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A brief Review on Plant Type III Polyketide Synthases, an Important Group of Enzyme of Secondary Metabolism

Author Affiliations

  • 1Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Lower Saxony,GERMANY

Res. J. Recent Sci., Volume 4, Issue (10), Pages 138-147, October,2 (2015)

Abstract

From the ancient time, plants have been used for the treatment of several different types of human health disorders. The main bioactive compounds which exert pharmacological effect are derived from secondary plant metabolism. Several different groups of secondary metabolic compounds with different chemical structure and pharmacological properties are produced in plants. Among such different groups of secondary metabolic compounds, the compounds produced by simple modification of the basic chalcone or stilbene backbone have drawn interest of researcher working in this field. The enzyme(s) responsible for the formation of such chalcone or stilbene backbone structures are collectively known as type III polyketide synthase. These chalcone or stilbene backbone structures are further modified in enzymatic process within the plant cell and thus acts as the precursor substrate(s) in the biosynthesis of an array of compounds with significant pharmacological properties. The existence of enzyme(s) within this group producing functionally diversified products with immense pharmacological properties made them a good candidate for studying in molecular level. Research involving protein engineering approach to modify the enzyme architecture through modification in gene level for altering the substrate specificity, number of condensation reaction and cyclization of the intermediate product to alter the compound structure are getting priorities. A brief overview of this group of enzyme, their evolutionary significance, state of research in molecular level and recent interesting findings are presented here.

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