International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Evaluation of physiochemical properties of crude oil and its impact on water quality

    , ,

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Industrial Chemistry, Michael and Cecilia Ibru University, Delta State, Nigeria
  • 2Department of Biochemistry, Michael and Cecilia Ibru University, Delta State, Nigeria
  • 3Department of Petroleum Analysis Laboratory, Petroleum Training Institute, Effurun

Res.J.chem.sci., Volume 8, Issue (7), Pages 9-14, July,18 (2018)

Abstract

The Nigerian economy has improved overtime due to the prevailing role of Crude oil generation, but its spillage poses a big threat to agriculture and human health in all oil producing regions potentially causing damage to the structure and function of the ecosystem. In this investigation, the physiochemical properties of unrefined petroleum and its conductivity as its impacts on water quality was investigated. Series of tests performed using methods of American Standard for Testing Material (ASTM) to assess the various physiochemical properties of crude oil. Results from this finding reveal that at higher temperature, there is a corresponding increase in the API value across all the samples ranging from 30.70 to 43.70. All crude oil samples analyzed, showed API values greater than 31 with exception of sample C at 15°C. The results also reveals ranges for the moisture content, freezing point, pour point, Flash point and Specific Gravity as 0.12% to 0.21%, -41.3°C to -37.5°C, -10°C to -7°C, +42°C to +55°C and 0.8364 to 0.9321 respectively. The change in Conductivity values, which varies with different degrees of crude oil contamination, reveals that as the percentage of contamination increases, the conductivity value decreases. This study is appropriately timed as the need to carefully clean crude oil contamination in oil producing areas has been on the increase; thus such research geared towards remediation of such oil contaminated environment should be encouraged towards developing a sustainable environment.

References

  1. Ite A.E., Ibok U.J., Ite M.U. and Petters S.W. (2013)., Petroleum exploration and production: past and present environmental issues in the Nigeria's Niger Delta., American Journal of Environmental Protection, 1(4), 78-90. DOI: 10.12691/env-1-4-2.
  2. Chete L.N., Adeoti J.O., Adeyinka F.M. and Ogundele O. (2012)., Industrial development and growth in Nigeria: Lessons and challenges., Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER), Ibadan LEARNING TO COMPETE; WORK PAPER 8.
  3. Kadafa A.A. (2012)., Environmental Impacts of Oil Exploration and Exploitation in the Niger Delta of Nigeria., Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Environment & Earth Sciences, 12(3), 19-28. Version 1.0 Year. Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-4626.
  4. Sephton M.A. and Hazen R.M. (2013)., On the origins of deep hydrocarbons., Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 75(1), 449-465. DOI: 10.2138/rmg.75.14.
  5. Aislabie J.M., Balks M.R., Foght J.M. and Waterhouse E.J. (2004)., Hydrocarbon spills on Antarctic soils: Effects and management., Environmental Science & Technology, 38(5), 1265-1274. doi: 10.1021/es030514.
  6. Arocena J.M. and Rutherford P.M. (2005)., Properties of hydrocarbon- and salt-contaminated flare pit soils in northeastern British Columbia (Canada)., Chemosphere, 60(4), 567-575. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.12.077.
  7. Abdel-Moghny T., Mohamed R.S., El-Sayed E., Mohammed Aly S. and Snousy M.G. (2012)., Effect of soil texture on remediation of hydrocarbons-contaminated soil at El-Minia district, Upper Egypt., ISRN Chemical Engineering, 13, Article ID 406598. doi:10.5402/ 2012/406598.
  8. Speight J.G. (1997)., Analytical methods and techniques applied to crude oil and petroleum products., 2476 Overland Road, Laramie, WY 82070-4808, USA.
  9. Liu Y. and Kujawinski E.B. (2015)., Chemical Composition and Potential Environmental Impacts of Water-Soluble Polar Crude Oil Components Inferred from ESI FT-ICR MS., PLoS ONE, 10(9), e0136376. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136376.
  10. Hamman C.W. (2010)., Energy for Plastic., Submitted as coursework for Physics 240, Stanford University.
  11. Wang Y., Feng J., Lin Q., Lyu X., Wang X. and Wang G. (2013)., Effects of crude oil contamination on soil physical and chemical properties in Momoge wetland of China., Chinese geographical science, 23(6), 708-715. doi.org/10.1007/s11769-013-0641-6.
  12. Benka-Coker M.O. and Ekundayo J.A. (1995)., Effects of an oil spill on soil physico-chemical properties of a spill site in the Niger delta area of Nigeria., Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 36(2), 93-104. doi: 10.1007/BF00546783.
  13. Bennett P.C., Siegel D.E., Baedecker M.J. and Hult M.F. (1993)., Crude oil in a shallow sand and gravel aquifer-I. Hydrogeology and inorganic geochemistry., Applied Geochemistry, 8(6), 529-549. doi: 10.1016/0883-2927(93) 90012-6.
  14. Edema N. (2012)., Effects of crude oil contaminated water on the environment., In Crude Oil Emulsions-Composition Stability and Characterization, InTech., ISBN: 978-953-51-0220-5. DOI: 10.5772/36105.
  15. Ryder A.G. (2002)., Quantitative Analysis of Crude Oils by Fluorescence Lifetime and Steady State Measurements using 380-nm Excitation., Appl. Spectrosc., 56, 107-116.
  16. Santos R.G., Loh W., Bannwart A.C. and Trevisan O.V. (2014)., An overview of heavy oil properties and its recovery and transportation methods., Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 31(3), 571-590. dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-6632.20140313s00001853.
  17. Mohamed S.A., Bashir D.M. and Rabah A.A. (2014)., Simulation and Characterization in the refining industry: A Review., Journal of petroleum Technology and Alternative Fuels, 5(3), 26-30. Doi: 10.5897/JPTAF2014.0109.
  18. George A.K., Singh R.N. and Arafin S. (2013)., Equation of State of Crude Oil Samples., J Pet Environ Biotechnol, 4, 162. doi:10.4172/2157-7463.1000162.
  19. ASTM A. (2007)., Annual book of standards., ASTM International, 100, 19428-2959.
  20. Abdulkareem A.S. and Kovo A.S. (2006)., Simulation of the viscosity of different Nigerian crude oil., Leonardo Journal of Sciences, 8(January-June), 7-12.
  21. Onojake M.C., Osuji L.C. and Oforka N.C. (2013)., Preliminary hydrocarbon analysis of crude oils from Umutu/Bomu fields, south west Niger Delta Nigeria., Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 22(2), 217-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2013.06.001.
  22. Dionne S., Guertsman V. and Donati L. (2013)., Analysis of Crude Oil Samples Montreal, Maine & Atlantic Railway, Train MMA-002., Transportation Safety Board of Canada, 23.
  23. Been J., Place T.D., Crozier B., Mosher M., Ignacz T., Soderberg J., Cathrea C., Holm M. and Archibald D. (2011)., Development of a Test Protocol for the Evaluation of Underdeposit Corrosion Inhibitors in Large Diameter Crude Oil Pipelines., NACE International, Corrosion. Paper No. 11263.
  24. Been J., Place T.D. and Holm M. (2010)., Evaluating corrosion and inhibition under sludge deposits in large diameter crude oil pipelines., Paper 10143 presented at the NACE CORROSION conference, NACE International, Houston, TX, USA.
  25. Aminu J.A.K., Yeung H. and Lao L. (2015)., Study on the Behaviours of Settled Heavier Phase in Two Phase Flows in Pipelines., SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. 28-30 September, Houston Texas, USA. https://doi.org/10.2118/175117-MS .
  26. Groysman A. (2017)., Corrosion Problems and Solutions in Oil Refining and Petrochemical Industry., Topics in Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality. Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 32, 37-99. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45256-2_4.
  27. Rahmanian N., Ali S.H.B., Homayoonfard M., Ali N.J., Rehan M., Sadef Y. and Nizami A.S. (2015)., Analysis of physiochemical parameters to evaluate the drinking water quality in the State of Perak, Malaysia., Journal of Chemistry, 2015. Article ID 716125, 10. doi:10.1155/2015/716125.
  28. APHA (1992)., Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater., 18th ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
  29. Nigeria Federal Environmental Protection Agency (1991)., Guidelines and standards for environmental pollution control in Nigeria., Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA), Environmental policy-238.
  30. WHO (2010)., Guideline for Drinking Water Quality., 3rd Edition, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.