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Eco-toxicological approach as a contribution to Integrated water Resources Management of Okpara dam at Kpassa in Benin; Toxic metals (Pb, Hg, As and Cd) assessment in Fishes (Tilapia Guineensis) and Freshwater

Author Affiliations

  • 1Laboratory of Applied Hydrology / Faculty of Sciences and Technology / University of Abomey-Calavi, BENIN
  • 2 Laboratory of Geology, Mine and Environment / Faculty of Sciences and Technology / University of Abomey-Calavi, BENIN
  • 3 WASCAL / Laboratory of Applied Hydrology / Faculty of Sciences and Technology / University of Abomey-Calavi, BENIN
  • 4 Houdegbe North American University (HNUB), BENIN

Res.J.chem.sci., Volume 4, Issue (10), Pages 24-29, October,18 (2014)

Abstract

In this study, the concentrations of toxic metals (Pb, Hg, As and Cd) in fishes (Tilapia Guineensis) and freshwater from Okpara dam at kpassa near Parakou in Benin, were assessed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) method at the laboratory of IRGIB Africa, highly accredited. In water samples, the mean concentrations of Pb, Hg, Cd and As where 0.0174, 0.011, 0.00046 and 0.001respectively while the standard values are 0.05, 0.001, 0.005, and 0.05 respectively. As for fishes specimens, the observed mean concentrations for Pb, Hg and Cd were 0.039, 0.032 and 0.003 compared to 0.30, 0.50 and 0.050 mg/kg respectively as standard values. Here As were insignificant in analysed fishes. Results also show that concentrations in fish’s specimen do not correlate with those in water. According to the background knowledge about contaminants, a part of metals carried from the catchment is adsorbed onto suspended particles and settles to the sediment. Also, the presence of metals in fishes confirms that metals were available in aquatic ecosystem. This is not surprising when we know that no system of management of solid and liquid waste in the watershed exit. Indeed, the study catchment belongs to farm area with chemical use and a quick urbanization zone. Okpara dam is vital for human health and environmental well-being in the basin. Overall results indicate that fish and freshwater from Okpara dam were slightly contaminated by toxic metals but concentrations did not exceed standers. However, intensive and regular studies are required for monitoring. Also, iinformation, education and communicationeducation are very important for behaviour change by reparians in order to prevent levels of contaminations that would not be easy to address.

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