The Function of Guns in Islamic Cities with Emphasis on Cities of Iran's Civilization
Author Affiliations
- 1Member of Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, IRAN
- 2Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University of Qazvin, IRAN
Res. J. Recent Sci., Volume 4, Issue (7), Pages 79-86, July,2 (2015)
Abstract
Islamic cities in the Middle-east have special features in terms of their structure, some of which are related to the pre-historic periods and some others have been formed in the special features of their period according to the problems and situations such as the effect of insecurity on city atmosphere and religious, cultural factors and geographical features. One of the most urbane elements in Middle-east cities is gates, which have had various functions during the history. The gates are so essential for the cities that during the history rarely can we find any city without a gate. The methodology of the present research is descriptive-analytic. The data were collected were collected based on the study of historic documents.
References
- Abu-Lughod J., The Islamic City, Historic Myth, Islamic Essence, and Contemporary Relevance, International Journal of Middle East Studies,19(2), (1987)
- Tavassoli M., Principles and Methods of Urban Design and Residential Space in Iran, Tehran Center for Architecture and Urban Studies, (1997)
- Smith P., The Syntax of Cities, Hutchinson, London (1977)
- Elster J. and Karl M., A Reader, New York, Cambridge University Press, (1986)
- Said E., Orientalism, New York, Penguin Publishing,(1978)
- Huff T. and Schluchter E., Wolfgang Max Weber and Islam, New Jersey, Transaction Publishers, (1999)
- Bendix R., Max Weber: An Intellectual Portrait, California, University of California Press, (1977)
- Eickelman D., The Middle East An Anthropological Approach, Prentic Hall Inc, New Jersey, (1981)
- Lapidus I.M., Muslim Cities in the Later Middle Ages, New York, Cambridge University Press, (1984)
- Taheri F.H., Urben Elements of Traditional Islamic Cities, Thesis Supervisor: Horcio Caminos, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dep. of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, (1980)
- Robinson F., The Cambridge Illustrated History of the Islamic World, New York, Cambridge University Press, (1996)
- Habibi M., from City to City, Tehran, university of Tehran Publication, (2005)
- Shole M., Old Guns in Collective Memory of Contemporary City, Fine Arts, 27,(2006)
- Fatemi N. and etal., Historical City in the Islamic Territories, Tehran, Chartagh, (2012)
- Petruccioli A., Bokhara and Samarkand,in Saima Khadra Jayyusi, and etal, The City in Islamic World, Leiden,Brill NV Publishing, (2008)
- Alemi M., The City of Garden and Poets in in Saima Khadra Jayyusi, and etal, The City in Islamic World, Leiden, Brill NV Publishing, (2008)
