International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Polypyrrole Nanonetwork Embedded in Polyvinyl Alcohol as Ammonia Gas Sensor

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Physics, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, INDIA

Res.J.chem.sci., Volume 5, Issue (5), Pages 61-68, May,18 (2015)

Abstract

Polypyrrole (PPy) is known for its wide variation of electrical property through doping (oxidation) and dedoping (reduction). This has been efficiently utilized for fabrication of gas sensors. PPy in its nano form is known to enhance this property even further. In this article we have presented ammonia sensing by PPy nano networks developed in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film. Prior to the gas sensing study, the composite films are characterized by FESEM, XRD, FTIR and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. These confirm formation of network, evidence of presence of PPy and PPy-PVA cross linking and moderately high in-plane electrical conductivity with ohmic nature of I-V. Ammonia sensing using this template as chemiresistor shows appreciable change in sensitivity in moderately low response time with fair reversibility.

References

  1. Shirakawa H, Louis EJ, MacDiarmid Alan G, Chiang Chwan and Heeger Alan J.,Synthesis of electrically conducting organic polymers: halogen derivatives of polyacetylene, (CH) x J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 578-580 (1977)
  2. Kaynak A., Aging studies on conducting polypyrrole,Fibers and Polymers, 171-177 (2001)
  3. Skotheim T.A., Reynolds J:’Recent advances in polypyrrole’, Handbook of conducting polymers 3rdedition, CRC Press,2, 8-2(2007)
  4. Lee S.H, Lee D.H, Lee K.H and Lee C.W., High-Performance Polyaniline Prepared via Polymerization in a Self-Stablized Dispersion’, Advance Functional Material,15, 1495 (2005)
  5. Shen Y and Wan M., Soluble conductive polypyrrole synthesized by in situ doping with -naphthalene sulphonic acid’, Journal of Polymer Science, 35, 3689 (1997)
  6. Narkis M., Haba Y, Segal E , Zilberman M., Titelman G.I. and Siegmann A, Structured electrically conductive polyaniline/polymer blends (pages 665–673)’, Polymer Advance Technology, 11, 665 (2000)
  7. Deligoz H. and Tieke B., Conducting Composites of Polyurethane Resin and Polypyrrole: Solvent-Free Preparation, Electrical, and Mechanical Properties’, Macromolecular Material Engineering 291, 793–801 (2006)
  8. KimS.H., Jang S.H.,Byun S.W., Byun, Lee J.Y, JooJ.S.,Jeong S.H, Park M.J.:’Electrical properties and EMI shielding characteristics of polypyrrole–nylon 6 composite fabrics’, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 87, 1969-1974 (2003)
  9. Park J.C, Kim J.S and Jung D.H, Preparation and comparative test of polypyrrole electrodes for direct methanol fuel cell, Macromolecular Research, 10, 181-186 (2002)
  10. Lee Y.K and Kim J.S., Preparation of polythurene /polypyrrole conducting composite and their physical properties, Polymer(Korea), 22, 953-958 (1998)
  11. Martin C.R., Membrane Based Synthesis of Nanomaterials, Chem. Mater, 8, 1739-1746 (1996)
  12. Shen M, Han Y, Lin.X, Ding.B., Zhang L. and Zhang X, J. Appl. Polym. Sci,(2013)
  13. Huang X.I and Angrew R.B. Kaner, Chem Info Edit., 43, 3817 (2004)
  14. Bhadra J, Baruah K. and Sarkar D., All Polymer FET Fabricated from PolypyrrolePolyvinyl Alcohol (PPY—PVA) Nanocomposite, AIP conf. Proceeding,1276, 233 (2010)
  15. Ghenatian H.R., Mousavi M.L., Kazemi S.H. and Shamsipur M., Electrochemical investigations of self-doped polyaniline nanofibers as a new electroactive material for high performance redox supercapacitor, Synthetic Metals, 159, 1717 (2009)
  16. Li. J., Jia Q.M, Zhu J.W and Zheng M.S, Interfacial polymerization of morphologically modified polyaniline from hollow microspheres to nanowires, Polymer International, 57, 337 (2008)
  17. Wang X., Yang C and Liu P, Well-defined polypyrrole nanoflakes via chemical oxidative polymerization in the presence of sodium alkane sulfonate, Materials Letters., 65, 1448-1450 (2011)
  18. Mudigoudra B.S., Masti S.P and Chougale R.B, Thermal Behavior of Poly (vinyl alcohol)/ Poly (vinyl pyrrolidone)/ Chitosan Ternary Polymer Blend Films, Research Journal of Recent Sciences,1(9), 83-86 (2012)
  19. Sun L., Yang S.C., Liu J.M., Template-Guided Synthesis of Conducting Polymers: Molecular Complex of Polyaniline and Polyelectrolyte, American Chemical Society Polymer (preprints), 33, 379 (1992)
  20. Bhadra J. and Sarkar D., Indian, J. Physics, 84, 1317 (2010)
  21. Suri K, Annapoorni S., Sarkar A.K., Tandon R.P., Gas and humidity sensors based on iron oxide – polypyrrole nanocomposites, Sensors Actuators B: Chemical, 81, 277-282 (2002)
  22. Penza M., E.Milella E. and Anisimki V.I., Monitoring of NH gas by LB polypyrrole-based SAW sensor, Sensors Actuators B, 47, 218-224 (1998)
  23. Miasik J.J, Hooper A., To field B.C., Conducting polymer gas sensors, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans, 82, 1117-1126 (1986)
  24. Hilleringmann U. and Goser K, Optoelectronic system integration on silicon: waveguides, photodetectors and VLSI CMOS circuits on one chip’ IEEE Trans Electron, Dev., 42, 841-846 (1995)
  25. Bondarenko V. and Varichenko A., Dorofeev, Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 19(7), 73 (1993) Tech. Phys. Lett.,19, 463 (1993)
  26. Akic M., Baristiran C. and Sonmez G., Highly surfaced polypyrrole nano-networks and nano-fibers, Journal of Material Science 414678-4683 (2006)
  27. Heeger A.J., Semiconducting and metallic polymers: the fourth generation of polymeric materials, Synthetic Metals, 125, 23-42 (2001)
  28. Anuar K., Abdullah A.H. and Idris Z, Preparation and Characterization of Polypyrrole Prepared by Non Electrochemical Method, Journal of Ultra Scientist of Physical Sciences 2, 12 (2001)
  29. Chouvy C.D., Template-free one-step electrochemical formation of polypyrrole nanowire array,Electrochemistry Communications, 11, 298-301 (2009)
  30. Eisazadeh H., Studying the Characteristics of Polypyrrole and its Composites, World Journal of Chemistry, 67-74 (2007)
  31. Min Wei and Yun Lu, Templating fabrication of polypyrrole nanorods/nanofibers, Synthetic Metals, 159, 1061-1066 (2009)
  32. Percec S, Bolas C, Howe L, Brill DJ and Li J, In situ polymerization and morphology of polypyrrole obtained in water-soluble polymer templates, Journal of Polymer Science Part A, Polymer Chemistry, 50, 4966-4976 (2012)
  33. Joo J., Chung Y.C., Lee J.K., Hong J.K, Lee W.P., Epstein A.J. ,Woo H.S., Jang K.S. and Oh E.J., Charge Transport Study of Chemically Synthesized Polypyrroles Soluble in Organic Solvents, Synthetic Metals, 84, 831-832 (1997)
  34. Bhat N.V., Gadre A.P. and Bambole V.A., Structural and electrical properties of electropolymerized polypyrrole composite films, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 80, 2511–2517 (2001)
  35. Yoon H., Chang M. and Jang J, Sensing behaviors of polypyrrole nanotubes prepared in reverse microemulsions: Effects of transducer size and transduction mechanism, J. Phys. Chem. B., 110, 14074–14077 (2006)