackish waters of Africa. Annales sciences zoologiques. Vol. 275; MRAC, 67- 85(1994) @No $ @ @ Levêque C. et Paugy D., Les poissons des eaux continentales. Diversité, écologie, utilisation par l’homme. Edition IRD; 564 (2006) @No $ @ @ Kumar Naik A.S., Benakappa S., Somashekara S.R., Anjaneyappa H.N., Jitendra Kumar., Mahesh V., Srinivas H. Hulkoti and Rajanna K.B., Studies on Ichthyofaunal Diversity of Karanja Reservoir, Karnataka, India., Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 2(2), 38-43, (2013) @No $ @ @ Boulenger G.A., Catalogue of the freshwater fishes of Africa British Museum (natural history), vol. I, 373 (1909) @No $ @ @ Boulenger G.A., Catalogue of the freshwater fishes of Africa British Museum (natural history), vol. II , 529(1911) @No $ @ @ Boulenger G.A., Catalogue of the freshwater fishes of Africa British Museum (natural history), vol. III, 526(1915) @No $ @ @ Boulenger G.A., Catalogue of the freshwater fishes of Africa British Museum (natural history), vol. IV 392(1916) @No $ @ @ Poll M., Les genres des poissons d’eau de l’Afrique. Annales du Musée Royal du Congo belge, Tervuren, 8 - series Sciences zoologiques, 54, 175 (1957) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association             65 14.Poll M., Revision des Characidae nains africains, MRAC Tervuren, Belgium Ann. Zool.(1967) @No $ @ @ Lévêque C., Paugy D. and Teugels G.G. Faune des Poissons d’eau douce et saumâtre d’Afrique de l’Ouest Tome1 ; Edition de l’Orstom ; 384 (1990) @No $ @ @ Stiassny M. L. J. Teugels G. and Hopkins, Poissons d’eaux douces et saumâtres de la Basse Guinée, Ouest de l’Afrique Centrale. vol. 1, Edition MRAC, 800 (2007) @No $ @ @ Shannon C. E., Weaver, W., The mathematical theory of communication, University Illinois Press, Urbana, IL, 117 1949) 18.Pielou E. C., Ecological diversity, John Wiley, New York, 165 (1975  19.Mikia M., Etude de l’ichthyofaune du cours inférieur de la Djiri, un affluent du fleuve Congo, 70 (2010) @No $ @ @ 20.Tsoumou A., Diversité et Bio-écologie de la faune ichtyenne d’un milieu naturel urbain : la rivière MFilou, Diplôme d’Etudes Approfondies, Université Marien Ngouabi 88 (2010) @No $ @ @ 21.Daget J., Kid J. P. and Thys Van Den Audenaerde D. F. E. (Eds), Cloffa 1 Check list of the freshwater fishes of Africa .Volume I ISNB Brussels MRAC Tervuren Orstom Paris 410 (1986) @No $ @ @ Daget J., kid J. P. and Thys Van Den Audenaerde D. F. E. (Eds), Cloffa 2 Check list of the freshwater fishes of Africa .Volume II ISNB Brussels MRAC Tervuren Orstom Paris  520 (1986) @No $ @ @ 3.Mady - Goma Dirat I., Mikia M., Tsoumou A., Samba G., Vouidibio J. & Pandaré D., Données preliminaries sur l’ichtyofaune de Kintélé (Pool - Malebo), Annales de l’Université Marien Ngouabi, 51 - 62 (2008) @No $ @ @ 4.Hugueny B., Biogéographie et structure des peuplements de poissons d’eau douces de l’Afrique de l’ouest : approches quantitatives. Thèse de doctorat. Edition ORSTOM, Paris, 294p (1989) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Seasonal fluctuation of Heavy Metal Pollution in Surface water<#LINE#>@T.R.Kalaivani,Dheenadayalan@M.S.<#LINE#>66-73<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-242.pdf<#LINE#> P.G and Research Department of Chemistry, GTN Arts College, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, INDIA<#LINE#>20/11/2013<#LINE#>28/11/<#LINE#>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the heavy metal status of River Cooum, Chennai, India. In Chennai city, the increase in population rate exponentially every year, demands more consumption of water and subsequently leads to the generation of enormous quality of waste water. It can be very well noticed that the waste water is being discharged directly into the rivers of Chennai city. The present study is to evaluate quality of water in River Cooum with respect to its heavy metal concentration. This was done by monitoring the levels of heavy metals in the river water and their spatial as well as temporal distribution and variability patterns were evaluated. The assessment was made taking into account the water impact of four heavy metals: Chromium (Cr), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu) and Iron (Fe). Eleven water samples were analysed for four different seasons (post monsoon, summer, premonsoon and monsoon) for the year 2011. The results shows that the heavy metal concentration in water exceeded the limits prescribed by WHO. <#LINE#> @ @ Standard Methods for Examination of water and waste water, APHA, AWWA, WPCF, U. S. A., 20th Ed. (1998) @No $ @ @ Dilek Yilmazer, Servet Yaman, “Heavy Metal Pollution and Chemical Profile of Ceyhan River”, Tr. J. of Engineering and Environmental Science, 23(1999) @No $ @ @ , 59–61 (1999) @No $ @ @ 3.Amir H. Charkhabi, Mohamad Sakizadeh and Gholamreza Rafiee, “Seasonal Fluctuation in Heavy Metal Pollution in Iran's Siahroud River, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2005.06.270 (2005) @No $ @ @ 4.Karthikeyan T.P., Sahikumar J.M. and Ramesh M., Pollution Research,  21(1), 21-23 (2002) @No $ @ @ 5.Elangovan N.S. and Dharmendirakumar M., Assessment of Groundwater Quality along the Cooum River, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Journal of Chemistry, , 651–654 (2013) @No $ @ @ 6.Yadav Janeshwar, Pathak R.K. and Khan Eliyas., Analysis of Water Quality using Physico-Chemical Parameters, Satak Reservoir in Khargone District, MP, India,  Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,2(1), 9-11, (2013) @No $ @ @ 7.Mohamed Hanipha M. and Zahir Hussain A. Study of Groundwater Quality at Dindigul Town, Tamilnadu, India , Int. Res. J. Environmen Sci.,2(1), 68-73 (2013) @No $ @ @ 8.Patil Shilpa G., Chonde Sonal G., Jadhav Aasawari S. and Raut Prakash D., Impact of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Shivaji University lakes on Phytoplankton Communities, Kolhapur, India, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(2), 56-60 (2012) @No $ @ @ 9.WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water, vol. 1, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, (1984) @No $ @ @ 0.A. Zahir Hussain and K. M. Mohamed Sheriff, Status of heavy metal concentrations in groundwater samples situated in and around on the bank of Cooum river at Chennai City, TamilNadu, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 5(3), 73-77, (2013) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association             73Agricultural Soil, I. Res. J. Environmen Sci.,1(3), 32-36 (2012) @No $ @ @ 2.P. Arockia Sahayaraj and K. Ayyadurai, Bioaccumulation of lead in milk of buffaloes from Cooum river belt in Chennai, Journal of Environmental Biology, 30(5), 651–654 (2009) @No $ @ @ 3.Garnaik Bamakanta, Panda Sunakar, Tripathy Satyabhama and Tripathy Upendra Prasad, Seasonal Variation of Nagavali River Water Quality at the Vicinity of Paper Mill near Jaykaypur, Odisha, India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,2(5), 46-52 (2013) @No $ @ @ 4.Mehta B.H. and Churi A.J., Indian journal of Pollution Control, 12(2), 153-162 (1996) @No $ @ @ 5.Audry S, Schafer J, Blanc G, et al. Fifty-year sedimentary record of heavy metal pollution (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb) in the Lot River reservoirs (France), Environmental Pollution,132,413-426 (2004) @No $ @ @ 6.EPRI CS-1513, Adsorption/Coprecipitation of Trace Elements from Water (Final Report), The  Program, USA (1980) @No $ @ @ 7.Taghinia Hejabi A., Basavarajappa H.T. and Qaid Saeed A.M., Heavy Metal Pollution in Kabini River Sediment, Int. J. Environ. Res.,4(4), 629-636 (2010) @No $ @ @ 8.Ashvin G. Godghate, Rajaram S. Sawant and Shobha D. Jadhav, An Evaluation of Physico-chemical Parameters to Assess Borewell Water Quality from Madyal and Vadgaon Villages of Kagal Tahsil, MS, India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,2(5), 95-97 (2013) @No $ @ @ 19.Swarnali Purkait, Madhumita Ganguly, Wasim Aktar, Doipayan Sengupta and Ashim Chowdhury, Environ monit Assess., 155(1-4), 443 (2009) @No $ @ @ 0.K. Thirumathal, A.A. Sivakumar, J. Chadrakantha and K.P. Suseela, J Ecobio.,14(1), 13.(2002) @No $ @ @ 1.Singh, G.N. Bala, T.R. Rathod and B. Singh, Journal of Environmental Biol.,22(1), 59 (2001) @No $ @ @  @No $
@Research Article
<#LINE#>Building Block Methodology Assisted Knowledge-Based System for Environmental-Flow Assessment of Suswa River of Dehradun Dist., India: A Reminiscent Framework<#LINE#>Bahukh@KanchanD.,@i,Ahuja@NeeluJ.<#LINE#>74-80<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-233.pdf<#LINE#>Deptt of Health, Safety and Environment, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun – 248007, UK, INDIA Deptt of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun – 248007, UK, INDIA<#LINE#>8/11/2013<#LINE#>27/11/2013<#LINE#>Water is one of the most important natural resources for life, but unfortunately is at a continual depletion, threatened by industrialization, urbanization, deforestation and modern agricultural practices. Suswa, the tributary of Song, is a historic river dotted with ancient inhabitations and villages situated on the northern boundary of the Rajaji National Park.  Increased urbanization and unplanned infrastructure have deteriorated the water quality as well as quantity of the river.  Huge quantities of untreated sewage continuously passing in it has drastically disturbed the local ecosystem, and greatly deteriorated the minimum flow.  There is a pronounced need to put in efforts towards maintaining a minimum flow of the river for sustaining biodiversity and other purposes. Thus, this makes environmental flow assessment and management to be taken up at priority. The present paper recommends and provisions the development of a building-block methodology assisted knowledge-based system for e-flow assessment and management for Suswa river of Dehradun district. The building block methodology works on the principle of drawing post-analysis recommendations from specialist groups such as hydrologists, geo-morphologists, water quality experts, sociologists, environmentalists and information technology experts. The given inputs assist the knowledge-based system in putting forward cumulative findings (assessment), recommendations drawn thereof, measures to be taken and advice, for maintenance of minimum flow with objective of maintaining quality and quantity of the river.  <#LINE#> @ @ Samkhtin V. U. and Anputhas, An assessment of Environmental Flow Requirements of Indian River Basins, Research Report No. 107, IWMI(2006) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association             79Published by WWF – UK , Godalming, Surrey, 39 pages (2009) @No $ @ @ Noss Reed F., Indicator for Monitoring Biodiversity  :  A Hierarchical Approach, US Environmental Protection Agency, Journal of Conservation Biology  (1999) @No $ @ @ Chopra Ravi,  Examining Environmental Flows Critical for River Ecosystems in India, WWF, (2012) @No $ @ @ Bartarya S.K, Hydrogeology and Water Resources of Intermontane Doon Valley, Journal of Himalayan Geology, (Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology),Vol. 6, No. 2 (1995) @No $ @ @  Chang N.B., Chen, H.W. and Ning S.K., Identification of river water quality using the Fuzzy Synthetic  Evaluation approach,. Journal of Environmental Management63, 293-305 (2001) @No $ @ @ Mikia M., Mady-Goma Dirat I., Tsoumou A., Mabanza J., Vouidibio J. and Diatewa M., Preliminary Data on the Ichtyofaun of Djiri River (Affluent of right bank of Congo River), Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,2(10),1-6 (2013) @No $ @ @  Devi Moirangthem Banita, DasTapati and Gupta Susmita,Limnological Studies of Temple Ponds in Cachar District, Assam, North East India Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,2(10), 49-57 (2013) @No $ @ @ Tailor Manthan A. and Mankodi Pradeep C., Physico-Chemical status of Danteshwar pond of Vadodara City, Gujarat India and its Environmental Implications, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,2(10), 58-62 (2013) @No $ @ @ Thorat Prerana B. and Charde Vijay N.,Physicochemical Study of Kanhan River Water Receiving Fly Ash Disposal Waste Water of Khaperkheda Thermal Power Station, India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,2(9), 10-15 (2013) @No $ @ @ Chandrakiran and Sharma Kuldeep,Assessment of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Sediments of a Lower Himalayan Lake, Mansar, INDIA Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,2(9),16-22 (2013) @No $ @ @ Abdul Ghani P.H., Knowledge Based System  for River Water Quality Management,  European Journal of Scientific Research, ISSN 1450-216 X Vol. 33 No. 1, 153-162 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sohngen B. & Yeh C.Y., Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs), http://ohioline.osu.edu/ae-fact/0007.html. Accessed on 3 April 2006 (1999) @No $ @ @ Chau K.W., Chuntian C. and Li C.W., Knowledge management system on flow and water quality modeling. Journal of Expert Systems with Applications, 22(4), 321-330 (2004) @No $ @ @ Samir Mehta (2012) @No $ @ @ Towards Restoring Flows into the Earth’s Arteries A Primer on    Environmental Flows,    Latha Anantha & Parineeta (2012) @No $ @ @ 6.Bartarya S.K, Bahukhandi K.D, Impact Assessment of Urbanization and Industrialization on surface and groundwater quality of Dehradun district of Uttarakhand, Global Journal of Engineering Design and Technology, GJET, 1(1),  (2012) @No $ @ @ 7.Bahukhandi K.D, Presented /paper on Assessment of  Water quality in Dehradun district in National Symposium on Advance in Biotechnological Research in Agri-Horticultural Crops for Sustaining Productivity, Quality Improvement and Food Security on September 14th to 16, 2011 organized by Centre of Excellence in Agricultural Biotechnology, Deptt. Of Biochemistry and  Physiology, College of Biotechnology at Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agri. & Tech., Merrut (UP) (2011) @No $ @ @ 8.Bahukhandi K.D., Siddiqui N.A., Impact assessment of Urbanization on water quality, Environmental Pollution Control Journal, 12(1), (2008) @No $ @ @ 19.Bahukhandi K.D and Bartarya S.K, Hydrochemistry of Surface and groundwater of Doon valley, Has been presented and published in proceeding volume on Fifth International Groundwater Conference (IGWCC) jointly organized by Association of Geologist and Hydrologist at Aurangabad,  Maharashtra, , 1109-1119 (2012) @No $ @ @ 0.Bahukhandi K.D. and Bartarya S.K., Hydrochemistry of Surface and Groundwater  Haridwar district, Uttarakhand,  International Conference on Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, ICBEE-BAN_012 (2011) @No $ @ @ 1.Dudeja D., Kuamr B. ,Suresh, Biyani A.K.,  Hydrochemical and water quality assessment of groundwater in Doon Valley of Outer Himalaya, Uttarakhand India, Environ Monit Assess(2011) @No $ @ @ Jain C.K., Bhatia K.K.K. and Sharma M.K., Groundwater quality evaluation in Doon valley (p.37), Dehradun, Unpublished report no. CS (AR) 10/96-97, National Institute of Hydrology , Roorkee (1997) @No $ @ @ 3.Jain C.K., Ground water quality district Dehradun, National Institute of Hydrology, Jal Vigyan Bhawan, CS(AR) 10 96-97 (2002) @No $ @ @ 4.Pauziah Hanum Abdul Ghani*,Mohd Kamil Yusoff, Latifah Abd. Manaf, Knpwledge based system for river quality management, Prpceedings of Postgraduate Qollquium Sem 2009/2010 (2010) @No $ @ @ 5.Wadeson R.A. and Rowntree K.M., Application of the hydraulic biotope concept to the classification of stream habitats,  Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management,, 143-157 (1998) @No $ @ @ 6.Wang X., Mike H., Scott D.D., Charlotte W.H. and Changming D., A river water Quality Model integrated with  a web based geographic information system, Journal of Environmental Management, 75(3), 219-228 (2005) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association             8027.Cecilio A., Joan C., Pablo R., Montserrat B., Antonia G., Sergio C., Fuzzy expert system for the detection of episodes of poor water quality through continuous measurement (2004) @No $ @ @ 8.Nasiri F., Maqsood  I., Huang G., Fuller N., Water quality index: A fuzzy river-pollution decision support expert system, Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,133(2), 95–105 (2007) @No $ @ @ 29.Sullivan T.J., Saunders M.C., Tonnessen K.A., Nash B.L. and Miller B.J., Application of a regionalized knowledge-based model for classifying the impacts of nitrogen, sulfur, and organic acids on lakewater chemistry, Knowledgebased system, 18, 55-68 (2005) @No $ @ @ 0.Mohd. Zahit A., The Application of the Artificial Neural Network Model for River Water Quality Classification with Emphasis on the Impact of Land use Activities: A case Study from several catchment in Malaysia. PhD Dissertation, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom (2005) @No $ @ @ 1.King and Therma, Comparative Evaluation of Environmental Flow Assessment Techniques: Review of Holistic Methodologies, Environment Autralia, (1994) @No $ @ @  @No $
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Role of Algae in Commercial Environment<#LINE#>@SivakumarR.,S.@Rajendran<#LINE#>81-83<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-027.pdf<#LINE#>2 Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641 046, INDIA PG and Research Department of Chemistry, GTN Arts College, Dindigul-624 005, INDIA <#LINE#>5/2/2013<#LINE#>16/11/2013<#LINE#>There is an urgent need for new sustainable resources to produce food for a growing population and feed for fish and live stock and biofuel for replacing fossil fuels.  In order to meet the above demand algae is the best suited supplement to increase human needs.  The answer to all three issues food, freshwater and energy lies in large scale production of micro-algae. In 2008 the world’s population was 6.8 billion and the United Nations predict that by 2030 the population will be estimated as 8.2 billion. This presents humankind with a set of unprecedented challenges regarding food and feed production, but also concerning safe drinking water and affordable energy sources. This has to be achieved independently of the use of freshwater and with sustainable energy sources. The main objective of this research is described to determine the direct feasibility of producing various   products   from algae which will also grow on wastewater for simultaneous energy production and reduce chemical impurities. Hence, the next green revolution will be based on the industrial production of micro-algae. <#LINE#> @ @ Anders S. Carlsson, Micro-and Macro-Algae:  Utility For Industrial Applications, Outputs from the EPOBIO project  September (2007) @No $ @ @ Ansari Anjum (2012) @No $ @ @ Biomass: Energy and Environmental Concerns in Developing Country, International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 1(1), 54-57, August (2012) @No $ @ @ , 1(2), 41-45, September (2012) @No $ @ @ 3.G. Durai, Biological Treatment of Tannery Wastewater - A Review-Science alert (2011) @No $ @ @ 4.Mondal N.C., Need of Groundwater Management in Tannery Belt: A Scenario about Dindigul Town, Tamil Nadu, Journal of Geological Society of India, 76, 303-309 (2010) @No $ @ @ 5.Liang Wang, Cultivation of Green Algae Chlorella sp. in Different Wastewaters from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant, Appl Biochem Biotechnol DOI 10.1007/s12010-009-8866-7 (2010) @No $ @ @ 6.Hanumantha Rao P., Application of phycoremediation technology in the treatment of wastewater from a leather-processing chemical manufacturing facility, Water SA (Online) vol.37 no.1 Pretoria Jan. (2011) @No $ @ @ 7.Rekha V., culture and biofuel production efficiency of marine microalgae chlorelella marina, Indian journal of geomarince sciences, 41(2), 152 -158 (2012) @No $ @ @ 8.S. Chaudhari Yogesh, Bhavana Pathak and Fulekar M.H., PHA - Production Application and its Bioremediation in Environment, I Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 1(2), 46-52, September (2012) @No $ @ @ 9.S.R. Murali, Bioremediation of chloride from Tannery Effluent (Senkulam Lake in the Dindigul Batlagundu highway) with Halobacterium species and Bacteria isolated from  Tannery Effluent, International Journal of Environmental Biology, 2(1), 23-30 (2012) @No $ @ @ 0.Seema Tiwari1 and Tripathi I.P, Lead Pollution -An Overview, International Research Journal of Environment Sciences,1(4), 84-86, December (2012) @No $ @ @ Thoker Farook Ahmed, Manderia Sushil1 and Manderia Krishna, Impact of Dye Industrial Effluent on Physicochemical Characteristics of Kshipra River, Ujjain City, India, International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 1(2), 41-45, (2012) @No $ @ @ 2.V. Kannan, Bioremediation of chromium in tannery effluent by filamentous  Cyanobacteria Anabaena flos-aquae West, International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2(4), (2012) @No $ @ @  @No $
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>A Review of Plastic Waste Management Strategies<#LINE#>@JaveriyaSiddiqui,P@Govind,ey@<#LINE#>84-88<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-247.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Civil Engineering, M.M.M. Engineering College, Gorakhpur-273010, UP, INDIA<#LINE#>2nd/12/2013<#LINE#>10/12/2013<#LINE#>Plastics have been used widely in both water and food packaging due to their natural properties such as inertness and low bulk densities, which make them suitable mover materials and little risk to contaminants. Plastic bottles and sachets have become prevalent all over the country, particularly, urban areas. The packaging revolt has not been backed by proper plastic waste management policy, which has left a lot of cities in India littered with plastic wastes, hence, creating horrible visual troubles and other community health problems. Growing environmental awareness and reduction in available landfill capacity have prompted plastic recycling programmes in most developed countries. Currently, however only between 5 to 25% of plastic waste is being recycled. The paper discusses prospects of plastic waste management schemes. It is concluded that the existing rate of environmental worsening is likely to continue unless long term remedial measures are adopted for plastic wastes management in the country. <#LINE#> @ @ Oehlmann J. et al., A critical analysis of the biological impacts of plasticizers on wildlife, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 364, 2047–2062. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0242) (2009) @No $ @ @ DEFRA 2007 Waste strategy factsheets. See http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/waste/strategy/factsheets/land- lltax.htm (26 November 2008) (2008) @No $ @ @ Gilpin R., Wagel D. and Solch J., Production, distribution, and fate of polycholorinateddibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and related organohalogens in the environment. In Dioxins and health (eds A. Schecter & T. Gasiewicz), 2ndedn. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc. (2003) @No $ @ @ Amjad Khan, Gangadhar, Murali Mohan and VinayRaykar, Effective Utilisation of Waste Plastics in Asphalting of Roads, Project Report prepared under the guidance of R. Suresh and H. Kumar, Dept. of Chemical Engg., R.V. College of Engineering, Bangalore (1999) @No $ @ @ Siddiqui Javeriya, A Case Study on Solid Waste Management in Mysore City, M. Tech. (Environmental Engineering) Dissertation, Department of Civil Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya Engineering College, Gorakhpur (U. P.). (2013) @No $ @ @  @No $
@Case Study
<#LINE#>Dynamic Patterns and Socioeconomic Driving forces of land use and land cover change in Humid Tropical Watersheds: A Case Study of Batang Merao watershed, Indonesia<#LINE#>@RachmadFirdaus,Nakagoshi@Nobukazu<#LINE#>89-96<#LINE#>15.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-241.pdf<#LINE#>  Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University 1-5-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, JAPAN <#LINE#>18/11/2013<#LINE#>26/11/<#LINE#>Batang Merao watershed, a representative of the little known land change in humid tropical regions in Indonesia, is one of the key regions of this land use and land cover (LULC) research and has essential functions in maintaining the conservation function of the Kerinci Seblat National Parks and the socioeconomic function of Jambi Province, Indonesia. The implementation of regional autonomy started in Indonesia in 2000, and as the consequence, land has rapidly changed. This research aimed to investigate dynamic patterns and socioeconomic driving forces of LULC, and population pressure from 2006 to 2011. The dynamic patterns were investigated with GIS and Remote Sensing techniques while the socioeconomic driving forces were analyzed with multiple regressions, and the population pressure was quantified with Population Pressure Index (PPI) method. The results indicated that the dynamics of LULC showed an increase in agricultural area (mix plantation and agri-land) from 49.25% in 2006 to 56.71% in 2011, with primarily at the detriment of forest area. On the contrary, forest area decreased from 24.20% in 2006 to 18.13% in 2011 respectively. Annual rate of LULC change clearly showed the dynamics of different LULC classes over the study periods. The proximate socioeconomic driving factors significantly involved in the dynamic of LULC change were population growth/pressure, number of farmers, GDRP agriculture, GDRP total, and Human Development Index (HDI). 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