International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

A systematic review of the effects of breastfeeding and formula feeding on cognitive development among infants and children

Author Affiliations

  • 1Columbia University, New York, 10018, USA

Res. J. Recent Sci., Volume 8, Issue (2), Pages 60-64, April,2 (2019)

Abstract

Breast milk and formula feed are both available for babies; however, breast milk is more nutritious than formula. The properties of various types of feeding on the intellectual development of toddlers, infants and older children have been assessed, but the results indicate the two might not be different. Thus, this systematic review assessed the relationship between cognitive development and breastfeeding or formula feeding among children/infants. Were viewed nine studies obtained from electronic databases, including Google Scholar, EBSCOHOST, Pub Med, and Medline, to determine which method of feeding was best for children. One review found that most studies used retrospective, longitudinal, and prospective cohorts, and the prospective cohort experiment results lacked precise conclusions. Most studies divided children into groups based on their breastfeeding regimes and examined cognitive skills at various ages. Nearly all studies showed either a positive or no correlation between cognitive development and breastfeeding. Although most studies drew no clear conclusions, the findings suggested that breast milk is better than formula for cognitive development. Moreover, longer duration of breastfeeding, particularly>2 months, promote cognitive development. Healthcare practitioners can use these findings to educate mothers about the importance and minimum duration of breastfeeding to enhance cognitive development in children.

References

  1. Noble L.M. (2013)., Breastfeeding and Cognitive Development., AAP Grand Rounds, 29(6), 64-64. doi:10.1542/gr.29-6-64
  2. Walfisch A., Sermer C., Cressman A. and Koren G. (2013)., Breast milk and cognitive development-the role of confounders: a systematic review., BMJ Open., 3(8), 1-31. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003259
  3. Horta B.L., Loret de Mola C. and Victora C.G. (2015)., Breastfeeding and intelligence: a systematic review and meta‐analysis., Acta Paediatrica, 104(467), 14-19. doi:10.1111/apa.13139
  4. Grace T., Oddy W., Bulsara M. and Hands B. (2017)., Breastfeeding and motor development: A longitudinal cohort study., Human Movement Science, 51, 9-16. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2016.10.001
  5. Prado E.L. and Dewey K.G. (2014)., Nutrition and brain development in early life., Nutr Rev., 72(4), 267-284. doi: 10.1111/nure.12102
  6. Gaber-Rizk T.M. (2014)., Breast Milk versus Formula Milk and Neuropsychological Development and Sleep., J Pediatr Neonatal Care., 1(1), 4-5. doi:10.15406/jpnc.2014.01.00005
  7. Neumann M.A., Simmer K. and Gibson R.A. (2000)., A critical appraisal of the role of dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on neural indices of term infants: a randomized, controlled trial., Pediatrics, 105(1), 32-38.
  8. Fergusson D.M., Beautrais A.L. and Silva P.A. (1982)., Breast-feeding and cognitive development in the first seven years of life., Social science & medicine, 16(19), 1705-1708. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(82)90096-X
  9. Bernard J.Y., De Agostini M., Forhan A., Alfaiate T., Bonet M., Champion V. and EDEN Mother-Child Cohort Study Group. (2013)., Breastfeeding duration and cognitive development at 2 and 3 years of age in the EDEN mother-child Cohort., J Pediatr., 163(1), 36-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.11.090
  10. Widenhorn-Müller K., Schwanda S., Scholz E., Spitzer M. and Bode H. (2014)., Effect of supplementation with long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on behavior and cognition in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A randomized placebo-controlled intervention trial., Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 91(1-2), 49-60. doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.04.004
  11. Veena S.R., Krishnaveni G.V., Srinivasan K., Wills A.K., Hill J.C., Kurpad A.V., Muthayya S., Karat S.C., Nalinakshi M. and Fall C.H. (2010)., Infant feeding practice and childhood cognitive performance in South India., Arch Dis Child., 95(5), 347-354. doi:10.1136/abc.2009.165159
  12. Jolly K., Ingram L., Khan K.S., Deeks J.J., Freemantle N. and Mac Arthur C. (2012)., Systematic review of peer support for breastfeeding continuation: metaregression analysis of the effect of setting, intensity, and timing., BMJ., 344, 1-18. d8287.doi:10.1136/bmj.d8287
  13. Clark K.M., Castillo M., Calatroni A., Walter T., Cayazzo M., Pino P. and Lozoff B. (2006)., Breast-feeding and mental and motor development at 5½ years., Ambulatory Pediatrics, 6(2), 65-71. doi:10.1016/j.ambp2005.11.003
  14. Friel J. (2012)., Human milk fortification and formula feeding and cognitive development in the premature infant., Free Radic Biol Med., 53(S2), S83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.10.335
  15. Broman Sarah, Nichols Paul and Kennedy Wallace (2017)., Preschool IQ: prenatal and early developmental correlates., Routledge, New York, NY, ISBN:978-0-415-78443-6
  16. Bahrami L.S., Hezaveh Z.S., Tanha K. and Vafa M.R. (2018)., The relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and mental concentration in first and second grade primary school children of Mashhad., Journal of Nutrition and Food Security, 3(2), 65-69.
  17. Furman L. (2017)., Breastfeeding: what do we know, and where do we go from here? Pediatrics., 139(4), e20170150. doi:10.1542/peds.2017-0150
  18. Young B.E. (2017)., Formula feeding exposure not homogenous., Pediatrics, 140(3), e20171918. doi:10.1542/peds.2017-1918
  19. Boutwell B.B., Young J.T. and Meldrum R.C. (2018)., On the positive relationship between breastfeeding & intelligence., Dev Psychol., 54(8), 1426-1433. doi:10.1037/dev0000537
  20. Silva S.D., Flôres F.S., Corrêa S.L., Cordovil R. and Copetti F. (2017)., Mother's perception of children's motor development in southern Brazil., Perceptual and Motor Skills, 124(1), 72-85. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0031512516676203