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Physical characteristics, Chemical composition and Distribution of constituents of the Neem seeds (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) collected in Senegal

Author Affiliations

  • 1Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle (LCA), ENSIACET, INP Toulouse, 4 Allée Emile Monso - BP 44362 -31030 Toulouse Cedex 4, FRANCE
  • 2 Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et des Procédés Membranaires (LEPM), Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, BP 5085 Dakar-fann, SENEGAL

Res.J.chem.sci., Volume 5, Issue (7), Pages 52-58, July,18 (2015)

Abstract

Neem seeds (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) collected in southwest Senegal were characterized. The physical characterization revealed an average seed weight of 0.28 g with 50.89% of kernel and 49.11% of hull. These seeds contain 29.27±0.06% of lipids, 12.10±0.32% of proteins and 43.98±2.67% of parietal constituents (celluloses, hemicelluloses and lignins) with 30.33±1.12% of cellulose containing 68.96% of fibers. The study of the constituent(s) distribution showed that 96.82% of the lipids and 92.20% of the proteins are localized in the kernel, while 92.22% of the parietal constituents are localized in the hull. The azadirachtin is localized in the kernel (99.35%). Neem seeds also contain 14.99±0.37% of hydrosoluble, 0.11±0.05% of polyphenols and 0.76‰ of essential oil. The composition of the proteins revealed 17 amino acids with the predominant compound being glutamic acid (23.65%). The oil fatty acids are oleic acid (41.91±0.69%), linoleic acid (19.59±0.44%), stearic acid (18.71±0.46%) and palmitic acid (15.59 ± 0.27%). The oil is predominantly composed of unsaturated fatty acids (63% in the fatty acids composition). The oil is mainly composed of triglycerides (97.69%). These are mostly made up of SOL (52.93%) and POL (36.61%). The sterols being present at 2.04 g.kg-1 in the oil are mainly composed of -sitosterol, which represents 61.08% of the total sterols. The total tocopherol content is 33.87 mg. 100g-1 and the tocopherol is the major compound with 68.69% of total tocopherols.

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