International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Green catalytic Polymerization of Styrene in the Vapor phase over Alumina

    , , , ,

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli-627012, Tamilnadu, INDIA

Res.J.chem.sci., Volume 2, Issue (7), Pages 27-35, July,18 (2012)

Abstract

In the present work, a new technique for the polymerization of styrene in vapor phase without any added solvent is proposed. The acidic and basic alumina was used as heterogeneous catalysts in this reaction. These catalysts were packed in the vapor phase reactor and the styrene vapor was allowed to pass through the catalytic bed at various temperatures. Both anionic and cationic polymerizations have been carried out in the presence of acidic Al2O3 and basic Al respectively. Beyond using various hazardous solvents and catalysts in the styrene polymerization reactions, the new vapor phase polymerization technique provides a right way to carry out the polymerization reactions in an environmental friendly method. The optimization of various experimental conditions like effect of contact time, temperature, monomer dosage, catalyst dosage and time on stream have also been investigated for maximum conversion of both catalysts. The resulting polystyrene structure was confirmed by FTIR spectral analysis. The molecular weight of the polystyrene was determined at various polymerization temperatures. The high molecular weights of 3.1x105 and 2.8x105 were obtained for acidic and basic alumina respectively at 150oC.

References

  1. Deepshikha and BasuT., The Role of Structure Directing Agents on Chemical Switching Properties of Nanostructured Conducting Polyaniline (NSPANI), Res.J.Chem.Sci., 1(6), 20-29 (2011)
  2. Noor Ainee Zainol, Hamidi Abdul Aziz, Mohd Suffian Yusoff and Muhammad Umar The use of Polyaluminum Chloride for the treatment of Landfill Leachate via Coagulation and Flocculation processes, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 1(3), 34 (2011)
  3. Deshpande A.D and Gogte B.B., Novel Polymeric Surfactants Based on Oxalic Acid and Citric Acid for Detergents, Res.J.Chem.Sci.,1(6), 42-47 (2011)
  4. Manimaran N., Rajendran S, Manivannan M and John Mary S, Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel by Polyacrylamide, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 2(3), 52-57 (2012)
  5. Ghosh Pranab, Das Tapan and Das Moumita, Evaluation of Poly (acrylates) and their Copolymer as Viscosity Modifiers, Res.J.Chem.Sci.,1(3), 18 (2011)
  6. Deshpande D.P., Warfade V.V., Amaley S.H. and Lokhande D.D., Petro-Chemical Feed stock from Plastic Waste, Res.J.Recent Sci.,1(3), 63-67 (2012)
  7. Tandel R.C., Gohil Jayvirsinh and Patel Nilesh K. Synthesis and Study of Main Chain Chalcone Polymers Exhibiting Nematic Phases, Res.J.Recent.Sci. 1(ISC-2011), 122-127 (2012)
  8. Ewen J.A., Novel method for plastic production, Science (in Chinese),, 34 (1997)
  9. Brintzinger H.H., Fischer D., Mulhaupt R., Rieger B and Waymouth R.M., Metallocene Catalysts for Stereoregular Polymerization, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 34, 1143 (1995)
  10. Kaminsky W., New Materials by Polymerization of Olefins and Styrene by Metallocene/MAO Catalysts, J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci.,2, 1 (2001)
  11. Matyjaszewski K., Atom transfer radical polymerization, role of various components and reaction conditions, Polym. Prepr,38, 736 (1997)
  12. Xiaolong W., Baibing N. I., Yanfei L and Shengkang Y., Synthesis of polystyrene with high melting temperature through BDE/CuCl catalyzed polymerization, Sci. China. Ser B. 44, 69 (2001)
  13. Percec V. and Barboiu B., Living" Radical Polymerization of Styrene Initiated by Arenesulfonyl Chlorides and CuI(bpy)nCl, Macromolecules, 287970 (1995)
  14. Percec V., Barboiu B., Neumann A., Ronda J. C. and Zhao M., Metal-Catalyzed “Living” Radical Polymerization of Styrene Initiated with Arenesulfonyl Chlorides. From Heterogeneous to Homogeneous Catalysis, Macromolecules, 293665 (1996)
  15. Matyjaszewski K., Wei M., Xia J. and McDermott N. E., Controlled/“Living” Radical Polymerization of Styrene and Methyl Methacrylate Catalyzed by Iron Complexes, Macromolecules, 30, 8161(1997)
  16. Zhang H., Hong K. and Mays J.W., Free Radical Polymerization of Styrene and Methyl Methacrylate in Various Room Temperature Ionic Liquids, ACS Symp. Ser. Washington, DC, (2005)
  17. Vijayaraghavan R., Pringle J.M.andMacFarlane D.R., Anionic polymerization of styrene in ionic liquidsEur. Polym. J. 44, 1758 (2008)
  18. Szwarc M., ‘Living’ Polymers, Nature. 178, 1168 (1956)
  19. Szwarc M., Levy M. and Milkovich R., Polymerization Initiated by Electron Transfer To Monomer. A New Method of Formation of Block Polymers, J. Am. Chem.Soc. 78, 2656 (1956)
  20. Hadjikyriacou S., Acar M., Faust R., Living and Controlled Polymerization of Isobutylene with Alkylaluminum Halides as Coinitiators, Macromolecules. 37, 7543 (2004)
  21. Aoshima S., Segawa Y. and Okada Y., Cationic polymerization of styrene in the presence of added base: Living nature of the propagating species and synthesis of poly (vinyl alcohol)-graft-polystyrene, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.,39751 (2001)
  22. Sage V., Clark J. H., Macquarrie D. J., Supported copper triflate as catalyst for the cationic polymerization of styrene, J. Catal,.227, 502 (2004)
  23. Sage V., Clark J.H., Macquarrie D.J., Cationic polymerization of styrene using mesoporous silica supported aluminum chloride, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem.198, 349 (2003)
  24. Billmeyer F. W., Textbook of polymer science, John Wiley & Sons, Singapore, (2003)
  25. Schellenberg J., Tomotsu N., Syndiotactic polystyrene catalysts and polymerization, Prog. Polym. Sci.,27, 1925 (2002)
  26. Mayo F.R., Chain Transfer in the Polymerization of Styrene: The Reaction of Solvents with Free Radicals, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 65, 2324 (1943)
  27. Smith C.G., Analysis of synthetic polymers and rubbers, Anal. Chem.,65, 217R–43R (1993)
  28. Saikia B. J. and Parthasarathy G., Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Characterization of Kaolinite from Assam and Meghalaya, Northeastern India, J. Mod. Phys., 206 (2010)
  29. Kannan C., Sundaram T. and Palvannan T., Environmentally stable adsorbent of tetrahedral silica and non-tetrahedral alumina for removal and recovery of malachite green dye from aqueous solution, J. Hazard. Mater.,157, 137 (2008)
  30. Huang Z. L., Liu L. X., Lei H., Zhao Y. D.,Vibrational spectroscopic encoding of polystyrene resin bead: a combined FT-IR and computational study J. Mol. Struct.,738, 155 (2005)