@Editorial
<#LINE#>Opportunities and Challenges in Electrochemiclas<#LINE#>Vasudevan@S<#LINE#>Res.J.chem.sci.<#LINE#>
@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Determination of Sodium Sorption Capacity Using the Boehm Method<#LINE#>D.@Markmanuel,@TarawouT.,jnr.@HorsfallM.<#LINE#>3-6<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJCS-2012-224.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Bayelsa State College of Education, Okpoma, Brass Island, Bayelsa State, NIGERIA @ Department of Chemical Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, PMB 071, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, NIGERIA @ Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Port-Harcourt, P.O. Box 402, Choba, Port- Harcourt, NIGERIA<#LINE#>27/10/2012<#LINE#>8/11/2012<#LINE#> Pure carbonized and activated carbons were prepared from fluted pumpkin stem waste. The activating reagents used for this study were: HPO, ZnCl2 and H2. Some of the surface properties investigated was surface acidity/basicity and point of zero charge, Hpzc. The surface acidity/basicity was estimated by the multibasic titration method of Boehm and the results obtained show that, the pure carbonized sample (PC) treated with 0.1M of NaHCO, 0.05M NaCO3  and 0.1M NaOH has the sorption capacities of 0.75mmol/g, 0.56 mmol/g and 0.447 mmol/g respectively. While the acid modified sample (AM) treated with 0.1M NaHCO3, 0.05M NaCO and 0.1M NaOH has sorption capacities of 0.413 mmol/g, 0.243 mmol/g and 0.123 mmol/g respectively. These results show that the pure carbonized sample (PC) has higher affinity for acidic species in solution than the acid modified sample (AM). Furthermore, the result obtained from surface basicity shows that, the acid modified sample (AM) with a sorption capacity of 0.233 mmol/g has a higher affinity for basic species in solution than the base modified sample (BM) which has a sorption capacity of 0.0433 mmol/g. The pure carbonized sample (PC) has the strongest basic character with a point of zero charge (Hpzc) of 8.45, while the acid modified sample (AM) has the strongest acidic character with a Hpzc of 5.82. This study has demonstrated that both the pure carbonized (PC) and the acid and base modified samples of fluted pumpkin stem waste could be utilized as low-cost, economical and environmental friendly biosorbents for the removal and recovery of metals, treatment of odour gases, acidic molecules and some problematic organic molecules from aqueous solution.<#LINE#> @ @ Sinisek M. and Cerry S., Activated carbon, manufacturers, properties and application. Elsevier, New York (1997) @No $ @ @ Selvi K., Pattabli S. and Kadirvelu K., Removal of Cr (iv) from aqueous solution by adsorption onto activated carbon, Biores. Technol., 80, 87 – 89 (2001) @No $ @ @ Lei L., Quinlivan P.A. and Knappe D.R.U., Effect of activated carbon surface chemistry and pore structure on the adsorption of organic contaminants from aqueous solution, Elsevier Science Ltd., Carbon,40, 2085–2096 (2002) @No $ @ @ Szymanski G.S., Karpinski Z., Biniaki S. and Swiatkowski A., The effect of gradual thermal decomposition of surface oxygen species on the chemical and catalytic properties of oxidized activated carbon, Carbon, 40, 2627–2639 (2002) @No $ @ @ Frackowiak E. and Beguin F., Carbon Material for the electron-chemical storage of energy in capacitors, Carbon, 39, 937–950 (2001) @No $ @ @ Chingobe P., Saha B. and Wakeman R.J., Surface Modification and characterization of a coal – based activated carbon, Carbon, 43, 3132–3142 (2005) @No $ @ @ Kadirvelu M., Palanival M. and Kalpana R.S., Activated carbon from agricultural by-product for the treatment of dyeing industry waste water, Biores. Technol., 74, 263–265 (2002) @No $ @ @ Horsfall M. Jnr. and Spiff A.I., Kinetic studies on the sorption of lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solution by caladium bicolor (Wild cocoyam) biomass, Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiopia., 19, 89-95 (2005) @No $ @ @ Horsfall M. Jnr. and Abia A.A., Sorption of cadmium (II) and zinc (II) ions from aqueous solution by cassava waste biomass (Manihot esculenta), Water Res., 37, 3913–4923 (2003) @No $ @ @ Okieimen F.E., Ojokoh F.T., Okieimen C.O. and Wuana R.A., Preparation and evaluation of activated carbon from rice husk and rubber seed shell, Chemiclass J., 191–196 (2004) @No $ @ @ Gimba C.E., Preparation and adsorption characteristics of activated carbon form coconut shell, PhD thesis, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, (2001) @No $ @ @ Liu S.X., Chen X., Chen X.Y., Liu Z.F. and Wang H.L., Activated carbon with excellent chromium (VI) adsorption performance prepared by acid – based surface modification, J. Hazard Mater, 141, 237–242 (2007) @No $ @ @ Marcus F., Arafat H.A. and Pinto N.G., Effect of chemical surface heterogeneity on the adsorption mechanism of dissolved aromatics on activated carbon, Carbon, 38, 1807–1819 (1999) @No $ @ @ Shen W., Zhijie L. and Yihong L., Surface chemical functional groups modification of porous carbon, Bethan Science Publisher Ltd., 27–32 (2008) @No $ @ @ Toles C.A., Marshall W.E. and John M.M., Surface functional group on acid activated nutshell carbon,Carbon, 37, 1207 – 1214 (1999) @No $ @ @ Ekpete O.A., Horsfall M. jnr and Tarawou T., Potential of fluted and Commercial Activated Carbons for Phenol removal in Aqueous Systems, ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci., 5,1-9 (2010) @No $ @ @ Tarawou T., Wankasi D. and Horsfall M. jnr., Sorption kinetic study on the removal of Basic Blue -9 dye using activated carbon produced from water spinach, Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci., 4, 703-709 (2010) @No $ @ @ Figueiredo J.L., Pereira M.F.R., Freitas M.M.A. and Orfao J.I.M., Modification of the surface chemistry of activated carbon. Carbon, 37, 1379–1389 (1999) @No $ @ @ Przepiorski J., Enhanced adsorption of phenol from water by ammonia – treated activated carbon, J. Hazard Mater,135, 453–456 (2006) @No $ @ @ Shin S., Jang J., Yoon S.H. and Mochida I.A., Study on the effects of heat treatment on functional groups of pitch based activated carbon fiber, Carbon, 35, 1739–1743 (1997) @No 
<#LINE#>Development of Eco-friendly Neutralizing Agents for Toluene Diisocyanate<#LINE#>Bakul@Das,T.V.Ramana@Reddy,MTK@Balaji,T.Veera@Reddy<#LINE#>7-11<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJCS-2013-012.pdf<#LINE#>  Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota, Nellore, AP, INDIA @ Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore, AP, INDIA<#LINE#>18/1/2013<#LINE#>21/2/2013<#LINE#> The present communication provides an effective methodology which is simple, time saving and economical in order to have a safe, healthy and friendly process environment in plant. The toxicology and environmental effects of Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) is exposed during process operations and is highly concerned from the environmental protection point of view. In almost every-scenario, the threat of environmental exposure is contingent upon the proper handling of this chemical. This chemical is colorless to pale yellow liquid, found responsible for asthma, lung damage, and severe cases fatal reactions. Ordinary discharge of waste containing TDI in the environment leads to imbalance of the ecosystem due to the presence of considerable amount of free Isocyanates. The paper deals with suitable formulation of isopropyl alcohol, rectified spirit (95%ethanol), dilute ammonia and soap solution to neutralize free TDI and then its presence was confirmed through spectroscopic technique. The formulations are promising eco-friendly neutralizing agent which neutralizes the available TDI within 24 hours only.  <#LINE#> @ @ Sutton G.P., Rocket Propulsion Elements, Sixth addition, Wiley, New York (1992) @No $ @ @ Gold R.F. (Ed), Propellant Manufacture, Hazard and Testing, Advances in Chemistry series 88, ACS, Washington Dc, (1969) @No $ @ @ Hepburn C., Polyurethane Elastomers, 2nd addition, London and New York, Elsevier Science publishers Ltd.(1991) @No $ @ @ David Randall, Steve Lee: The Polyurethanes Book, John Wiley and Sons Ltd (2002) @No $ @ @ Gum Wilson, Riese Wolfram, Ulrich Henri, Reaction Polymers, Oxford University Press, NewYork, (1992) @No $ @ @ Ulrich Henri, Chemistry and Technology of Isocyanates, NewYork, John Wiley & Sons Inc ISBN 0-471-96371-2 (1992) @No $ @ @ Occupational Safety and Health Guideline for TDI, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Division of Standards development and Technology Transfer; National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (1988) @No $ @ @ Baur X., Marck W., Ammon J. et al, Respiratory and other hazards of Isocyanates, International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health,66, 141-152 (1994) @No $ @ @ American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists: Documentation of the threshold limit values and Biological exposure Indices, 5th addition, (1988) @No $ @ @ Sacarello H.L.A., The comprehensive Handbook of Hazardous Materials, NewYork, CRC Press, Lewis Publishers (1994) @No $ @ @ American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienist: 2,4-Toluene Diisocyanate, Documentation of the threshold limit values and Biological Exposure Indices, 5th Ed Cincinnati, (1986) @No $ @ @ Richard J. Watts, Hazardous Wastes, New York, John Wiley and Sons Inc. (1997) @No $ @ @ Das Reddy et al, Studies on feasibility of water and sodium carbonate solution as decontaminant for Disposal of Toluene Diisocyanate Waste, Int J Chem Sci,10(4), 1959-1968 (2012) @No 
<#LINE#>Monitoring of Heavy Metals in the complex "Nokou� lake - Cotonou and Porto-Novo lagoon" ecosystem during three years in the Republic of Benin<#LINE#>E.A.P.@Yehouenou,R.@Adamou,P.J.@Azehoun,P.A.@Edorh,T.@Ahoyo<#LINE#>12-18<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJCS-2013-026.pdf<#LINE#>Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquée (LARBA) @ Département de Génie de l’Environnement, Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi (EPAC), Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01 BP 526, Cotonou, BENIN Département de Génie de l’Environnement, Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi (EPAC), Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01 BP 2009, Cotonou, BENIN  @ Institut National de recherches Agricoles du Bénin, 07 BP 265 Cotonou, BENIN @ Département de Biochimie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Faculté des Sciences et Technique (FAST) Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526 Cotonou, BENIN<#LINE#>22/2/2013<#LINE#>27/3/2013<#LINE#> Agricultural discharges and human activities affect complex "Nokoué lake, Cotonou and Porto-Novo lagoon ecosystems.  This complex lagoon received effluent, sewage, municipal solid waste coming from neighboring cities. The present study aims to monitor heavy metals levels contamination in water, sediment and in aquatic species such as fish, oysters and shrimp during three years in twelve areas along the complex lake and lagoons. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to measure heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, zinc and mercury. Analyses were done every year during three years. Water, sediment and aquatic species collected in the complex ecosystem are contaminated by zinc, cadmium, mercury, and lead with various levels varying according to years. It is important to take appropriate measures to limit the input of pollutants from human activities. <#LINE#> @ @ Lalèyè P., Chikou A., Philippart J.C., Teugels G., Vanderwalle P., Etude de la diversité ichtyologique du bassin du fleuve Ouémé au Bénin (Afrique de l’ouest), Cybium,28, 329-39 (2004) @No $ @ @ Yehouenou A., Pazou E., Boko M., Van Gestel C.A.M., Ahissou H., Akpona S., Van Hattum B., Swart K., Van Straalen N.M., Organochlorine and Organophosphorous pesticide residues in the Ouémé River catchment in the Republic of Benin, Environment International,32, 616-623 (2006a) @No $ @ @ Direction des pêches, Rapport annuel d’activité. Ministère de l’Agriculture de l’élevage et de la pêche, Bénin (2000) @No $ @ @ Lalèyè P., Niyonkuru C., Moreau J., Teugels G.G. Spatial and seasonal distribution of the ichtyofauna of lake Nokoué Bénin, West Africa, African Journal of Aquatic Sciences,28(2), 151-161 (2003) @No $ @ @ Roche H., Tidou A. and Persic A., Organochlorine pesticides and biomarker responses in two fishes Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Lacepède, 1803) and an invertebrate, Macrobrachium vollenhovenii (Herklot, 1857) @No $ @ @ , from the Lake Taabo (Côte d’Ivoire), Journal of Applied Sciences,, 3860-3869 (2007) @No $ @ @ Subasinghe R.P., Barg U., Philipps M.J., Bartley D. and Tacon A., Aquatic animal health management: Investment opportunities within developing countries, Journal of applied ichthyology, 14(3-4), 123-129 (1998) @No $ @ @ Biney C., Calamary D., Maembe T.W., Naeve H., Nyakageni B. et Saad Mah,- Etude des métaux lourds In: Calamari D et Naeve H. Revue de la pollution dans l'environnement aquatique africain, Document technique du CPCA n°25, FAO, Rome, 129 pages (1994) @No $ @ @ FAO, Guide d’identification des espèces pour les besoins de la pêche. Méditerranée et mer noire-Zone de pêche 37, vol 2, Rome, Italie (1987) @No $ @ @ Chambers J.M., Freeny A. and Heiberger R.M., Analysis of variance; designed experiments. Chapter 4 and 5 of Statistical Models in S eds J. M. Chambers and T.J. Hastie, Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole (1992) @No $ @ @ Krzanowski W.J., Principles of Multivariate Analysis, A User's Perspective, Oxford (1988) @No $ @ @ Hollander Myles and Douglas A., Wolfe Nonparametric Statistical Methods, 2nd Edition, New York: John Wiley & Sons (1999) @No $ @ @.R Development Core Team R: A language and environment for statistical computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0, URL  http://www.R-project.org/.$ (2011) @No $ @ @ WHO Chemical Fact Sheets of the International Programme on Chemical Safety (ICPS) of the World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, www.who.int/entity/water-sanitation-health/dwq/en/gdwq 3_12 .pdf (consulted 9th December 2012) (2004) @No $ @ @ Directive 76/464/CEE, de la Commission Européenne sur les substances dangereuses (2000) @No $ @ @ Lawani B.L., Etude de la pollution des eaux, des sédiments et des crevettes du lac Nokoué par les métaux lourds (Pb, Cd, Zn, Fe) au Bénin. Mémoire DESS/AGRN/FSA/UAC, Abomey-Calavi, Bénin, 81p (2007) @No $ @ @ Gandi K., Tomety-Mensah F., Amey Apoh Y., Edorh P., Distribution, biodisponibilité et bioaccumulation des métaux lourds dans le système lagunaire de Lomé, J. Rech. Sci. Univ., Lomé (Togo), Série A, 9(1), 67-81 (2007) @No 
<#LINE#>Effects of Activating Agents on the Activated Carbons Prepared from Lapsi Seed Stone<#LINE#>Sahira@Joshi,Mandira@Adhikari,BhadraPrasad@Pokharel,RajaRam@Pradhananga<#LINE#>19-24<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJCS-2013-040.pdf<#LINE#> Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Lalitpur, NEPAL @  Department of Chemistry, Bhaktapur Multiple College Tribhuvan University, Bhaktapur, NEPAL Central @ Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, NEPAL<#LINE#>11/3/2013<#LINE#>20/3/2013<#LINE#> Activated carbon has been known as an excellent adsorbent and is widely used due to its large adsorption capacity. Activating agents influence surface area and porosity of the activated carbon produced. In this study,a series ofactivated carbons were prepared from Lapsi seed stone by chemical activation using different activating agents KOH, HSO, FeCl, MgCl, and CaCl. The Iodine number and maximum adsorption capacity (q) for methylene blue were determined. Surface functional groups were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR).Surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM micrographs revealed that the activated carbons were found to be mainly microporous and mesoporous. Among the different activated carbons, the one prepared by using KOH shows highest adsorption capacity for methylene blue and high Iodine.  <#LINE#> @ @ Vaishnav Vinod, Daga Kailash, Chandra Suresh and Lal Madan, Adsorption Studies of Zn (II) ions from Wastewater using Calotropis procera as an Adsorbent, Research Journal of Recent Sciences1,160-165 (2012) @No $ @ @ Nwabanne, J.T. and Igbokwe P.K.,Preparation of Activated Carbon from Nipa Palm Nut: Influence of Preparation Conditions, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences,1(6),53-58 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ansari Khalkhali R., Omidvari R., Adsorption of Mercuric Ion from Aqueous Solutions Using Activated Carbon, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 14 (2),185-188 (2005) @No $ @ @ Jena K R, Studies on the removal of Pb(II) from wastewater by activated carbon developed from neem wood activated with sulphuric acid, International Journal of Engineering & Science Research2(5), 382-394 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sharifirad M.,  Koohyar F., Rahmanpour S.H., Vahidifar M., Preparation of Activated Carbon from Phragmites Australis: Equilibrium Behaviour Study, Research Journal of Recent Sciences1(8), 10-16 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sricharoenchaikul Viboon, Pechyen Chiravoot, Aht-ong Duangdao, and Atong Duangduen, Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from the Pyrolysis of Physic Nut (Jatropha curcas L.) Waste, Energy Fuels, 22 (1), 31–37 (2008) @No $ @ @ Ademiluyi F.T. and David-West ISRN E.O., Effect of Chemical Activation on the Adsorption of Heavy Metals Using Activated Carbons from Waste Materials, Chemical Engineering, 5 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ma. del Rosario Moreno-Virgen et.al., Applications of Activated Carbons Obtained from Lignocellulosic Materials for the Wastewater Treatment, Instituto Tecnológico de Aguascalientes México, http://www.intechopen.com (2012) @No $ @ @ Ekpete O.A. and Horsfall M. JNR, Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon derived from Fluted Pumpkin Stem Waste (Telfairia occidentalis Hook F), Research Journal of Chemical Sciences1(3)(2011) @No $ @ @ Juan F. Gonza´lez, Silvia Roma´n, Carmen M. Gonza´lez-Garc´a, J. M. Valente Nabais, and A. Luis Ortiz, Porosity Development in Activated Carbons Prepared from Walnut Shells by Carbon Dioxide or Steam Activation, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.48, 7474–7481(2009) @No $ @ @ Gonza´lez, M. T.; Rodr´guez-Reinoso, F.; Garc´a, A. N.; Marcilla, A. CO Activation of Olive Stones Carbonized under Different Experimental Conditions, Carbon, 35 (1), 159-162 (1997) @No $ @ @ Rodriguez-Reinoso F.,  Lopez-Gonzalez J. de D., Berenguer C., Activated carbons from almond shells -1: Preparation and characterization by nitrogen adsorption, Carbon,20(6), 513–518 (1982) @No $ @ @ Hu Z. and Vansant E.F., Synthesis and Characterization of a Controlled-Micropore-Size Carbonaceous Adsorbent Produced from Walnut Shell, Microporous Materials,3 (6), 603–612 (1995) @No $ @ @ Lessier M.C., Shull J.C. and Miller D.J. Activated carbon from cherry stones, Carbon 30, 1493-1498 (1994) @No $ @ @ Philip C.A. and Girgis B.S., Adsorption characteristics of microporous carbons from apricot stones activated by phosphoric acid, J. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol., 67, 248-254 (1996) @No $ @ @ Girgis B.S., Khalil L.B. and Tawfik T.A.M., Activated carbon from sugar cane bagasse by carbonization in the presence of inorganic acids, J. Chem. Tch. Biotechnol., 61, 87-92 (1994) @No $ @ @ Prajapati S. Sharma S. and Agrawal V.P., Characterization of Choerospondias axillaris (Lapsi) fruit protease, Int J. Life Sci, , 24-31 (2009) @No $ @ @ Shrestha R.M,, Yadav A.P., Pokharel B.P. and Pradhananga R., Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Lapsi Choerospondias axillaris) Seed Stone by Chemical Activation with Phosphoric acid, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences 2(10), 80-86 (2012) @No $ @ @ 9.Rajbhandari R., Shrestha L.K. and Pradhananga R.R., Nanoporous Activated Carbon Derived from Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris) Seed Stone for the Removal of Arsenic from water, Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, (2012) @No $ @ @ Activated carbon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_carbon (2012) @No $ @ @ Japanese Standard Association, Standard testing method of methylene blue number of activated carbon, Japanese industrial standard test method for activated carbon, JIS K 1470-1991 @No $ @ @ American Standard of Testing Material. Standard test method for determination of iodine number of activated carbon. Annual book of ASTM standards, D 4607-94, 542-545 (1999) @No $ @ @ Cleiton Nunes A., Guerreiro Mário C., Estimation of surface area and pore volume of activated carbons by methylene blue and iodine numbers, Quím. Nova34(3)2011)  @No $ @ @ Marsh H., Activated Carbon, Francisco Rodríguez - Reinoso, Elsevier, Amsterdam (2006) @No $ @ @ Singh Nalwa Hari, Handbook of Surfaces and Interfaces of Materials, 5 (2001) @No $ @ @ Rajbhandari R., Shrestha L.K., Pokharel B. P., and Pradhananga R. R., Development of Nanoporous Structure in Carbons by Chemical Activation with Zinc Chloride, Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 13,1–11 (2013) @No $ @ @ Puviarasani N.,Arjun, V. and Mohan S., FTIR and FT-Raman Spectral Investigations on, Aminoquinqldine and 5--Aminoquinoline, Turk J Chem 28, 53 – 65 (2004) @No $ @ @ Petrov N., Budinova T., Razvigorova M., Ekinci E., Yardim F., Minkova V., Preparation and characterization of carbon adsorbents from furfural, Carbon38, 2069–2075 (2000) @No $ @ @ Hu Yaoxin, Dong Xueliang, Nan Jiangpu, Jin Wanqin, Ren Xiaoming, Xua Nanping and Leeb Young Moo, Metal-Organic Framework Membranes Fabricated via Reactive Seeding The Royal Society of Chemistry(2010) @No $ @ @ Venkatachalam Kandan et.al.,Catalytic Performance of Al-MCM-48 Molecular Sieves for Isopropylation of Phenol with Isopropyl Acetate, ChineseJournal of Catalysis, 33, 478–486 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Open System Leaching of Sphalerite in Butanoic Acid Solution and Empirical Analysis of Zinc Extraction Based on Initial Solution pH, Leaching Time and Ore Mass-input<#LINE#>C.I.@Nwoye,J.T.@Nwabanne,J.U.@Odo<#LINE#>25-31<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJCS-2013-042.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, NIGERIA @ Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, NIGERIA <#LINE#>20/3/2013<#LINE#>28/6/2013<#LINE#> This paper presents an open system leaching of sphalerite in butanoic acid solution. Empirical analysis of extracted zinc concentration based on constant leaching time and sphalerite mass-input as well as varying initial solution pH was carried out. The three factorial derived model: ()[]91.03.0lin55.1shows that the extracted zinc concentration increases with decrease in the initial solution pH even at constant leaching time and ore mass-input. This is attributed to the fact that at lower solution pH, the concentration of H (which is the principal attacking species) in the solution increases and so increases the rate of interaction between H and S2- to form HS and metallic zinc. The validity of the derived model is shown by the expression  3= 0.91 + 1.55 ln + 0.3 where both sides of the expression are approximately equal. Computational analysis of results of extracted zinc concentration show that the average extracted zinc concentration per unit minute of leaching as obtained from experiment, derived model and regression model are 0.5627, 0.5669 and 0.5627 mg/kg min-1 respectively. Similarly, average extracted zinc concentration per unit leaching solution pH as obtained from experiment, derived model and regression model are 14.5413, 14.6586 and 14.5413 mg/kgrespectively. Also, average extracted zinc concentration per unit ore mass-input as obtained from experiment, derived model and regression model are 13.5047, 13.6041 and 13.5047 mg/kg g-1 respectively. Statistical analysis of results of extracted zinc concentration indicates that the standard error in predicting the extracted zinc concentration (using results from derived model, regression model and experiment) for each value of the initial solution pH are  0.2378, 4 x 10-5, and 1.4677 % respectively. The maximum deviation of the model from experimental values is less than 4.5% which implies 95.5% operational confidence level. <#LINE#> @ @ Palachy J., US Geological Survey, Minerals National Information Centre, Reston VA 20192, USA (1997) @No $ @ @ Nickel E.H. and Grice J.D., The IMA commission on new minerals and mineral names: Procedures and guidelines on mineral nomenclature, The Canadian Mineralogist, 36, 10-20 (1998) @No $ @ @ Jena P.K. and Brocchi E.A., Extraction of copper from salobo (Bazil) Chalcopyrite concentrate and aqueous slurries thereof by chlorination with chlorine gas, Trans Instn. Min.Mettall (Sec C: mineral Processing Ext. metal), 101 (Jan. – April 1992) (1992) @No $ @ @ Peters E., The physical chemistry of hydrometallurgy, in proceeding of international symposium on hydrometallurgy, Chicago, Evans D.J.I. and Shoemaker R.S. (eds), chapter 10, 227-230 (1973) @No $ @ @ Ekinci Z., Colack S., Cakici A. and Sarac H., Mineral Engineering, , 287-290 (1998) @No $ @ @ Cotton F.A. and Wilkinson G., Advanced Inorganic Chemistry: A Comprehensive Text, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 304-306 (1980) @No $ @ @ Allimarin I.P., Fadeeva V.I. and Dorokha A., (Translation Ad. Boris Spivakov) E.N Lecture (1976) @No $ @ @ Adebayo A. Ipinmoroti O.K. and Ajayi O.O., Leaching of Sphalerite with Hydrogen Peroxide and Nitric Acid Solutions, J. of Min. Mater. Charact. Eng., , 167-177 2006)@No $ @ @ Olubami P.A. Borode J.O. and Ndlovu S., Sulphuric Acid Leaching of Zinc and Copper   from Nigerian Complex Sulphide Ore in the Presence of Hydrogen Peroxide, Journal of the Southern African Inst. of Mining and Metallurg,y106, 765-769 (2006) @No $ @ @ Verbaan B. and Crundwell F. K.,An electrochemical model for the leaching of a sphalerite concentrate, Hydrometallurgy, 16, 345-359 (1986) @No $ @ @ Nwoye C.I. and Mbuka I.E., Model for Assessment and Computational Analysis of the Concentration of Zinc Dissolved during Leaching of Sphalerite in Butanoic Acid Solution, J. of Min. Mater. Charact. Eng.,, 483-493 2010) @No $ @ @ Nwoye C.I., C-NIKBRAN., Data Analytical Memory (2008) @No 
<#LINE#>Characterization and Classification of Hydrochemistry using Multivariate Graphical and Hydrostatistical Techniques<#LINE#>Manoj@K.,S@Ghosh,P.K.@Padhy<#LINE#>32-42<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJCS-2013-043.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, 731235, Birbhum, West Bengal, INDIA<#LINE#>21/3/2013<#LINE#>31/3/2013<#LINE#> Multivariate data analyses systems provide simultaneous inspection of several variables both in space and time. This study was undertaken to present the utility of multivariate data analyses models in characterization and classification of surface water chemistry. A case study was developed, where hydrochemistryof some water bodies (ponds) in the Santiniketan-Bolpur-Sriniketan zone, Birbhum district, West Bengal, India, was investigated followed by the assessment of impact of the well known annual fair Pous Mela on the chemistry of surface waters present near the vicinity of the fair ground. Santiniketan has historical importance in India and the world, made famous by versatile Nobel Laureate Gurudev Rabindra Nath Tagore. The Pous Mela, which was started by Maharshi Debendranath Tagore in 1894, is an annual fair organized on the campus of Visva-Bharati University in the month of December and is visited by thousands of people every year. Water samples collected, both spatially and temporally, were analyzed for sixteen parameters and multivariate Piper trilinear diagram was constructed for examination of their chemistry. Two multivariate data analyses techniques viz. agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis (AHCA) and discriminant analysis (DA) were further applied for intelligent interpretation of water quality data matrix. Piper diagram classified all water samples into ‘Mixed Ca2+—Na—HCO Type’. No change in water type was recorded temporally suggesting the ionic stability of water bodies with respect to Na, K, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO, Cl and SO2- and further indicating the impact of the Pous Mela on major ion chemistry of nearby waters as negligible. However, hydrochemical data analyses revealed organic wastes along with PO3- as the most serious pollutants. AHCA grouped sampling sites into three groups viz. having less anthropogenic influence, medium anthropogenic influence and high anthropogenic influence. Application of DA on data matrix uncovered four predictor variables namely BOD, pH, Cl and total hardness as the most relevant discriminating parameters between three groups. This study showed that the multivariate models are highly effective in elucidating and illustrating the hydrochemical profile and framework assessment which can be applied on large scale for better interpretation of water chemistry and management of water resources of any region.<#LINE#> @ @ Tiwari M. and Ranga M.M., Assesment of Diurnal Variation of Physico Chemical Status of Khanpura Lake, Ajmer, India, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 2 (7), 69-71 (2012) @No $ @ @ Deshpande S.M. and Aher K.R., Evaluation of Groundwater Quality and its Suitability for Drinking and Agriculture use in Parts of Vaijapur, District Aurangabad, MS, India, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 2 (1), 25-31 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ranjan R., Water Quality Monitoring of Groundwater Resources around Sugar Factory, Near East-West Champaran Border, Bihar, India, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 2 (7), 79-81 (2012) @No $ @ @ Patil S.G., Chonde S.G., Jadhav A.S. and Raut P.D., Impact of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Shivaji University lakes on Phytoplankton Communities, Kolhapur, India, Res.J.Recent Sci., 1 (2), 56-60 (2012) @No $ @ @ Parihar S.S., Kumar A., Kumar A., Gupta R.N., Pathak M., Shrivastav A. and Pandey A.C., Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Analysis of Underground Water in and Around Gwalior City, MP, India, Res.J.Recent Sci., 1 (6), 62-65 (2012) @No $ @ @ Landau S. and Everitt B.S., A Handbook of Statistical Analyses using SPSS, Chapman & Hall/CRC Press LLC, USA (2004) @No $ @ @ Härdle, W. and Simar, L., Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis. http://www.stat.wvu.edu/...mva.pdf, Accessed on 24. 03. 2012 (2003) @No $ @ @ Birbhum District Map, Official Website of the Birbhum District, West Bengal, India, http://www.birbhum.gov.in/distmap.htm, Accessed on 20.02.2013 (2013) @No $ @ @ Santiniketan – Google Maps, Imagery ©2013 Cnes/Spot Image, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Map data ©2013 Google, http://maps.google.co.in/maps...santiniketan&bav=on.2, Accessed on 20.02.2013 (2013) @No $ @ @ Bhardwaj V., Singh D.S. and Singh A.K., Water Quality of the Choti Gandak River using Principal Component Analysis, Ganga plain, India, J. Earth Syst. Sci.,119, 117-127 (2010) @No $ @ @ American Public Health Association (APHA)., Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st Centennial Edition, APHA, AWWA, WPCF, Washington DC, USA (2005) @No $ @ @ Kašparová M., Kupka J. and Chýlková J., Heavy Metals Contamination Analysis in Selected Czech Localities by Cluster Analysis, In: Recent Advances in Environment, Ecosystems and Development, Proceedings of the 7thWSEAS International Conference on Environment, Ecosystems and Development, December 14-16, WSEAS Press, Tenerife, Spain, 240-245 (2009) @No $ @ @ Kašparová M., Kupka J. and Chýlková J., Comparison of Cluster Analysis Algorithms for Heavy Metals Contamination in Atmospheric Precipitation, WSEAS Trans. Inf. Sci. Appl.,3 (7), 341-350 (2010) @No $ @ @ Balakrishnama S. and Ganapathiraju A., Linear Discriminant Analysis - A Brief Tutorial, Institute for Signal and Information Processing, Mississippi State University http://www.music.mcgill.ca/....lda_theory.pdf, Accessed on 12.12.2012 (2012) @No $ @ @ Fernandez G.C.J., Discriminant Analysis, A Powerful Classification Technique in Data Mining, Paper 247-27, In: Statistical and Data Analysis, SUGI 27 Proceedings, Orlando, Florida, April 14-17 (2002) @No $ @ @ Ramayah, T., Ahmad, N.H., Halim, H.A., Zainal, S.R.M. and Lo, M.C., Discriminant Analysis: An Illustrated Example,Afr. J. Bus Manageme.,4 (9), 1654-1667 (2010) @No $ @ @ Singh K.P., Malik A. and Sinha S., Water Quality Assessment and Apportionment of Pollution Sources of Gomti River (India) using Multivariate Statistical Techniques-A Case Study, Anal. Chim. Acta,538, 355-374 (2005) @No $ @ @ Juahir H., Zain S.M., Yusoff M.K., Hanidza T.I.T., Armi A.S.M., Toriman M.E. and Mokhtar M., Spatial Water Quality Assessment of Langat River Basin (Malaysia) using Environmetric Techniques. Environ. Monit. Assess.,173, 625-641 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), Indian Standard Drinking Water Specification (second revision of IS: 10500), Manak Bhawan, New Delhi, India (2004) @No $ @ @ Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)., Use Based Classification of Surface Waters in India, In: Guidelines for water quality management, Parivesh Bhawan, Delhi, India (2008) @No $ @ @ Goel P.K., Water Pollution: Causes, Effects and Control, Revised Second Edition, New Age International (P) Limited Publishers, New Delhi, India (2009) @No $ @ @ Correll D.L., Phosphorus: A Rate Limiting Nutrient in Surface Waters, Poultry Sci.,78, 674-682, (1999) @No $ @ @ Ravikumar P. and Somashekar R.K., Multivariate Analysis to Evaluate Geochemistry of Ground Water in Varahi River Basin of Udupi in Karnataka, India, The Ecoscan, 4 (2&3), 153-162 (2010) @No $ @ @ Zhang P., EAS 44600 Groundwater Hydrology, Lecture 14: Water Chemistry 1, http://mail.sci.ccny.cuny.edu/ ~pzhang..14.pdf, Accessed on 10.03.2013 (2013) @No
<#LINE#>Investigations on the Binary Mixtures of Organic Additives in Lubricating Oil - SAE15W40 through Ultrasound Velocity Measurements<#LINE#>Prathima@A.,Karthikeyan@S.,Jayalakshmi@B.,Veerapandian@G<#LINE#>43-46<#LINE#>7.ISCA-RJCS-2013-044.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Physics, Syed Ammal Engineering College, Ramanathapuram-623 501, Tamil Nadu, INDIA @ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Syed Ammal Engineering College, Ramanathapuram-623 501, Tamil Nadu, INDIA @ Department of Chemistry, Syed Ammal Engineering College, Ramanathapuram-623 501, Tamil Nadu, INDIA  <#LINE#>21/3/2013<#LINE#>3/4/2013<#LINE#> Thermo, Acoustical and Dielectric (TAD) parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (), intermolecular free length (L), acoustical impendence (Z), dielectric constant (), surface tension (S), relaxation time (), Gibb’s free energy (G) and its excess functions (A) have been calculatedfor the binary mixtures of lubricating oil-SAE15w40 with toluene and benzene from ultrasound velocity (u),density () and viscosity ()measurements. These measurementswere carried out at various concentration of oil from 0% to 100% in steps of 20% at 308.15K.From the data’s of TAD parameters and their excess values, it is very obvious that there exist a hetero interaction existing between the unlike molecules.  <#LINE#> @ @ Vineet Katiyar and Sattar Husain, Recycling of used lubricating oil using 1-butanol, Int. J.Chem.Sci., 8(3) (2010) @No $ @ @ Huijuan Chen D. Yogi Goswami K. and Elias Stefenakos K., A review of thermodynamic cycles and working fluids for the conversion of low-grade heat, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.,14, 3059-3067 (2010) @No $ @ @ Bahl B.S, Tuli G.T. and Arul Bahl, Essentials of Physical Chemistry, first ed., S. Chand & company Ltd, New Delhi, India (1943) @No $ @ @ Bhatnagar M.S., Text Book of Pure and Applied Chemistry, first ed., A.H. Wheeler & Company Ltd, New Delhi, India, 1999)  @No $ @ @  Beerbower A., Properties of fluids, John wiley & sons, New York, (1990) @No $ @ @ Kannappan A.N., Kesavasamy R. and Ponnusamy V., Molecular interaction studies of H-bonded complexes of benzamide in 1,4-dioxane with alcohols from acoustic and thermodynamic parameters, Am. J. Engg. and Appl.Sci., 1(2), 95-99 (2008) @No $ @ @ Pankaj Singh K. and Bhatt S.C., Investigation of acoustical parameters of polyvinyl acetate, Appl. Phys. Research.,2(1), 35-45 (2010) @No $ @ Shahla Parveen, Maimoona Yasmin, Manish Gupta and Jagdish Prasad Shukla., Thermoacoustical and Excess parameters of binary mixtures of ethyl butyrate with methanol and vinyl acetate, Int. J.Thermodynamics., 13(2), 59-66 (2010) @No $ @ @ Vasantharani P., Pandiyan V. and Kannappan A.N., Ultrasonic velocity, viscosity, density and excess properties of ternary mixture  of N-Methylcyclohexylamine+Benzene+1-Propanol., Asian J. Appl. Sci., (2), 169-176  (2009) @No $ @ @ Arul G. and Palaniappan L., Ultrasonic study of 1-butanol in pyridine with benzene, Indian J. Pure and Appl.Phys., 43, 755-758 (2005) @No $ @ @ Palaniaapn L., Ultrasonic analysis of intermolecular interaction in the mixtures of benzene with methanol, ethanol and1-propanol, Asian J.Mat. Sci., 4(1), 21-27(2012) @No $ @ @ Thirumaran S. and Deepesh George, Ultrsonic study of intermolecular association through hydrogen bonding in ternary liquid mixtures, ARPN J. Eng. and Appl. Sci., 4(4), 1-11 (2009) @No $ @ @ Parthipan G. and Thenappan T., Studies on molecular interaction and fluid structure of ansole with 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and decyl alcohol, J. Mol. Liq., 133, 1-6 (2007) @No $ @ @ Baskaran R. and Kubendran T.R., Refractive indices, Ultrasonic velocities, Surface Tension and Thermo acoustical parameters of Anisaldehyde + Benzene at 313.15 K., Int J Appl Sci and Eng., 5(2), 115-122 (2007) @No $ @ @ Ali Hyder S. and Nain A.K., Intermolecular interaction in ternary liqud mixtures by ultrasonic velocity measurements, J. Physics 74 B., ( 1), 63-67 (2000) @No $ @ @ Blokhra R.L. and Aruna Awasthi, Ultrasonic studies of methanol solutions of benzophenone and 2,4-dichlorophenol, Indian J.Pure and Appl. Phys., 30, 760-763 (1992) @No $ @ @ Acharya S., Das B.K. and Mohanty G.C., Ultrasonic study of binary mixtures of acetylacetone with polar dilutants at 303.16K vis-à-vis molecular interaction, Indian J. Phys., 83(2), 185-191 (2009) @No $ @ @ Dalai B., Dash S.K, Singh S.K., Swain N. and Swain B.B., Physio-Chemical properties of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid with apolar solvents from ultrasonic studies, Physics and chemistry of liquids., 50(2), 242-2553 (2012) @No $ @ @ Thirumaran S. and Earnest Jayakumar J., Ultrasonic study of n-alkanols in toluene with nitrobenzene, Ind. JPure & Appl.Phy., 47, 265-272 (2009) @No $ @ @ Rajagopal K. and Chenthilnath S., Molecular interaction studies and theoretical estimation of ultrasonic speedsusing scaled particle theory in binary mixtures of toluene with homologous nitriles at different temperatures,Thermochimica sinica., 498, 45-53 (2010) @No $ @ @ Lone B.G., Undre P.B., Patil S.S., Khirade P.W. and Mehrotra S.C., Ultrasonic study of 1-butanol in pyridine with benzene., J.Mol. Liq., 141, 47-53 (2008) @No
<#LINE#>Valence Connectivity Indices and Shape Indices Based Study of Testosterone Derivatives as SHBG Ligand<#LINE#>@SinghR.K.,Adil@KhanMohd.<#LINE#>47-56<#LINE#>8.ISCA-RJCS-2013-045.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemistry, M.L.K. P.G. College, Balrampur, UP, INDIA<#LINE#>22/3/2013<#LINE#>31/3/2013<#LINE#> Six descriptors namely shape indices (of order 1, 2 and  3) and valence connectivity indices (of order 0, 1 and 2) of forty SHBG binding testosterone derivatives have been calculated with the help of CAChe Pro of Fujitsu software using the semiemperical PM3 Hamiltonian. Observed biological activities of all forty compounds are in terms of pKd (SHBG-ligand dissociation parameter). These six descriptors have been used in deriving regression models. Shape indices (of order 1, 2 and 3) appear good descriptors for QSAR study of testosterone derivatives. Among these three descriptors, shape index (of order 3) is the best. The top five QSAR models developed from these descriptors have high predictive power and can be used to find out the SHBG activity of any new derivative of testosterone. The quality of regression has been adjudged by correlation coefficient, cross validation coefficient and statistical parameters obtained from Smith’s Statistical Package (version 2.80). <#LINE#> @ @ Wilson J.D., Griffin J.E. and George F.W., Sexual differentiation: early hormone synthesis and action, Biol. Reprod.22, 9-17 (1980) @No $ @ @ Westphal U., Steroid-Protein Interactions II, Monographs on Endocrin27, 603 (1986) @No $ @ @ Dunn J.F., Nisula B.C. and Rodbard D., Transport of steroid hormones: binding of 21 endogenous steroids to both testosterone-binding globulin and corticosteroid-binding globulin in human plasma, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.53, 58-68 (1981) @No $ @ @ Hammond G.L., Access of reproductive steroids to target tissues, Obstet. Gynecol. Clin. North. Am.,29, 411-423 (2002) @No $ @ @ Hammond G.L. and Bocchinfuso W.P., Sex hormone-binding globulin/androgen-binding protein: steroid-binding and dimerization domains, J. Steroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol.,53, 543-552 (1995) @No $ @ @ Hogeveen K.N., Cousin P., Pugeat M., Dewailly D., Soudan B. and Hammond G. L., Human sex hormone-binding globulin variants associated with hyperandrogenism and ovarian dysfunction, J. Clin. Invest.,109, 973-981 (2002) @No $ @ @ Van Pottelbergh I., Goemaere S., Zmierczak H. and Kaufman J. M., Perturbed sex steroid status in men with idiopathic osteoporosis and their sons, J. Clin. Endocrinol.  Metab.,89, 4949-4953 (2004) @No $ @ @ Rapuri P.B., Gallagher J.C. and Haynatzki G., Endogenous levels of serum estradiol and sex hormone binding globulin determine bone mineral density, bone remodeling, the rate of bone loss, and response to treatment with estrogen in elderly women, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 89, 4954-4962 (2004) @No $ @ @ Cherkasov A., Shi Z., Li Y., Jones S.J., Fallahi M. and Hammond G.L., Inductive charges on atoms in proteins: comparative docking with the extended steroid benchmark set and discovery of a novel SHBG ligand, J. Chem. Inf. Model., 45, 1842- 1853 (2005) @No $ @ @ Cherkasov A., Inductive Descriptors. 10 Successful Years in QSAR, Curt. Comp-Aided Drug Design,, 21-42 (2005) @No $ @ @ Singh Rajeev, Kumar D., Singh Bhoop, Singh V.K. and Sharma Ranjana, Molecular structure, vibrational spectroscopic and HOMO, LUMO studies of S-2-picolylN-(2-acetylpyrrole) dithiocarbazate Schiff base by Quantum Chemical investigations, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 3(2), 79-84, (2013) @No $ @ @ Gupta Y.K., Agarwal S.C., Madnawat S.P. and Ram Narain, Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Studies of Some Transition Metal Complexes of Schiff Bases, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 2(4), 68-71, (2012) @No $ @ @ Buttrus H. Nabeel and Saeed T. Farah, Synthesis and Structural Studies on Some Transition metal complexes of Bis-(benzimidazole-2-thio) ethane, propane and butane ligands, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 2(6), 43-49, (2012) @No $ @ @ Gupta Manish and Sharma Vimukta, Targeted drug delivery system: A Review, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 1 (2), (2011) @No $ @ @ Glossman-Mitnik D., Computational Molecular Nanoscience: A Study of the Molecular Structure and Properties of a RAFT Polymerization Agent, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences,1(9), 6-10, (2011) @No $ @ @ Kier L. B., Shape indexes for orders one and three from molecular graphs, Quant. Struct.-Act. Relat.,, 1-7 (1986) @No $ @ @ Kier L.B., Indexes of molecular shape from chemical graphs, Med. Res. Rev., 417-440 (1987) @No $ @ @ Randic M., On characterization of molecular branching, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 97, 6609-6615 (1975) @No $ @ @ Kier L.B. and Hall L.H., Molecular Connectivity in Chemistry and Drug Research, Wiley, New York. (1986) @No $ @ @ Singh P.P., Srivastava H.K. and Pasha F.A., DFT-based QSAR study of testosterone and its derivatives, Bioorg. Med. Chem., 12, 171 (2004) @No $ @ @ Srivastava H.K., Pasha F.A. and Singh P.P., Atomic softness-based QSAR study of testosterone, Int. J. Quant. Chem. 103, 237-245 (2005) @No $ @ @ Srivastava H.K., Pasha F.A., Mishra S.K. and Singh P.P., Novel applications of atomic softness and QSAR study of testosterone derivatives, Med. Chem. Res.,18, 455-466 (2009) @No $ @ @ Balaban A.T., Graph theory and theoretical chemistry, Jour. of. Mol. Struc: THEOCHEM,120, 117-142 (1985) @No $ @ @ Petitjean M., Applications of the Radius-Diameter Diagram to the Classification of Topological and Geometrical Shapes of Chemical Compounds, J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci.,32, 331-337 (1992) @No 
<#LINE#>Mouth Dissolving Tablets and Candies prepared from popularly Known Spices<#LINE#>Rajashree@Rane,Divya@Gangolli,Smita@Panigrahy,Sarkar@Saptashree,Sachin@Kundalwal<#LINE#>57-62<#LINE#>9.ISCA-RJCS-2013-046.pdf<#LINE#> Piramal Enterprises Ltd., Goregaon, Mumbai, Maharashtra, INDIA<#LINE#>26/3/2013<#LINE#>1/4/2013<#LINE#> Two popularly known spices were selected for the preparation of Mouth Dissolving tablets (MD tablets) and candies. MD tablets prepared from Ginger/Sunthi and Cinnamon, and candies prepared from Sunthi, in different proportions, along with citric acid were taken for the study. Physico-chemical parameters were studied, and the presence of corresponding spices in the samples, was proved by following the well-versed HPTLC technique. Safety of the products, for consumption, was assured, by carrying out microbiological evaluation. It was observed that the MD tablets and candies are medicinally valuable, due to their positive action on certain discomforts. They provide fast relief from throat infection and motion sickness, and make us feel comfortable.      <#LINE#> @ @ Parthasarathy V.A., Anandaraj M., Srinivasan V., Dinesh R. and Nirmalbabu K., Vision 2030, Indian Institute of Spices Research, 1-7 (2011) @No $ @ @ Nadkarni K.M., The Indian Materia Medica (Vegetable Kingdom), Indian Materia Medica, 1, 1308-1315 (1976) @No $ @ @ Nadkarni K.M., The Indian Materia Medica (Vegetable Kingdom), Indian Materia Medica, 1, 328-330 (1976) @No $ @ @ Jitareanu A., Tataringa G., Zbancioc A.M., Tuchilus C. and Stanescu U., Cinnamic acid Derivatives and 4 – Aminoantipyrene Amides – Synthesis and Evaluation of Biological Properties, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 3(3), 9-13 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sessou P., Farougou S., Azokpota P., Youssao I. and Sohounhloue D., In vitro Antifungal activities of Essential oils extracted from fresh leaves of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Ocimum gratissimum against Foodborne pathogens for their use as Traditional Cheese Wagashi conservatives, Res. J. Recent. Sci., 1(9), 67-73 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sayed A. and Mohiuddin H., Mouth dissolving tablets: An Overview, International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 2(3), 959-970, (2011) @No $ @ @ Mudgal V.K., Sethi P., Kheri R., Saraogi G.K. and Singhai A.K., Orally Disintegrating Tablets: A Review, International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 2(4), 16-22 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ashish P., Harsoliya M.S., Pathan J.K. and Shruti S., A Review: Formulation of Mouth Dissolving tablet, International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Science, 1(1), 1-8 (2011) @No $ @ @  Mathew T. and Agrawal S., Design and development of fast Melting Tablets of Terbutaline Sulphate, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(1), 105-110 (2011) @No $ @ @ Indian Pharmacopoeia, Govt. of India, Controller of Publications, New Delhi, , 177 (2007) @No $ @ @ The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Govt. of India, Controller of Publications, New Delhi, 1(1), 143,156 (1989) @No $ @ @ Indian Pharmacopoeia, Govt. of India, Controller of Publications, New Delhi, , 943 (2007) @No 
<#LINE#>Assessment of the Levels of Some Trace Metals in Soils and Roots of Cassava Grown Under Usage of Agrochemicals in Some Parts of Benue State, Nigeria<#LINE#>J.@Abah,S.T.@Ubwa,@AuduS.I.,S.P.@Malu<#LINE#>63-70<#LINE#>10.ISCA-RJCS-2013-051.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Benue State University, Makurdi, P.M.B. 102119, Makurdi, Benue State NIGERIA @ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State NIGERIA @ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, Federal University, Wukari NIGERIA <#LINE#>10/4/2013<#LINE#>25/4/2013<#LINE#> The indiscriminate usages of agrochemicals by rural farmers in crops cultivations as efforts are intensified to enhance food security present great environmental challenges. This study used some analytical methods to determine the levels of some trace metals in soils and roots of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) grown in selected farms in Otukpo, Ohimini and Katsina-Ala Local Government Areas (L.G.A) of Benue State, Nigeria. The cassava roots were harvested twelve months after planting (12 MAP) from six farmers’ fields and control farms cultivated in each of the L.G.A between June, 2008 and May, 2009. In the farmers’ fields, cassava roots content of the trace metals varied between 0.031±0.003µg/g Cr to 0.870±0.250µg/g Pb while the control cassava roots content ranged from 0.022±0.001µg/g Ni to 0.548±0.130µg/g Pb. The soil levels of the trace metals varied between 0.058±0.002µg/g Ni to 3.780±0.033µg/g Pb in the farmers’ fields and 0.040±0.005µg/g Ni to 2.520±0.330µg/g Pb in the control farms. These results were significantly (P  0.05) higher in the farmers’ fields and this suggests an anthropogenically induced source. However, the present levels of the soil and cassava roots content of the trace metals were below WHO/FAO’s reported human toxicity levels. However, it is important to carryout periodic review of the levels of the trace metals to monitor future accumulation in soil and cassava roots as a result of the continued usage of the agrochemicals. <#LINE#> @ @   World Bank, A strategy to develop agriculture and a focusfor the World Bank, World Bank technical paper no. 203,Africa technical department series, 1-10, (1993) @No $ @ @ FAO, Corporate document repository; the impact of HIV/AIDS on the agricultural sector .:://www.fao.org/DOCREP/005/Y4636E/y4636e05.htm, (2008) @No $ @ @ Egesi C., Mbanaso E., Ogbe F., Okogbenin E. and Fregene M., Development of cassava varieties with high value root quality through induced mutations and marker-aided breeding, NRCRI, Umudike, Annual Report, 2-6, (2006) @No $ @ @ Ano A.O., Studies on the effect of liming on the yield of two cassava cultivars, NRCRI Annual Report 2003, p. 9,(2003) @No $ @ @ Ogbe F.O., Emehute J.K.U. and Legg J., Screening of cassava varieties for whitefly populations, NRCRI Annual Report 2007, 30-33 (2007) @No $ @ @ Egesi C., Okogbenin E., Mbanaso E. and Fregene M.,Induced mutations and marker-aided breeding for theimprovement of root quality traits in cassava, NRCRI,Umudike Annual Report 2007, 22-23, (2007) @No $ @ @  Akinpelu A.O., Amamgbo E.F., Olojede A.O. and Oyekale A.S., Health implications of cassava production andconsumption, Journal of Agriculture and Social Research,11(1), 118-125, (2011) @No $ @ @ Uwah E.I., Akan J.C., Moses E.A., Abah J. and Ogugbuaja V.O., Some anions levels in fresh vegetables in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria, Medwell online Agric. J. 2(3), 392- 396, URL:Doi=aj.2007.392.396 (2007) @No $ @ @ NAAS, Policy options for efficient nitrogen use, Policy paper no. 33. National Academy of Agricultural Science, New Delhi, 1-4, (2005) @No $ @ @ Chow M., GNLD Questions and Answer, Feljason Universal Service, Nigeria, 37-38, (2006) @No $ @ @  Abah J., Abdulrahaman F.I., Ndahi N.P. and Ogugbuaja V.O., Some heavy metals content of seeds of beansintercropped with yams cultivated under usage of agrochemicals, J. Bio. & Env. Sci., 3(1), 16-22, (2013) @No $ @ @ Dissanayake C.B. and Chandrajith R., Medical geochemistry of tropical environments, Earth science reviews, 47(3-4), 219-258, http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/ s0012-8252(99)00033-1, (1999) @No $ @ @ Radojevic M. and Bashkin N.V., Practical environmentalanalysis, Royal Society of Chemistry and Thoma GrahamHouse, Cambridge, U.K., 356-377, 400-408, (1999) @No $ @ @  AOAC, Official methods of analysis of the association of analytical Chemist, 14th Ed. AOAC. Inc. Arlington,Virginia, USA, 53-55, (1984) @No $ @ @ USEPA, Acid digestion of sediment, sludge and soils,method 305B, USEPA, Washington, 5-15 (1996) @No $ @ @ Nelson D.W. and Sommers L.S., Total carbon, organiccarbon, and organic matter, In: Page et al. (ed), methods of soil analysis, Part 2 Agron. Monogr, 9(2), 539-579 (1982) @No $ @ @  USDA, Natural resources conservation service: soil survey laboratory methods manual, soil survey investigation reportno. 42 version 4.0. natural resources conservation service,700, (2004) @No $ @ @ IITA, Selected methods for soil and plant analysis of the international institute for tropical agriculture, IITA, Ibadan,Nigeria, (1979) @No $ @ @ Mortvedt J.J. and Beaton J.D., Heavy metal and radionuclide contaminants in phosphate fertilizers, In:Tiessen (ed), phosphorus in the global environment:transfer, cycles and management, New York: Wiley,93-106 (1995) @No $ @ @ Nonga H.E., Mdegela R.H., Lie E., Sandvik M. and Skaare J.U., Assessment of farming practices and uses ofagrochemicals in Lake Manyara basin, Tanzania, Afr. J.Agric. Res. 6(10), 2216-2230, (2011) @No $ @ @ WHO/FAO, List of maximum levels recommended for contaminants by joint FAO/WHO codex alimentary commission, 2nd Series. CAC/FAI, Rome 3, 1-8, (1976) @No $ @ @ Chinese Department of Preventive Medicine, Thresholds for food hygiene, China standard press, Beijing, (1995) @No $ @ @ Jarup L., Hazards of heavy metal contamination, Brit Med Bull., 68, 167–82, (2003) @No $ @ @ ATSDR, Public health statement for cobalt,www.atsdr.cdc.gov/phs/phs.asp?id=371&tid... - United States. Accessed 28/01/2013, (2004) @No $ @ @ IPCS, (International Programme on Chemical Safety),“Cadmium, environmental health criteria” 134, Geneva,World Health Organization, http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc134htm, Accessed: 26/01/2013,(1992) @No $ @ @ Kikuchi Y., Nomiyama T., Kumagai N., Dekio F., Uemura T., Takebayashi T., Nishiwaki Y., Matsumoto Y., Sano Y.,Hosoda K., Watanabe S., Sakurai H. and Omae K., Uptakeof cadmium in meals from digestive tract of young nonsmokingJapanese female volunteers, J. Occup health, 45,43–52, (2003) @No $ @ @ Satarug S., Ujjin P., Vanavanitkun Y., Baker J.R. and Moore M.R., Influence of body iron store status and cigarette smoking on cadmium body burden of healthy Thai women and men, Toxicol Lett, 148, 177–185, (2004) @No $ @ @ WHO, Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants, (Thirty-third report of the joint FAO/WHO expert committee on food additives), WHO technical report series no. 776. Geneva, World Health Organization, (1989) @No $ @ @ Satarug S. and Moore M.R., Adverse health effects of chronic exposure to low-level cadmium in foodstuffs and cigarette smokers, environmental health perspectives.112(10), 1099–1103, (2004) @No $ @ @  Titus P., Lawrence J. and Seesahai A., Commercial cassava production, technical bulletin, www.cardi.org/.../2011/.../commercial-cassava-production-technical Accessed10/02/2013, (2011) @No $
<#LINE#>Evaluation of Thermodynamical Acoustic Parameters of Binary mixture of DBP with Toluene at 308K and at Different Frequencies<#LINE#>Mohanty@N.,R.@Paikaray<#LINE#>71-82<#LINE#>11.ISCA-RJCS-2013-052.pdf<#LINE#> Dept. of physics, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack-753003, Odisha, INDIA <#LINE#>11/4/2013<#LINE#>24/4/2013<#LINE#> Ultrasonic investigation of molecular interactions in a binary mixture of Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) with toluene is carried out at different frequencies (1MHz, 3MHz, 5MHz and 7MHz) at temperature 308K. The experimental measured values of density () and ultrasonic velocity (U) of the binary mixture has been used to compute the different acoustic parameters like isentropic compressibility () intermolecular free length (L), acoustic impedance (), their excess values,Rao’s constant (Rm), Wada’s constant (W), relative association (R), available volume(Va), molar volume(V) etc. These acoustic parameters and their excess values are used to access and explain the nature and strength of molecular interaction of DBP with toluene.  <#LINE#> @ @ Ali A. and Nain A.K., Ultrasonic  study of molecular interaction in binary liquid mixtures at 300 C, Pramana- Journal of Physics, 58(4), 695-701 (2002) @No $ @ @ Nath G., Sahu S. And Paikaray R., Study of acoustic parameters of binary mixtures of a non-polar liquid with polar liquid at different frequencies, Indian journal of physics, 83(4), 429-436 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sahu S., Nath G. and Paikaray R, Study on Molecular Interaction in Binary Mixture at Variable Frequencies Using Ultrasonic Technique, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 2(11), 64-66 (2012) @No $ @ @ Nath G., Sahu S. and Paikaray R., Acoustical investigation of molecular interaction in binary mixture of acetone and xylene a different frequencies, Journal of acoustical society of India, 35, 115-120 (2008) @No $ @ @ Natrajan R. and Ramesh P., Ultrasonic velocity determination in binary liquid mixtures, J. Pure appl. And Ind. Phys, 1(4), 252- 258 (2011) @No $ @ @ Thirumaran S., Karthikeyan N., Thermo-Acoustical and excess thermodynamic studies of ternary liquid mixtures of substituted benzenes in aqueous mixed solvent systems at 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15K., Int. J of Chem Research,. 3(3), 83-98 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kumar R., Jayakumar S. & Kannppan V., Study of molecular interactions in binary liquid mixtures, Ind. J Pure & Appl. Phys., 46,169-175 (2008) @No $ @ @ Thirumaran S., Mathammal R.  And Thenmozhi P., Acoustical and Thermodynamical properties of ternary Liquid Mixtures at 303.15 K, Chem sci. Trans., 1(3), 674-682 (2012) @No $ @ @ Dash Ashok Kumar and Paikaray Rita, Ultrasonic Study on Ternary Mixture of Diethyl Acetamide (DMAC) in Diethyl ether and Acetone, Research Journal of Physical Sciences,1(3), 1-8 (2013) @No $ @ @ Prasad N., Prakash S., Solute water interactions and the solubility behavior of long-chain paraffin hydrocarbons., Acoustica., 36, 313-319 (1976) @No $ @ @ Kannppan V. & Jaya Santhi R., Ultrasonic investigation of induced dipole-induced dipole interactions in binary liquid mixtures at 298K., Ind. J Pure & Appl. Phys., 44, 815-819 (2006) @No $ @ @ Eyring H., Kincaud J. F., Free volume and free angle ratios of molecules in liquids., J. Chem. Phys.,, 620-629 (1938) @No $ @ @ Talkar Alka , Pawer Pravin, Bichile K. Govinda , Studies of acoustic and  thermodynamic properties of citric acid in double distilled water at different temperatures, J. Chem. Phys. Res., 3(3), 165-168 (2011) @No $ @ @ Arul G. and Palaniappan, Molecular interaction studies in the ternary mixtures of cyclohexane + toluene + 2-propanol., J. Ind. Pure Appl. Physics., 39, 561-564 (2001) @No $ @ @ Gupta A. K., Kumar Krishna and Karn Kumar Birendra, Ultrasonic studies of binary liquid mixtures of o-Cresol with Ethyl methyl Ketone, Acetone, Acetophenone and ethyl acetate., J. Ind. Council. Chem., 26(1), 77-81(2009) @No $ @ @ Bhatnagar D., Joshi D., Gupta R., Kumar Yudhister, Kumar Ashok and Jain C. L., Studies on thermoacoustic parameters in binary liquid mixtures of MIBK with 1propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol at 303.15K - A new approach direct measurement of acoustic impedance, Res. J. of Chem. Sc., 1(5), 6-13 (2011) @No $ @ @ Paikaray R. and Mohanty N., Ultrasonic investigation of molecular interactions in a binary mixture of DBP with benzene at different frequencies.Journal of Acoustical Society of India 37, 7 (2010) @No $ @ @ Harish Kumar and Deepika, Thermodynamic study of binary liquid mixture of Water and DMSO at T=308.15 K, International journal of chemical science and technology, online, march (2012) @No 
<#LINE#>The Rate of Reactions of Isomeric C2H5O+  and C3H7O+  Ions with Polyethylene Glycols and Polyethylene Glycols Ethers with Fourier Transformation/Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT/ICRMS)<#LINE#>O.@OnigbindeAdebayo,B.@Munson,Amos-Tautua@,M.W.@Bamidele<#LINE#>83-88<#LINE#>12.ISCA-RJCS-2013-054.pdf<#LINE#> School of Basic Sciences, Chemistry Unit, Babcock University, Ilishan, Remo, Ogun State, NIGERIA @ Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware Newark DE, 19716, USA @ Department of Chemistry, Niger-Delta University, Bayelsa State, NIGERIA <#LINE#>16/4/2013<#LINE#>28/4/2013<#LINE#> Sample ion/sample molecule reactions occur with polar compounds under chemical ionization conditions and have been used to determine thermochemical parameters that include rate of reactions. In this paper, the bimolecular rates of reaction of the isomeric+   and C  ions at m/z 45 and m/z 59 with PEG’s and PEGDMES were studied using the FT/ICR mass spectrometer. The bimolecular rate constants of the reactions of the isomeric C+ ions with PEG oligomers were measured and were found to increase with increasing molecular weight or polarizability of the PEG oligomers. The rate constants for reactions of C from PEG and ethylene oxide were very similar for all the PEG oligomers and were relatively close to the calculated ADO values. The rate constants for reaction of C ions from dimethyl ether with ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol were significantly lower than the rate constants from the reaction with the other isomers.  Similarly, the bimolecular rate constants of the reaction of the C+ ions were measured and found to increase with increasing molecular weight of the PEGDME oligomers. The experimental rate constants are greater than their Langevin values.  <#LINE#> @ @ Harrison, A. G. Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry, nd Edn., CRC  Press, BOCA Raton, FL., (1992) @No $ @ @ Lindholm E., Mass Spectra and Appearance Potential Studies by the Use of Charge Exchange in Tandem Mass Spectrometer, In: Franklin, J.E. (ed). Ion Molecule Reactions. Plenum Press, NY, (1972) @No $ @ @ Allgood C., Yi Lin, Ma, Yee-Chung, Munson B., Benzene as A Selective Chemical Ionization Reagent, Org. Mass Spectrom 25, 497-502, (1990) @No $ @ @ Field F.H. and Munson M.S.B., Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry, I. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,32, 89 (1965) @No $ @ @ Cairns T., Siegmund E.G. and Stamp J., Evolving Criteria for Confirmation  of Trace Level Residues in Food and Drugs by Mass Spectrometry, J. Mass Spectrom Rev., , 93 (1989) @No $ @ @ Field F.H. and Lampe F.W., Reactions of Gaseous Ions, VI. Hydride Ion Transfer Reactions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 80, 5381 (1958) @No $ @ @ Park D.L., Diprossimo V., Abdel-Malek E., Truckess M., Nesheim S.,  Brumley  N.G., Sphon J.A., Barry T.L. and Petzinger G., Negative ion chemical ionization  mass spectrometric method for confirmation of identity of aflatoxin B1: Collaborative    Study, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 68, 636 (1985) @No $ @ @ Abramson F.P. and Futrell J.H., Ionic Reactions in Unsaturated Compounds, III. Propylene and the isomeric butenes, J. Phys. Chem., 72, 1994 (1968) @No $ @ @ Orlando R., Ridge D.P. and Munson B., Selective Reagents in Chemical Ionization Mass spectrometry: Tetramethylsilane with ethers, Org. Mass Spectrom., 23, 527 (1988) @No $ @ @ Rudewicz P. and Munson B., Analysis of Complex Mixtures of Ethoxylated Alcohols by Probe Distillation/Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry, Anal Chem., 58(4), 492–508 (1986) @No $ @ @ Stephanou E., Chemical Ionization Mass Spectra of Alkylphenol and Linear Alcohol Polyethoxylates, Org. Mass Spectrom., 19, 510-13 (1984) @No $ @ @ Rudewicz P. and Munson B., Effect of Ammonia Partial Pressure On Sensitivities for Oxygenated Compounds in Ammonia Chemical Ionization Mass  Spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 58, 2903-2907 (1986) @No $ @ @ Hogg A.M. and Nagabhushan T.L. Chemical Ionization Mass Spectra of Sugars, Tetrahedron Lett., 47, 4827 (1972) @No $ @ @ Eitchmann E.S and Broadbelt J.S., Functional Group-Selective Ion-Molecule Reactions of Ethylene Glycol and Its Monomethyl and Dimethyl ethers, J. Am.  Soc. Mass Spectrom.,28, 738 (1993) @No $ @ @  Lin Hung-Yu, Rockwood A.,Munson M.S.B. and Ridge D.P., Proton Affinity and Collision-Induced Decomposition of Ethoxylated Alcohols: Effects of Intra-molecular Hydrogen Bonding on Polymer Ion Collision- Induced Decomposition, Anal. Chem., 68, 2119-24 (1993) @No $ @ @ Lee Y.C., Popov A.I. and Allison J., The Mass Spectra of Crown Ethers: The Effects of Preferred Secondary Structures on Fragmentation Patterns, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Process, 51, 267-77 (1983) @No $ @ @ Blair I.A., Trenerry V.C. and Bowie J.H. Ion Cyclotron Resonance Studies of   Alkylsilyl Ions: V—The Reactions of Alcohols and Ethers with the Allyldimethylsilyl Cation,  Org. Mass Spectrom., 15, 15 (1980) @No $ @ @ Clemens D. and Munson B., Selective Reagents in Chemical Ionization Mass  Spectrometry: Tetramethylsilane, Org. Mass Spectrom., 20, 368 (1985) @No $ @ @ Trenery V.C., Bowie J.H. and Blair I.A., Electron Impact Studies: CXXXI—Ion Cyclotron Resonance Studies of Ambident Nucleophiles, The Reaction Between  the Thioacetate Anion and Thioacetic Anhydride, A further example of a  negative ion McLafferty rearrangement, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans., , 1640 (1979) @No $ @ @ Orlando R. and Munson B. Trimethylsilyl Ions for Selective Detection ofOxygenated Compounds in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography Chemical Ionization, Anal. Chem., 58, 2788, (1986) @No $ @ @ Onigbinde, A.O; Munson, B and Amos-Tautua, B. M.W. Gas Chromatography/Chemical Ionization of Oligomeric Polyethylene Glycol Mono  Alkyl and Diakyl Ethers, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,3(2), 4-9 (2013) @No $ @ @ Onigbinde A.O., Munson B. and Amos-Tautua B.M.W., Structural Identification of C and C Ions Obtained from Polyethylene Glycols and Polyethylene Glycol Dialkyl Ethers, Submitted for publication in Res.J. Chem. (2013) @No $ @ @ Pan Y. and Ridge D.P., A method of rate constant measurement in Fourier   transform ion  cyclotron resonance pulsed valve experiments, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.,114,  2773 (1992) @No $ @ @ Miller K.J. and Savitch J.A., A New Empirical Method to Calculate Average Molecular Polarizability, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 101, 24 (1979) @No $ @ @ Hatch F. and Munson B.J., Relative rate constants for reactions of CH and C with hydrocarbons by gas chromatography-chemical ionization mass spectrometry, J. Phys. Chem., 82, 2362 (1978) @No $ @ @ McClellan A.L., Tables of Experimental Dipole Moments, W.H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco, USA, (1963) @No $ @ @ Bass L., Su T. and Bowers M.T., A modification of the average Dipole orientation theory:cosØ model, Chem. Phys. Lett., 34, 119 (1975) @No 
<#LINE#>Production of Organic Fertilizer by Vermi-Composting Method<#LINE#>A.@Gnanaprakasam,T.@Kannadasan,ManojK.V.@Prasath,AshifA.@Syed,K.@Elangovan<#LINE#>89-92<#LINE#>13.ISCA-RJCS-2013-056.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemical Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA<#LINE#>18/4/2013<#LINE#>5/5/2013<#LINE#> To obtain organic fertilizer of high NPK content by employing the vermi-composting technique. The sample which we used consists of various organic wastes, dungs and waste water sludge. And the earthworm employed for vermi composting process was Eisenia foetida.  As a result of vermi composting process the fertilizer obtained consists of 2.15% nitrogen, 2.10% phosphorous and 2.15% potassium. Also a case study on the growth of red spinach plant was observed by blending the organic fertilizer with that of the chemical fertilizer and compared with the growth of the blended proportion with biological fertilizer.  <#LINE#> @ @ Nitish Prakash Pandit, Vermicomposting Biotechnology: An Eco-Loving Approach for Recycling of Solid Organic Wastes into Valuable Biofertilizers (2012) @No $ @ @ Kuppuraj Rajasekar, Microbial Enrichment of Vermi Compost (2012) @No $ @ @ Prabha K. Padmavathiamma, An experimental study of vermi-biowaste composting for agricultural soil improvement (2007) @No $ @ @ Zularism A.W. and Zakaria I., Production of Organic Fertilizer from vermicomposting process of Municipal Sewage Sludge (2010) @No $ @ @ Boraste A. and Vamsi K.K., Biofertilizer an tool for agriculture (2009) @No $ @ @ Pradeepa V., Leishipem Ningshen, Preparation of vermicompost from food wastes and enrichment using bio-fertilizers for germination study of Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp (2011) @No $ @ @ Munnoli P.M. and Saroj Bhosle, Effect of Soil and cow dung proportion on vermi-composting by deep burrower and surface feeder species (2008) @No $ @ @ Siti zahirah binti zulkapri, Production of bio-fertilizer from vermi-composting process of Municipal sludge (2009) @No $ @ @ Ghosh M., Chattopadhyay G.N. and Baral K., Transformation of Phosphorus during Vermicomposting, Bioresour. Technol., 69, 149-154 (1999) @No
<#LINE#>Elimination of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions using Zeolite LTA Synthesized from Sudanese Clay<#LINE#>M.A.@Ismail,M.A.Z.@Eltayeb,S.A.@AbdelMaged<#LINE#>93-98<#LINE#>14.ISCA-RJCS-2013-065.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al Neelain University, Khartoum 11121,SUDAN<#LINE#>27/4/2013<#LINE#>9/5/2013<#LINE#> The synthesis of zeolite LTA from Sudanese clay has been studied by hydrothermal treatment with various sodium hydroxide concentrations. The process for synthesis  have been optimized to produce zeolite LTA at economical manner. Also, the chemical composition of clay and synthesized zeolite were investigated and they were analyzed using the  X-ray  Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Flourence (XRF). It was found that, the  Zeolite LTA was successfully synthesized under controlled conditions (750 C/1h) for the clay calcination, 100C/2h for the reaction time, temperature and 5 M NaOH for the alkali concentration. The removal capacity for Pb2+ was 99.99 % and for  Zn2+  was 95.68. <#LINE#> @ @ Abii T.A., Levels of Heavy Metals (Cr, Pb, Cd) Available for Plants within Abandoned Mechanic Workshops in Umuahia Metropolis, Res. J .Chem. Sci., 2(2), 79-82 (2012) @No $ @ @ Shaikh Parveen R. and Bhosle Arjun B., Heavy Metal Contamination in Soils near Siddheshwar Dam Maharashtra, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 3(1), 6-9 (2013) @No $ @ @ Bride M.B., Environmental Chemistry of Soils, Oxford University Press, New York,14, 310 (1994) @No $ @ @ Kumar Sukender, Singh Jaspreet, Das Sneha and Garg Munish, AAS Estimation of Heavy Metals and Trace elements in Indian Herbal Cosmetic Preparations, Res. J. Chem.Sci., 2(3), 46-51 (2012) @No $ @ @ Eruola A.O., Ufoegbune G.C., Eruola A.O., Awomeso J.A.and Abhulimen S.A., Assessment of Cadmium, Lead and Iron in Hand Dug Wells of Ilaro and Aiyetoro, Ogun State, South-Western Nigeria, Res. J. of Chem. Sci., 1(9), 1-5 (2011) @No $ @ @ Eruola A.O., Ufoegbune G.C., Eruola A.O., Awomeso J.A. and Abhulimen S.A., Assessment of Cadmium, Lead and Iron in Hand Dug Wells of Ilaro and Aiyetoro, Ogun State, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(9), 1-5 (2011) @No $ @ @ Clayton G.D., Clayton F.E., Patty’s Industrial Hygiene Toxicology, 4th ed., A Wiley-Interscience Publication, NewYork.,2157-2173 (1994) @No $ @ @ Bhattacharya Tanushree, Chakraborty S., Fadadu Bhumika  and BhattacharyaPiyal, Res. J. Chem.Sci. 1(5), 61-66 (2011) @No $ @ @ Farooq U., Kozinski J.A., Khan M.A. and Athar M.,Biosorption of heavy metal ions using wheat based biosorbent : a review of the recent literature, Bioresource Tech., 101, 5043–5053 (2010) @No $ @ @ Faust S.D., and Aly O.M., Adsorption Processes for Water Treatment, Butterworth Publishers, Boston ,,27 (1987) @No $ @ @ Kalavathy M.H., Karthikeyan T., Rajgopal S.,  Miranda L.R., Mobile Crystalline of materials, J. Coll. Interf. Sci. 292, 354–362 (2005) @No $ @ @ Sharma Y.C., Prasad G., Rupainwar D.C., Removal of some heavy metals from sewage wastewater, Int. J. Environ. 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Chem.Sci.,2(6), 6-11(2012) @No $ @ @ Wan Ngah W.S., Hanafiah MAKM Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater by chemically modified plant wastes as adsorbents: a review, Bioresource Tech., 99, 3935–3948 (2008) @No $ @ @ Gupta V.K., Sharma S., Removal of Zinc from aqueous solutions using bagasse fly ash-a low cost adsorbent, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.,42(25), 6619–6624 (2003) @No $ @ @ Breck D.W., Zeolite Molecular Sieves, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 10, 122 (1974) @No $ @ @ Dyer A., An Introduction to Zeolite Molecular Sieves, John Wiley and Sons, Brisbane,22, 149 (1988) @No $ @ @ Querol X., Moreno N., Umaña J. C., Alastuey A., Hernández E., López-Soler A. and Plana F., Synthesis of zeolites from coalfly ash, Int. J. Coal Geol., 50(1-4), 413-423 (. 2002) @No $ @ @ Anuwattana R. and Khummongkol P., Conventional hydrothermal zeolite from cupola slag and aluminum sludge, J. Hazard. 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@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Non-Conventional Seed Oils as Potential Feedstocks for Future Biodiesel Industries: A Brief Review<#LINE#>Sanjay@Basumatary<#LINE#>99-103<#LINE#>15.ISCA-RJCS-2013-058.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemistry, Bineswar Brahma Engineering College, Kokrajhar-783 370, Assam, INDIA<#LINE#>20/4/2013<#LINE#>5/5/2013<#LINE#> Due to rapid development, the worldwide demand for biodiesel as an alternative to the conventional transport fuel, petrodiesel for diesel engines, is increasing because of the limited reserves of fossil fuels, increasing prices of crude oils and environmental concerns.The use of edible vegetable oils for biodiesel production is not feasible as the demand for edible vegetable oils is tremendously increasing. Prime importance is given to alternative biodiesel feedstocks like non-conventional seed oils as these oils will not cause food crisis leading to economic imbalance. In this review paper, an attempt is being taken to identify non-conventional oils with their oil contents for future biodiesel industries.   <#LINE#> @ @ Deka D.C., Basumatary S., High quality biodiesel from yellow oleander (Thevetia peruviana) seed oil, Biomass Bioenergy, 35, 1797-1803 (2011) @No $ @ @ Basumatary S., Non-Edible Oils of Assam as Potential Feedstocks for Biodiesel Production: A Review, J. Chem. Bio. Phy. Sci., 3(1), 551-558 (2012-2013) @No $ @ @  Basumatary S., Deka Dinesh C., Deka Dibakar C., Composition of biodiesel from Gmelina arborea seed oil, Adv. Appl. Sci. Res., 3(5), 2745-2753 (2012) @No $ @ @ Basumatary S., Barua P., Deka D.C., Identification of chemical composition of biodiesel from Tabernaemontana divaricata seed oil, J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 5(1), 172-179 2013) @No $ @ @  Basumatary S., Transesterification with heterogeneous catalyst in production of biodiesel: A Review, J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 5(1), 1-7 (2013) @No $ @ @ Basumatary S., Deka D.C., Identification of fatty acid methyl esters in biodiesel from Pithecellobium monadelphum seed oil, Der Chemica Sinica, 3(6), 1384-1393 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mishra S.R., Mohanty M.K., Das S.P., Pattanaik A.K., Production of biodiesel (methyl ester) from simarouba glauca oil, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(5), 66-71 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sahoo P.K., Das L.M., Naik S.N., Biodiesel development from high acid value polanga seed oil and performance evaluation in a CI engine, Fuel, 86, 448-454 (2007) @No $ @ @ Raheman H., Phadatare A.G., Diesel engine emissions and performance from blends of karanja methyl ester and diesel, Biomass Bioenergy, 27, 393-397 (2004) @No $ @ @ Rajagopal K., Bindu C., Prasad R.B.N., Ahmad A., Cloud point of biodiesel and blends, J. Chem. Bio. Phy. 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