International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Simultaneous TG-DTA Study of Cellulose Ethers in Flame Retardant Formulations

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University College, Trivandrum, Kerala - 695034, India

Res. J. Recent Sci., Volume 5, Issue (7), Pages 11-19, July,2 (2016)

Abstract

Cellulose ethers have very good compatibility and solubility characteristics and are useful for research communityand industry. The present investigation purports the application of proven flame retardant formulations on cellulose ethers such as methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. Binary formulations of cellulose ethers with inorganic additives likezinc(II) chloride, cadmium (II) bromide, boric acid, borax, diammonium hydrogenphosphate, sodium dihydrogenphosphate and ammonium nickel (II) sulphate were prepared. The simultaneous TG, DTG, and DTA curves were recorded in dynamic air. The phenomenological and kinetic aspects of thermal decomposition are studied in detail. The thermal behavior of binary systems is explained based on increased char and decreased volatile formation. Cellulose ethers show two-stage decomposition and the DTG peaks can be shifted using appropriate additives. To assess the thermal characteristics in a quantitative manner, the kinetic parameters such as order parameter, energy of activation, pre-exponential factor and entropy of activation for the decomposition stages have been determined using Coats-Redfern equation. The mechanism of thermal decomposition stages has also been elucidated, and most of the reactions follow random nucleation with one nucleus on each particle.

References

  1. Cathleen Baker (1982)., Methylcellulose & Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose: Uses in Paper Conservation., The Book and Paper Group Annual, 1.
  2. Xin-Gui Li, Mei-Rong Huang and He Bai (1999)., Thermal decomposition of cellulose ethers., Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 73, 2927-2936.
  3. Coats A.W. and Redfern (1964)., Kinetic parameters from thermogravimetric data., 201, 68-69
  4. Satava V. (1971)., Mechanism and kinetics from non-isothermal TG traces., Thermochim. Acta., 2, 423-428.
  5. Brown A.L., Dayton D.C. and Daily J.W. (2001)., A study of cellulose pyrolysis chemistry and global kinetics at high heating rates., Energy & Fuels., 15, 1286-1294.
  6. Browne F. L. (1958)., Theories of the combustion of wood and its control., , U.S Forest Products Laboratory Report, No. 2136., Madison., Wisconsin.