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Biofabrication of cobalt Nanoparticles using leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata and their potential antibacterial application

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Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267 Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
  • 2Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267 Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria

Res.J.chem.sci., Volume 8, Issue (1), Pages 11-17, January,18 (2018)

Abstract

Cobalt nanoparticles are gradually gaining wider applications due to their catalytic, magnetic, optical, antibacterial and biomedical properties, leading to more research on them as well as the desire to synthesize them by adopting an eco-friendly method. Here, cobalt nanoparticles were synthesized using leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata and were characterized using Ultraviolet-visible Spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) methods. The formation of cobalt nanoparticles was first confirmed based on a change in colour of the reaction mixture at room temperature from light brown to dark brown within 15 min. Maximum absorption peak shown at 308.00 nm in the UV-visible spectrum was due to surface Plasmon absorption of cobalt nanoparticles. The FT-IR spectrum of C. odorata leaf extract showed prominent peaks at 3280.1 (O-H stretch), 2920.0 (C-H stretch), 1625.1 (C=C stretch), 1379.1 (C-H stretch), 1222.6 (C-O-C stretch) and 1021.3 cm-1 (C-O-C stretch). However, the spectrum of the cobalt nanoparticles showed the absence of absorptions at 3280.1, 2920.0, 1379.1 and 1222.6 cm-1, meaning that these missing functional groups were involved in the bio-reduction of cobalt ions to cobalt nanoparticles. The morphology of the nanoparticles from SEM analysis indicated irregular, cubic and hexagonal shapes of various sizes that were agglomerated. XRD analysis showed the particles to be crystalline and the average crystallite size was found to be in the range of 20-49 nm. The cobalt nanoparticles inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogene. The cobalt nanoparticles biofabricated from the leaf extract of C. odorata could be used in the treatment of diseases and infections caused by these pathogens.

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