@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Assessment of Cadmium, Lead and Iron in Hand Dug Wells of Ilaro and Aiyetoro, Ogun State, South-Western Nigeria<#LINE#>A.O.@Eruola,G.C.@Ufoegbune,Eruola@A.O.,J.A.@Awomeso,S.A.@Abhulimen<#LINE#>1-5<#LINE#>01.ISCA-RJCS-2011-88.pdf<#LINE#>University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, NIGERIA @ Yaba College of Technology, Lagos State, NIGERIA<#LINE#>14/9/2011<#LINE#>20/9/2011<#LINE#> Cadmium, lead and iron in hand dug wells were assessed in Ilaro and Aiyetoro area of Ogun state. The mean ± S.D of the results obtained were cadmium 0.017±0.016 mg/l, lead 0.229±0.061 mg/l; Iron 1.076±2.393 mg/l. It was observed that all the parameters were higher than the standard limits specified for drinking water by WHO. Hence, the well water in the study location is unsuitable for drinking.<#LINE#> @ @ Mendie U., The Nature of Water. In: The Theory and Practice of Clean Water Production for Domestic and Industrial Use, Lagos: Lacto-Medals Publishers, 1-21. (2005) @No $ @ @ IDLO, Water Tenure Reform and Pubic Access to Water as a Basic Need, Int. Dev. Law Org. Voice of Dev. Jurists Series(2006) @No $ @ @ World Health Organization, Guideline for drinking water quality, Third edition, WHO press, Geneva, Switzerland,  Geneva 21-25 September  1992, 398 (2006) @No $ @ @ Orisakwe O.E., Igwilo I.O., Afonne O.J., Maduabuchi J.U., Obi E. and Nduka J.C. Heavy metal hazard of sachet water in Nigeria, Arch. Environ. Occup. Hlth.,61(5), 209-213(2006) @No $ @ @ HammerM.J. and Hamme M.J., Jr., Water quality in: Water and Waste water Technology, 5th Edn. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 139-159 (2004) @No $ @ @ Akpoveta O. Vincent, Egharevba Felix, Medjor O. Weltime, Microbial Degradation and its Kinetics on Crude Oil Polluted Soil,  Res. J. Chem. Sci.,1(6), 8-14 (2011) @No $ @ @ Adepoju-Bello A.A. and Alabi O.M., Heavy metals: A review, The Nig. J. Pharm., 37, 41-45 (2005) @No $ @ @ Gabriel Ike Obiefuna and Donatus Maduka Orazulike, The use of Anion Geochemistry in Mapping Groundwater Facies of Yola Area, NE Nigeria, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,1(6), 30-41 (2011) @No $ @ @ Zietz B.P., Lap J. and Suchenwirth R., Assessment and Management of tap water contamination in lower saxon, German, Int. J. Env.  Hlth Res,17(6), 407-418 (2007) @No $ @ @ Needleman H.L., The current status of childhood lowlevel lead toxicity,  Neuro tox.,14,161-166 (1993) @No $ @ @ Yule W. and Rutter M, Effect on children behavior and cognitive  performance: aritical review, In Dietary and Environmental lead (Pb): Human health effect. R. Mahaffey, (Ed.), New York: Elesvier, 211-251 (1985) @No $ @ @ Needleman H.L., Schell A., Bellinger D., Leviton A. and Allred E. N., The long-termeffects of exposure to low doses of lead in childhood, An 11-year follow-up report,  New Eng. J. of Med.,322(2), 83–88 (1990) @No $ @ @ World Health Organization, Guideline for drinking water quality, Revision of the  1984 guidelines final task group meeting  Geneva 21-25 September (1993) @No $ @ @ World Health Organization WHO, Guidelinefor drinking water, 2nd edition vol. 2 Health criteria and other supporting information. Geneva, Switzerland, 940-9, Addendum to, 281-3 (1996) @No $ @ @ World Health Organization, Water for Pharmaceutical Use. In: Quality Assurance of Pharmaceuticals: A Compendium of Guidelines and Related Materials. 2nd Updated Edn. World Health Organisation, Geneva, , 170-187. (2007) @No
<#LINE#>Computational Molecular Nanoscience: A Study of the Molecular Structure and Properties of a RAFT Polymerization Agent<#LINE#>D.@Glossman-Mitnik<#LINE#>6-10<#LINE#>02.ISCA-RJCS-2011-133.pdf<#LINE#>NANOCOSMOS Virtual Lab - Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C., M. de Cervantes 120,  Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Chih. 31109, MEXICO <#LINE#>13/7/2011<#LINE#>01/8/2011<#LINE#> In this work, we make use of a model chemistry within Density Functional Theory (DFT) recently presented, which is called M05-2X, to calculate the molecular structure of dibenzyl trithiocarbonate (DBTTC), as well to predict its infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV-Vis) spectra, the dipole moment and electrical polarizability and static first hyperpolarizability. <#LINE#> @ @ Han D., Yang, L., Zhang X., and Pan C.,  Synthesis and Characterization of  Polystyrene--Tetraaniline Stars from Polystyrene Stars with Surface Reactive Groups prepared by RAFT Polymerization, European Polymer Journal(43), 3873-3881 (2007) @No $ @ @ Han D., and Pan C., A Novel Strategy for Synthesis of Amphiphilic -shaped Copolymers by RAFT Polymerization, European Polymer Journal(42), 507-515 (2006) @No $ @ @ Zhao Y. and  Truhlar D.G., Density Functionals with Broad Applicability in Chemistry,  Acc. Chem. Res. and references therein, (41), 157-167 (2008) @No $ @ @ Lynch  B-J., Zhao Y.  and Truhlar D.G., Effectiveness of Diffuse Basis Functions for Calculating Relative Energies by Density Functional Theory, J. Phys. Chem A.,(107), 1384-1388  (2003) @No $ @ @ Tomasi J., Mennucci B. and  Cancès, E., The IEF Version of the PCM Solvation Method: An Overview of a New Method Addressed to Study Molecular Solutes at the QM ab initio Level, J. Mol. Struct., Theochem,(464), 211 (1999) @No $ @ @ Gaussian, Revision A1, Frisch M.J., Trucks, G.W., Schlegel, H.B., Scuseria G.E., Robb M.A., Cheeseman J.R., Scalmani G., Barone V., Mennucci B., Petersson G.A., Nakatsuji H., Caricato M., Li, X., Hratchian H.P., Izmaylov A.F., Bloino J., Zheng G., Sonnenberg J.L., Hada M., Ehara M., Toyota K., Fukuda R., Hasegawa J., Ishida M., Nakajima T., HondaY., Kitao O., Nakai H., Vreven T., Montgomery Jr., J. A., Peralta J.E., Ogliaro F., Bearpark M., Heyd J.J., Brothers E., Kudin K.N., Staroverov V.N., Kobayashi R., Normand J., Raghavachari K., Rendell A., Burant J.C., Iyengar S.S., Tomasi J., Cossi M., Rega N., Millam N.J., Klene M., Knox J.E., Cross J.B., Bakken V., Adamo C., Jaramillo J., Gomperts R., Stratmann R.E., Yazyev O., Austin A.J., Cammi R., Pomelli C., Ochterski J.W., Martin R.L., Morokuma K., Zakrzewski V.G., Voth G.A., Salvador P., Dannenberg J.J., Dapprich S., Daniels A.D., Farkas Ö., Foresman J.B., Ortiz J.V., Cioslowski J., Fox D.J., Gaussian Inc., Wallingford CT, (2009) @No $ @ @ Lewars E., Computational Chemistry - Introduction to the Theory and Applications of Molecular and   Quantum Mechanics, Kluwer Academic Publishers, (2003) @No $ @ @ Ruiz-Anchondo T. and  Glossman-Mitnik D., Computational Molecular Characterization of the     - Carotene Molecule, Journal of Molecular StructureTheochem,(913), 215-220 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ruiz-Anchondo T., Flores-Holguín and  Glossman-Mitnik D., Natural Carotenoids as Precursors of Nanomaterials for Molecular Photovoltaics: A Computational DFT Study, Molecules,(15), 4490-4510 (2010) @No $ @ @ Flores-Holguín N., Rodríguez-Valdez L.M. and Glossman-Mitnik D., Computational Study of 3, 4-Diphenyl-4-(4-Metoxyphenyl)1,2,5-Thiadiazoline 1,1-Dioxide for Molecular Photovoltaics, Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience,8(1), 74-79  (2011) @No
<#LINE#>Effect of Hydrogen Bonding and Solvation of 5-Substituted Indole Carboxldehydes in Methanol-Benzene<#LINE#>L.C.@Heda,Rashmi@Sharma,Pramod B.@Chaudhari<#LINE#>11-16<#LINE#>03.ISCA-RJCS-2011-147.pdf<#LINE#>Research Laboratory, S. D. Govt. College, Beawar, 305901, Rajasthan, INDIA <#LINE#>8/8/2011<#LINE#>25/8/2011<#LINE#> Effect of hydrogen bonding of 5-substituted indole carboxaldehyde has been investigated by viscometric measurement. The viscosity of the system increases with the increase in concentration. The Trend Change Point (TCP) values have been determined by intersection of two straight lines, which are found to be dependent on the composition of solvent mixtures. The study confirms that the nature of synthesized compounds forms clusters in methanol-benzene mixture. The viscometric data have been analyzed in terms of Einstein, Vand, Moulik and Jones-Dole equations. These well known equations have been successfully applied to explain the results of viscosity measurements and the viscometric parameters show that the behavior of compound changes in alcohol-benzene. These results show that the formation of cluster depends on the methanol concentration. This indicates that the observed methanol concentration effect on the formation of clusters interferences in formation of hydrogen bonding of methanol with molecule. <#LINE#> @ @ Hobza P. and Zahradnik R., Intermolecular complexes,Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1(25), (1988) @No $ @ @ Tetsuo Koyama and Akihiro Wakisaka, Molecular self-assembly composed of aromatic hydrogen-bond donor-acceptor complexes, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans.,93(21), 3813-3817(1997) @No $ @ @ Herskovits T.T. and Kelly T.M. Viscosity studies of aqueous solutions of alcohols, ureas and amides, J. Phys. Chem., 77381-388 (1973) @No $ @ @ Klofutar C., Paljk S., Kremser D., Partial molar volumes and viscosity  coefficients of tri--dodecyl-, tri-decyl-, tri--octyl- and tri--hexyl-amines in benzene solutions, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 37, 1729-1732 (1975) @No $ @ @ Oswal S.L., Desai J.S., Ijardar S.P., Studies of viscosities of dilute solutions of alkylamine in non-electrolyte solvents, Themochimica Acta, 423, 29-41 (2004) @No $ @ @ Claudia R. Rivarola, Carlos A., Chesta and Carlos M. Previtali, The quenching of indolic compounds by monosubstituted benzenes and the photoreaction with chlorobenzene, Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.,893-897 (2003) @No $ @ @ Hershberger M.V., Lumry R. and Verrall R., The 3-methylindole/n-butanol exciplexes: evidence for two exiplexes sites in indole compounds, Photochem. Photobiol., 33609-617(1981) @No $ @ @ Vincent M., Gallay J. and Demchenko A.P., Solvent Relaxation around the Excited State of Indole: Analysis of Fluorescence Lifetime Distributions and Time-Dependence Spectral Shifts, J. Phys. Chem., 99, 14931-14941 (1995) @No $ @ @ Van Duuren B.L., Solvent Effects in the Fluorescence of Indole and Substituted IndolesJ. Org. Chem., 262954-2960 (1961) @No $ @ @ Montoro J., Jouvet J., Lopez-Campillo A. and Soep B., Comparison of hydrogen bond formation of indole in solution and in a supersonic expansion, J. phys. Chem.,873582-3584 (1983) @No $ @ @ Nibu Y., Abe H., Mikami N. and Ito M., Fluorescence excitation spectra of hydrogen-bonded phenols in a supersonic free jet, J. Phys. Chem., 861768-1717 (1982) @No $ @ @ Amirav A., Even, U. and Jortner J., Electronic-vibrational excitations of aromatic molecules in large argon clusters,J. Phys. Chem., 863345-3358 (1982) @No $ @ @ Hager J. Wallace S.C., Laser spectroscopy and photodynamics of indole and indole-van der Waals molecules in a supersonic beam, J. Phys. Chem.,  87, 2121-2127 (1983) @No $ @ @ Hager J. and Wallace S.C., Supersonic beam studies of hydrogen-bonded indoles: relative interaction strengths, J. Phys. Chem., 885513-5519 (1984) @No $ @ @ Thesing J., Sembler, G., and Mohr, G., Contributions to the chemistry of indole, XIII, 2) A new synthesis of 5 - and 7-substituted indoles 3)Chem. Ber., 95, 2205 (1962) @No $ @ @ Duflos M., Marie–Renee, Nourrisson J., Brelet J., Courant, Guillaume Le Baut, N. Grimoud, Jean – Yves Petit., N-pyridinyl-indole-3-(alkyl) carboxamides and derivatives as potential systemic and topical inflammation inhibitors,Eur. J. Med. Chem.,36 545(2001) @No $ @ @ Heda L.C., Rashmi Sharma, Pareek C., Chaudhari P. B., Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Derivatives of 5-Substituted Indole Dihydropyrimidines, E-Journal of Chemistry,6(3), 770-774 (2009) @No $ @ @ Einstein A., A new determination of Molecular Dimensions,Annalen Der Physik,19 289 (1906) @No $ @ @ Thomas D.G.,Transport characteristics of suspension: VIII. A note on the viscosity of Newtonian suspensions of uniform spherical particles, J Colloid Sci., 20, 267 (1965) @No $ @ @ Moulik S.P., Proposed viscosity-concentration equation beyond Einstein's region, The J. Physical Chemistry,72,4682 (1968) @No $ @ @ Jones G., Dole M., The viscosity of aqueous solutions of strong electrolytes with special reference to barium chloride, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 51, 2950 (1929) @No
<#LINE#>Thermal Diffusivity Behavior of Guadua angustifolia Kunth as a Function of Culm Zone and Moisture Content<#LINE#>F.@Gordillo-Delgadoa,E.@Marinb,D.M.@Cortés-Hernández<#LINE#>17-23<#LINE#>04.ISCA-RJCS-2011-149.pdf<#LINE#>Laboratorio de Optoelectrónica, Universidad del Quindío Apdo. Postal 2639 Armenia, COLOMBIA @ Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada del I.P.N, Unidad Legaria. 694, Col. Irrigación, D.F, MÉXICO<#LINE#>9/8/2011<#LINE#>6/09/2011<#LINE#> Guadua angustifolia Kunth is a giant graminea native of Central and South America. This plant captures a lot of carbon dioxide and protects hydrographic watersheds. For this reason, the growing of Guadua a. is considered environmentally favorable. Furthermore, the use of this forest resource as a structural and decorative element for building has been promoting recently due to its special physical characteristics. However, nowadays much of the production chain is inefficiently oriented by empirical and traditional knowledge. In particular, the drying process exerts influence on cracks that disqualifies the material for some artistic and industrial applications. Thermal characterization allows making models for drying according to particular characteristics of the material. Knowledge of thermal properties is also important for applications in which heat transfer can play an important role, such as in buildings. In this work, thermal diffusivity was measured as a function of the moisture content obtained during the drying process in samples of Guadua a. taking from the bottom, middle and top culm regions of the plants. Measurements were performed using the photoacoustic technique. Results show that thermal diffusivity increases with the moisture content but its value becomes the same along the bamboo. This behavior is highly correlated with the morpho-anatomical characteristics of the plant, which were determined through scanning electron microscopy. <#LINE#> @ @  Chauhan L., Dhawan S., Gupta S., Effect of age on anatomical and physicomechanical properties of three Indian bamboo species, J. of the TDA, 46, 11-7 (2000) @No $ @ @  Lakkad S.C., Patel J.M., Mechanical properties of bamboo, a natural composite, Fiber Sci. Technol, 14, 319-322 (1980) @No $ @ @ Chung K.F., Yu W.K., Mechanical properties of structural bamboo for bamboo Scaffoldings, Eng. Struct., 24, 429-442 (2002) @No $ @ @  Ngohe-Ekam P.S., Meukam P., Menguy G., Girard P., Thermophysical characterization of tropical wood used as building materials: With respect to the basal density, Constr. Build. Mater, 20, 929–938 (2006) @No $ @ @  Carslaw H.S., Jaeger J.C., Conduction of Heat in Solids. Clarendon Press, Oxford (1986) @No $ @ @  Almond D.P., Patel P.M., Photothermal Sciences and Techniques, Chapman &Hall, London (1996) @No $ @ @  Rosencwaig A., Photoacoustic spectroscopy of solids, Phys. Today, 28, 23-28 (1975) @No $ @ @  Salazar A. On thermal diffusivity, Eur. J. Phys., 24, 351-358 (2003) @No $ @ @  Marin E. The role of thermal properties in periodic time-varying phenomena, Eur. J. Phys., 28, 429-445 (2007) @No $ @ @  Chen G.Q., Hua Y.K., A study of new bamboo-based composite panels (II), J. Bamboo Res., 10, 72-78 (1991) @No $ @ @  Abd. Latif M., Ashaari A., Jamaludin K, Mohd.Zin J., Effects of anatomical characteristics on the physical and mechanical properties of Bambusa bluemeana, J. Tropical Forest Sci., , 159-170 (1993) @No $ @ @  Rosencwaig A, Gersho A., Theory of the photoacoustic effect with solids, J. Appl. Phys., 47, 64-69 (1976) @No $ @ @  Mansanares A.M., Bento A.C., Vargas H., Leite N.F., Miranda L.C.M., Photoacoustic measurement of the thermal properties of two-layer systems, Phys. Rev. B, 42, 4477-4487 (1990) @No $ @ @  Bogner A., Jouneau P.H., Thollet G., Basset D., Gauthier C., History of scanning electron microscopy developments: Towards ‘‘wet-STEM’’ imaging, Micron., 38, 390–401 (2007) @No $ @ @  Ferreira S.O., Ying C., Bandera I.N., Vargas H., Miranda LCM., Photoacoustic Measurement of the Thermal Diffusivity of Pb1-xSnxTe Alloys, Phys. Rev. B, 39, 1967-1970 (1998) @No $ @ @  Zárate-Rincón F., Gordillo-Delgado F., Bedoya-Pérez AF, Montoya Arango JA, Ariza-Calderón H. Revista Colombiana de Física (In Spanish). Forthcoming (2012) @No $ @ @  Choy T.C., Effective Medium Theory: Principles and Applications, Clarendon Press, Oxford (1999) @No $ @ @  Balderas-López J.A., Tomas S.A., Vargas H., Olalde-Portugal V., Baquero R., Delgadillo I., et al., Photoacoustic thermal characterization of wood, Forest Prod. J., 46, 84-89 (1996) @No $ @ @  Touloukian Y.S., Powell R.W., Ho C.Y., Nicolaou M.C., Thermal diffusivity, Vol. 10 of Thermophysical Properties of Matter: The TPRC Data Series, IFI/Plenum, New York (1973) @No
<#LINE#>Effect of fly Ash Pollution on Fish Scales<#LINE#>Shikha@Shrivastava,Sushma@Dwivedi<#LINE#>24-28<#LINE#>05.ISCA-RJCS-2011-154.pdf<#LINE#>Govt. V.Y.T. P.G. Autonomous Collage, Durg, C.G., INDIA <#LINE#>12/8/2011<#LINE#>25/8/2011<#LINE#> Fly ash is a major pollutant containing As ,Cd, Zn, Cr, Co, Pb and Hg .When this pollutant finds its way in water ,it is bound to effect the fauna living there. Thus, the fishes were studied to see the effect of fly ash on them. The scales are the outer most extremities and the first structural protective layer for fishes. Thus its effect on scales was selected for this study. The study was done on Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambica) for 6 month exposure. In this study the changes of ultra structure of fish scales were observed. <#LINE#> @ @ James M., Mckim  John, Nichols W., Gregory J. Lien, Alex, D. Hoffman, Carol, A. Gallinai and Gertrude, N. Stokes, Dermal absorption of three water born  chloroethanes in Rainbow trout  and Channel cat fish,  Fundamental and applied toxicology (31), 218 – 228, 0094 (1996) @No $ @ @  Hawakes, J.W., The stu. Of fish skin, I General organization cell  tissue Res. (149) 147 – 148 (1974,a) @No $ @ @  Hawakes J.W., The stu. of fish skin: II The Chromatophore    unit. cell tissue Res.,(149), 159 – 172 (1974, b) @No $ @ @  Currey N., Benko W., Yaru B. and R. Kabi, Determination of heavy metals Aesenic and Selenium in barramundic (Lates calcarifer) from Lake Murray, Papua, New Guinea, Sci. total Environ,(128), 305 – 320 (1992) @No $ @ @   Romeo M., Trace metal in fish roe. from the Mauritania coast, Mar. Pollut., Bull, (18) 507 – 508 (1987) @No $ @ @  Egemen E., Coskun Y., Regulatory leaching tests for fly ash, A case study, Waste Management andResearch,(14) 43 – 50 (1996) @No $ @ @  Coles D.G., Ragaini R.C., Ondov J.M., Fisher G.L.,Silberman D., Prentice B., A Chemical study of stack fly ash from a coal fired power plant, Envi. Scien. and Technology,13 (4), 455 – 459 ( 1979) @No $ @ @  Cohen. T. Hees and Ambrose R., Trace Metal in Fish and Invertebrates of three California coastal Wetland, Mar. Pollut. Bull,421, 224 – 232 (2001) @No $ @ @  Karadede–Akin H., unlu E. Heavy metal concentration in water sediment fish and some benthic organism from Tiqris river, Turkey, Environ. Monit Assess (131), 323 – 337 (2007) @No $ @ @  Waqar A., Levels of selected heavy metals in Tuna fish, Arab. J. Sci, Eng.,31(1A), 89–92 (2006) @No $ @ @  Admai, G.M, Barbieri P.F., Biani M., Piselli S. and Predonzani, S., Level of Cadmium and Zinc in hepatopancreas of recorded Mytilus  galloprovin- cialis from the Gulf of Trieste (Italy), Chemosphere 48(7),671 – 677 (2000) @No $ @ @   Mohammed A. Al – khadaud spring, Accumulation of heavy metals in Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) from Al-Hassa, saudi Arabia American  Journal of applied Science,6(12), 2024 – 29, (2009) @No $ @ @  Hayat S., Javed M. and Razzaq S. Growth performance of metal stressed major carps viz Catla-catla, Labeo– rohita and Cirrhina–mrigala reared under semiintensive culture system, Pakistan vet, J., 27(1), 8 –12 (2007) @No $ @ @ Coello W.F., Khan M.A.Q., Protection against heavy metal toxicity by mucus and scales in fish, Deptt. of Biological Science, Archives, Environmental contamination toxicology,(30), 319 – 326 (1996) @No $ @ @  Yilmaz, Ayse Bahar, Turan Cemal, Toker Tahsin: Uptake and distribution of hexavalent  Chromium in tissues (gill, skin and muscle) of a freshwater fish, Tilapia, Oreochromis aureus, J. of Envir.chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 2(3), 28-33 (2010) @No $ @ @  Obasohan E.E., Heavy metal conc. In the offal, gill, muscle and liver of a fresh water mud fish (Parachanna, obscura) from ogba river, Benin city, Nigeria Afr. J. Biotechnology,(6), 2620–2627 (2007) @No $ @ @  Turan F. Improvement of growth performance in Tilapia (O. aureus, linnaeus) (Trifolium pratense) in diet, Bamidgeh, Isr. J. Aquac,58(1), 34–38, (2006) @No $ @ @  Deb S.C. and Santra S.C., Bioaccumulation of heavy metal in fishes, An in vivo experimental study of sewage, fed ecosystem, Environmant, (17), 27–32,DOI, 10, 1023/A, 1018579312038 (1997) @No
<#LINE#>Synthesis, Structural Investigations and Antifungal Studies on Symmetrically Substituted Metal (II) Octa-1- (3-chlorophenyl) Methanimine Phthalocyanine<#LINE#>K.R.@Fasiulla,Venugopala@Reddy,J.@Keshavayya,M.H.@Moinuddin Khan,Anitha,Vittala@Rao<#LINE#>29-36<#LINE#>06.ISCA-RJCS-2011-165.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, Udupi Dist. –576104, Karnataka, INDIA @ Dept. of Studies in Industrial Chemistry, Sahyadri Science College, Shimoga -577201 Shimoga Dist., Karnataka, INDIA @ Dept. of Studies in Chemistry, Kuvempu University, Janna Sahyadri, Shankaragatta-577451, Shimoga Dist., Karnataka, INDIA @  Dept. of Chemistry, JNNC of Engineering, Shimoga. Dist., Karnataka, INDIA <#LINE#>18/8/2011<#LINE#>27/8/2011<#LINE#> Metallophthalocyanine (M = Cu, Co, Ni, Zn) carrying eight (3-chlorophenyl) methanimine groups at peripheral positions were synthesized by an efficient simple and novel method. The precursor octaamino metal (II) phthalocyanines were synthesized by the reduction of the corresponding nitro metal phthalocyanines. The dark green octa-1-(3- chlorophenyl) methanimine phthalocyanine derivatives were characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, electronic, IR and powder X-ray diffraction studies to check the purity, structural integrity and crystalline properties of the complexes. Magnetic susceptibility studies on Co (II) and Cu (II) octa-1-(3-chlorophenyl) methanimine phthalocyanine complexes exhibit a variation of the magnetic moments as a function of field strength indicating the presence of inters molecular co-operative effect. The title complexes were screened for antifungal activity. <#LINE#> @ @ Dent C.E., linstead R.P., Lowe A.R., J. Chem. Soc.,1033-1039 (1934) @No $ @ @ Myers J.F., Rayner Canham G.W., Lever A.B.P., Inorg. Chem.,14, 461(1975) @No $ @ @ Dandridge A.E., Drescher H.A., Thomas J., (To Scottish Dyes Ltd) British Patent, 169, 822 (1929) @No $ @ @ Drechsler V., Hanack M., Atwood J.L., Daries J.E.D., Macnicol D.D., Vogtle F., Eds Pergamon. In Comprehensive Supra molecular Chemistry., New York., 9, 283 (1996) @No $ @ @  Snow A.W., Barger W.R., Phthalocyanine properties and applications. Lenzoff C.C., Lever A.B.P., VCH Publications., New York., 1, 343 (1989) @No $ @ @ Gregory P., J. Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines.,3(4),432 (2000) @No $ @ @ Venkataraman K., The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes. Academic Press., New York., 02 (1952) @No $ @ @ Leznoff C.C., Lever A.B.P., Phthalocyanines Properties and Applications.Vol. 1.New York., VCH Publishers Inc., (1989) @No $ @ @ Vartanyam A.T., Zh.  Fig.Khim., 22, 769 (1948) and Eley., Nature (London)., 162, 819 (1948) and Applications.Vol. 1.New York., VCH Publishers Inc (1989) @No $ @ @ Venugopala Reddy K.R., Studies on some transitional metal phthalocyanines complexes, Ph. D thesis. Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, India (2002) @No $ @ @ Venugopala Reddy K.R., Keshavayya J. Synthesis, Magnetic, Spectral and Thermal Studies on Metal(II)1,3,8,10,15,17,22,24-octanitrophthalocyanines. Turk J Chem., 26(4), 573 (2002) @No $ @ @ Venugopala Reddy K.R., Keshavayya J., Synthesis, Magnetic, Spectral and Thermal Studies on Metal(II)1,3,8,10,15,17,22,24octaaminophthalocyanines, Synth React Inorg Met-Org Chem.,  32(7), 1235-1244 (2002) @No $ @ @ Vogel’s text book of Practical Organic Chemistry Vth ed. U.K., Longman Group UK Ltd., (1989) @No $ @ @ Wright. J.D., Prog Surf Sci., 31, 01(1989) @No $ @ @ Moinuddin Khan M.H., Fasiulla., Harisha M.N.K., Keshavayya J., Venugopla Reddy K.R., Synthesis, Structural Investigations and Biological Studies on Symmetrically Substituted Metal (II) 4, 4, 4, 4
-Tetra-methoxyphenylimino Phthalocyanine., J.Coordination Chem.,60(12), 1225-1267 (2007) @No $ @ @ Venugopla Reddy K.R., Harisha M.N.K., Fasiulla., Moinuddin Khan M.H., Keshavayya J., Synthesis, Spectral, Magnetic and Thermal Studies on Symmetrically Substituted Metal (II) 1,3,8,10,15,17,22, 24 – Octafluoro Phthalocyanines.,  J Fluorine Chem.,128, 1019-1025 (2007) @No $ @ @ Venugopala Reddy K.R., Keshavayya J., Synthesis, Magnetic, Spectral and Thermal Studies on Metal(II)1,3,8,10,15,17,22,24 octaaminophthalocyanines Synth React  Inorg Met-Org Chem.,32(7), 1235 (2002) @No $ @ @ Achar B.N., Bhandari J.M., Synth React Inorg Met-Org Chem.,23(1), 133 (1993) @No $ @ @ Achar B.N., Fohlen G.M., Parker J.A., Keshavayya J., Synthesis and structural             investigations of metal (II) 4, 9, 16, 23– phthalocyanine tetra amines., Polyhedron 6(6), 1463 (1987) @No $ @ @ Somashekarappa M.P., Venugopala Reddy K.R., Harish M.N.K., and Keshavayya J. Synthesis, spectral and magnetic susceptibility studies on tetra chloro metal (II) phthalocyanines, J Molecular Structure.,753, 190-194 (2005) @No $ @ @ Somashekarappa M.P., Keshavayya J., Synthesis, magnetic, spectral and thermal  studies on metal (II) – 1,8,15,22-tetranitro phthalocyanines, Synth React Inorg Met- Org Chem., 29(5), 767-783 (1999) @No $ @ @ Achar B.N., Bhandari J.M., Magnetic Properties and ESR Studies on Copper Phthalocyanine Synth React Inorg Met-Org Chem.,23(1), 133-148 (1993) @No $ @ @ Vogel Arthur I. Quantitative inorganic analysis. 3rd ed. London., Longman Publishers., (1964) @No $ @ @ Broido A., J Polym Sci., Part-2A (7), 1761(1969) @No
<#LINE#>Some Studies on Chemically Deposited n-PbSe Thin Films<#LINE#>Maqbul A.@Barote,Babasaheb D.@Ingale,Govind D.@Tingre,Abhijit A.@Yadav,Rangrao V.@Surywanshi,Elahipasha U.@Masumdar<#LINE#>37-41<#LINE#>07.ISCA-RJCS-2011-167.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Physics, Azad College, Ausa-413520, Maharashtra, INDIA @ Thin Film Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Rajarshi Shahu Mahavidyalaya, Latur, Maharashtra, INDIA <#LINE#>19/8/2011<#LINE#>13/9/2011<#LINE#> Thin films of PbSe of various thicknesses have been deposited onto ultrasonically clean glass substrates using simple chemical bath deposition technique. Structural investigations on these showed polycrystalline nature of the films with the presence of cubic phases. Grain size increased with increase in thickness of the film sample. Compositional analysis revealed that films are sulphur deficient. Optical absorption studies indicated a decrease of energy band gap as thickness of film increased. The electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power (TEP) measurements have been carried out in 300-500 K temperature range. The activation energy is found to be thickness dependant. TEP measurement showed n-type conduction mechanism. <#LINE#> @ @  Samoylov A.M., Sharov M.K., Buchnev S.A., Khoviev A.M., and Dolgopolova E.A., J. Cryst. Growth,240, 340 (2002)  @No $ @ @  Chatterjee S., and Pal U., Opt. Eng., 32, 2923 (1993) @No $ @ @ Meca F.J., Quintas M.M., and Sanchez F.J.R., Sensors actuators, 84, 45 (2000) @No $ @ @ Dashevsky Z., Shusterman S., and Dariel M.P., J. Appl. Phys., 92, 1425 (2002) @No $ @ @ Story T., Acta Phys. Polym., A 92, 663 (1997) @No $ @ @  Lambrecht A., Kurbel R., and  Agne M., Mater. Sci. Eng., 21, 217 (1993) @No $ @ @ Agne M., Lambercht A., Schiessl U., and Tacke M., Infrared Phys. Technol., 35, 47 (1994) @No $ @ @ Das V.D., and Bhat K.S., J. Mater. Sci., 7, 169 (1990) @No $ @ @ Molin N., and Dikuskar A.I., Thin Solid Films,265, 3 (1995) @No $ @ @  Li B., Xie Y., Huang J., and Quain Y.T., Ultrason, Sonochem., 6, (1999) 217  @No $ @ @  Schmidt, Chem. Rev. 72, 1709 (1992) @No $ @ @  Barote M.A., Yadav A.A., and Masumdar E.U., J. Non-Oxide Glasses, 2, 151 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kale R.B., and Lokhande C.D., Appl. Surf. Sci., 252, 929 (2005)   @No $ @ @ R Zingaro. A., and Skovlin D.O., J. Electrochem. Soc., 1, 42 (1961) @No $ @ @ Mulik N., Rotti C.B., More B.M., Sutrave D.S., Shahane G.S., Garadkar K.M., Deshmukh L.P., and Hankare P.P., Ind. J. Pure Appl. Phys., 34, 903 (1996) @No $ @ @ Gadve K.M., and Lokhande C.D., Thin Solid Films, 229,27 (1993) @No $ @ @  Barote M.A., Yadav A.A., and Masumdar, E.U., Physica,B 406, 1865 (2011) @No $ @ @ Prabhakar S., Suryanarayana N., Rajasekar K., and Sikanth S., Chal. Lett., 6, 203 (2009) @No $ @ @ Karande V.S., Mane S.H., Pujari V.B., and Deshmukh L.P., Turk J. Phys., 25,  539 (2003) @No $ @ @ Yadav A.A., Barote M.A., and Masumdar E.U., Mater. Chem. Phys., 121, 53 (2010) @No $ @ @ Rao C.N.R., Modern Aspect of Solid State Chemistry,Plenum, New York, 1970, pp-531  @No
<#LINE#>Synthesis of Nickel Hydroxide Nanoparticles by Reverse Micelle Method and its Antimicrobial Activity<#LINE#>Harish@Kumar,Renu@Rani,Raj Kumar@Salar<#LINE#>42-48<#LINE#>08.ISCA-RJCS-2011-175.pdf<#LINE#>Material Science and Nano materials Lab, Dept. of Chemistry, Ch. Devi Lal University, Sirsa – 125 055, INDIA   @ Microbial Lab, Dept. of Biotechnology, Ch. Devi Lal University, Sirsa – 125 055, INDIA  <#LINE#>26/8/2011<#LINE#>05/9/2011<#LINE#> Rod shaped Ni(OH) nanoparticles of average size 10-20 nm were synthesized in Triton/water/cyclohexane/Polyvinyl pyrolidone quaternary microemulsion by reverse micelle method in different water to surfactant ratio. Nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, TEM, FTIR and DSC techniques. Antibacterial activity of Ni(OH) nanoparticles at different concentrations (0.05 to 1.2 mg/ml) were tested on three bacterial strains i.e. E. coli, P. aerugenosa and S. aureus and further compared with seven well known antibiotics.  A significant increase in the antibacterial activity of nickel hydroxide nanoparticles have been observed with the increase in concentration of nanoparticles. Optimum concentration for inhibiting growth of bacterial cell was found to be 0.4 mg/ml. It is believed that Ni(OH) nanoparticles due to its small size penetrated the bacterial cell membrane and binds to functional groups of proteins, resulting in denaturation of protein and also believed to have caused damage to the bacterial cell by interacting with phosphorous and sulphur containing compounds such as DNA causing death of bacterial cell. <#LINE#> @ @  Gleiter H.,Nanostructured materials: basic concepts and microstructure, Acta Materialia, 48, 1-29 (2000) @No $ @ @  Bae D.S., Jungkim E., Bang J.H., Kim S.W., Han K.S., Kyulee J., Kim B.I. and Adair J.H.,Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles by a reverse micelle process, J. Met. Mater.-Int., 11(4), 291-294 (2005) @No $ @ @  Ganguli, A.K., Vaidya S. and Ahmad T., Synthesis of nanocrystalline Materials through reverse micelles: A versatile methodology for synthesis of complex metal oxides, J. Bull. Mater. Sci., , 415-419 (2008) @No $ @ @  Bae D.S., Park S.W., Han K.S. and Adair J.H., Synthesis of Ag/SiO nanosize particles by reverse micelle and sol-gel processing, J. Met.Mater.-Int., , 399-402 (2001) @No $ @ @  Pileni M. P.,Structure and reactivity in reverse micelles, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1989) @No $ @ @  Nersisyan H. H., Lee J. H.,  Son H. T. and Maeng D.Y.,A new and effective chemical reduction method for preparation of nanosize silver power and colloid dispersion, J. Mater. Res. Bull., 38, 949-956 (2003) @No $ @ @  Zhang J., Liu X.L., Cui Z.C., Zhang G., Zhao B. andYang B.,Thin films of Ag nanopartcles prepared from the reduction of AgI nanopartcles in self-assembled films, J. Coll.  Inter. Sci. 255, 115-118 (2002) @No $ @ @ Coierre M.K. and Lennox R.B., Preparation of thiolcapped gold nanoparticles by chemical reduction of soluble Au (I)-thiolates, J. Chem. Mater.17(23), 5691-5696 (2005) @No $ @ @  Nemamcha A., Rehspringer J.L. and Khatmi D.,Synthesis of palladium nanoparticles by sonochemical reduction of Palladium (II) Nitrate in aqueous solution,J. Phys. Chem. B, 111(1), 383-387 (2006) @No $ @ @  Herricks T., Chen J.Y. and Xia Y.N.,Polyol synthesis of platinum nanoparticles, J. Nano Lett., 4(12), 2367- 2371 (2004) @No $ @ @  Morones J.R., Elechigierra J.L., Caacho A., Holt K., Kouri J.B., Ramirez J.T. and Yacaman M.J.,The bactericidal effect of silver nano particles, J. Nanotechn., 16, 2346-2353 (2005) @No $ @ @  Yoon K., Byeon J.H., Park J. and Hwang J., Susceptibility constants of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis to silver and copper nanoparticles, J. Sci. Total Environ. 373, 572-575 (2007) @No $ @ @  Kumar H., Rani R. and Salar R.K.,Reverse micellar synthesis, characterization and antibacterial study of Nickel nanoparticles, Proceed in European Conference of Advanced in control, chemical Engineering and mechanical engineering, 88-94, Nov. 17 (2010) @No $ @ @  Salar R.K. and Suchitra, Evaluation of antimicrobial potential of different extract of Solanum Xanthocarpum Schard and Wendl., Afr. J. Micro. Res., 3(3), 97-100 (2009) @No $ @ @  Cullity B.D., Elements of X-Ray diffraction Addison-Wesley Publishing Company: USA (1978) @No $ @ @  Sihaye D.S., Bala T., Srikanth S., Srikanth H., Poddar P., Sastry M. and Prasad B.L.V., Preparation of nearly monodisperse nickel nanoparticles by a facile solution based methodology and their ordered assemblies, J.  Phys. Chem. C 113, 3426-3429 (2009) @No $ @ @  Joint Committee on powder diffraction standards, Diffraction data file No. 74-2075 (2000) @No $ @ @  Nakamoto K.,Infrared and Raman spectra of inorganic and coordination compounds. 3rd ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 448 (1965) @No $ @ @  Markova I., Deneva I., Alexandrova K., Ivanova G. and Dragieva I.,IR Spectroscopy Investigation of metal amorphous nanoparticles, J. Univ. Chem. Technol. Met., 37(4), 19-26 (2002) @No $ @ @  Markova I., Deneva I., Dragieva I. and Alexandrova K., IR Spectroscopy as a method for investigation of       nanostructures surface state, Nanosci. Nanotech, , 269-273 (2006) @No $ @ @  Markova I., Deneva I., Dragieva I.and  Alexandrova K.,IR Spectroscopy investigations of nanoparticles andnanowire obtained by borohydride reduction method,Nanosci.  Nanotechn., , 283-286 (2006) @No $ @ @  Markova I., Dragierva I. and Alexandrova K.,FT-IR Spectroscopy investigations of nanostructured materials,       Proceed in 9th National Workshop on Nanosci. Nanotechn., Poster session (topic B) (in Sofia) 10 B9Nov. 28-30 (2007) @No $ @ @  Alexandrova K., Deneva I., Markova I. and Klabunde K.J., Mechanism of nucleation and characterization of NiB/SiO nanoparticles and nanowires, J. Univ. Chem. Technol. Met., , 1031-1036 (2004) @No $ @ @  Motlagh M.M.K., Youzbashi A.A. and Sabaghzadeh L.,Synthesis and characterization of Nickel hydroxide/oxide nanoparticles by the complexation-precipitation method, Int. J. Phy. Sci.,6(6), 1471-1476 (2011) @No $ @ @  Baker C., Pradhan A., Pakstis L., Pochan D.J. and Shah S.I., Synthesis and antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles, J. Nanosci. Nanotechn. , 244-249 (2005) @No $ @ @  Stoimenov P.K., Klinger R.L., Marchin G.L. and Klabunde K.,Metal oxide nanoparticles as bactericidal agents, Langmiur, 18, 6679-6686 (2002) @No $ @ @  Spadaro J.A., Berger T.J., Barranco S.D., Chapin S.E. and Becker R.O.,Antibacterial effects of silver electrode with weak direct current, J. ACS Soc. Microbio., 637-642 (1974) @No $ @ @  Kokkoris M., Trapalin C.C.,  Kossionides S., Vlastou R., Nsouli B., Grotzschel R., Spartalis S., Kordas G. and Paradellis Th.,RBC and HIRBS studies of nanostructured AgSiO Sol-Gel thin coatings, Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res.B188, 67-72 (2002) @No
<#LINE#>Electronic Waste: A Case Study<#LINE#>Reena@Gupta,Sangita,Verinder@Kaur<#LINE#>49-56<#LINE#>09.ISCA-RJCS-2011-198.pdf<#LINE#>Research Scholar, Jodhpur National University, Jodhpur, INDIA @ Senior Scientist, Flexible Pavement Division, Central Road Research, New-Delhi, INDIA @ Principal, Guru Nanak Khalsa College, Yamunanagar, INDIA <#LINE#>14/9/2011<#LINE#>20/9/2011<#LINE#> WEEE (waste from electrical and electronic equipments) comes under a special category of waste which is the result of industrialization and ever increasing demand of electronic products in daily life. With increasing usage waste production is also increasing. Now, the situation is alarming as a huge quantity of waste is generated by India as well as other countries. The condition in India is much worse because about 80 percent of the e-waste generated in the US is exported to India, China and Pakistan under the name of charity. Only 3% of total WEEE-waste generated is recycled properly in India. The rest of it is handled by workers who work with bare hands, without masks under unhygienic conditions, informally recycling tons of e-waste for about 12-14 hours a day. It causes both environmental as well as health problems. No. of laws are framed but none is able to stop this informal recycling. In this paper, national and international e-waste scenario is discussed along with hazards caused by e-waste and bit about its recycling. <#LINE#> @ @  DIT. Environmental management for Information Technology industry in India, Department of Information Technology, Government of India, 122-124 (2003) @No $ @ @  Radha G. A Study of the Performance of the Indian IT Sector’ at www.nautilus.org (2002) @No $ @ @  Violet N. Pinto. E-waste hazard: The impending challenge, Indian J Occup Environ Med.,12(2), 65–70 Aug (2008) @No $ @ @  Sinha Satish. Sustainable E-waste Management.,Toxic link 3-Mar,(2010)Retrieved  from: http://www.toxicslink.org/art-view.php?id=134 @No $ @ @  Dwivedy M., Mittal R.K., Future trends in computer waste generation in India, Waste Management, (30),2265-2277 (2010) @No $ @ @  Singh S.K., The diffusion of mobile phones in India, Telecommunications Policy, 32, 642-651(2008) @No $ @ @  Kumar Ranapati and Tripathi Saumya, “Electronics-Hi_Tech-Highly Toxic” India, Green Peace (2007) @No $ @ @  EMPA St.Gallen, Technical Control Body for SWICO and SENS (2004) @No $ @ @  ZVEI-Deutscher Zentralverband Elektrotechnik und Elektroindustrie, i.e. German electrical and electronic manufacturers' association  @No $ @ @  UK Status Report on Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment Industry Council for Electronic Equipment Recycling (ICER), (2000) @No $ @ @  Municipal Solid Waste in the United States: 2000 Facts and Figures. US EPA Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, 150-160 June (2002) @No $ @ @ Resource Recycling Fund Management Committee, Environment Protection Administration, Taiwan , ROC.   @No $ @ @  Govt. moves to stem tide of 'e-waste' @No $ @ @ Waste 21: Waste management plan, Denmark 1998-2004  @No $ @ @  Fact Sheet Proposed End-of-Life Information Technology Equipment and Consumer Electronics (e-waste) Recycling Program, Saskatchewan Environment, Environmental Protection Branch, Canada @No $ @ @ e-waste& Green Broadband, Retrieved from: http://serendipityoucity.blogsome.com/2007/11/19/e-waste-green-broadband,19 Nov, (2007) @No $ @ @  World Bank, World Development Indicators Database; Retrieved from: http://home.developmentgateway.org/Data Statistics, (2004) @No $ @ @ Bandyopadhyay Amitava., A regulatory approach for e-waste management: a cross-national review of current practice and policy with an assessment and policy recommendation for the Indian perspective Int. J. Environment and Waste Management, 2), 1/2, (2008) @No $ @ @ Urban hazard: Mumbai choking on e-waste. [Last updated on 2007 Feb 24]. Retrieved from:http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/NEWS/India/Urban_hazard_Mumbai_choking_on_ewaste/RssArticle/articleshow/1671262 @No $ @ @  Report on Assessment of Electronic Wastes in Mumbai Area Retrieved from:http://mpcb.gov.in/images/pdf/ewastereport1.pdf @No $ @ @   Violet N. Pinto,E-waste hazard: The impending challenge, Indian journal of occupational and environmental medicine,12(2), 65-70 Aug (2008) @No $ @ @ Dwivedy M., Mittal R.K., Estimation of future outflows of e-waste in India, Waste Management, 30, 483-491(2010) @No $ @ @ Report On Inventorization of E-Waste In Two Cities In Andhra Pradesh And Karnataka (Hyderabad And Bangalore)Prepared by World Health Organization, (WHO), India Country Office, New Delhi  @No $ @ @  Annual report, MAIT (2003) @No $ @ @ Toxics Link report: Scrapping the Hi-tech Myth: Computer Waste in India, Retrieved from: www.toxicslink.org, Feb. (2003) @No $ @ @ Toxics Link. E-Waste in Chennai Time is running out,  Retrieved fromwww.toxicslink.org (2004) @No $ @ @  Vinutha V. The e-waste problem Retrieved from:http://www.expresscomputeronline.com  Pandve H.T. E-waste management in India: An emerging environmental and health issue. Indian J Occup Environ Med [serial online] 11:116. Retrieved   from: http://www.ijoem.com/text.asp?2007/11/3/116/38461 (2007) @No $ @ @ Stuart Julie Ann and Christina ViVi.” New Metrics and scheduling Rules for disassembly and bulk recycling” IEEE Transactions on electronics pacing manufacturing 26 (2) (2003) @No $ @ @ William Eric, United Nations University, Tokyo, Japan “Proceedings of the third workshop on Material cycles and waste management in Asia, National institute of environmental studies, Tsukuba, Japan (2005) @No $ @ @ Guidelines for Environmentally Sound Management of Electronic WasteRetrieved from: http://www.cpcb.nic.in/e_Waste.php, March 12, (2008) @No $ @ @  “An introduction to Brominated flame retardants.” Bromine science and environmental forum, Belgium, www.bsef.com, www.firesafety.org. @No $ @ @  Transboundary shipment of EWaste Regulations, systems, stakeholders and solutions http://WWW: epository.tudelft.nl/assets/uuid:bd356625-3d70-41a7.../Wang%20J.  @No $ @ @  Shen H. Forssberg e, Pugh R.J. Selective floatation separation of plastics by particle control. Resource conserve recycling, 33, 37-50 (2001) @No $ @ @  Pappa G., Boukouvalas C., Giannaris C., Ntaras N., Zografos V., Magoulas K et al. The selective dissolution, precipitation technique for polymer recycling a pilot unit application. Resource conserve recycling34, 33-44(2001) @No $ @ @ Puckett J., Smith T., Exporting harm: the high-tech trashing of Asia , The Basel Action Network, Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition, San Jose, Seattle (2002) @No $ @ @ SVTC, Take it back! Make it Clean! Make it Green! Computer Take-back Campaign.Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition (SVTC), Retrieved from: http://www.svtc.org/cleancc/pubs/2002report, (2002) @No $ @ @ Cornelia Vasile., Feed stock recyclic from pplastic and thermoset fractions of used computers (1) pyrolysis.J Mater.cycles. waste manage  8, 99-108(2006) @No
<#LINE#>DSC Analysis of Partially Oriented (Poy) and Textured Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) Yarns<#LINE#>K.@Yildirim,S.@Altun,Y.@Ulcay<#LINE#>57-66<#LINE#>10.ISCA-RJCS-2011-199.pdf<#LINE#> TÜBTAK-BUTAL Bursa Test and Analysis Laboratory, Bursa 16190-TURKIYE @ Dept. of Textile Engi. College of Engineering and Architecture University of Uludag Gorukle, Bursa TURKIYE<#LINE#>14/9/2011<#LINE#>20/9/2011<#LINE#> Thermal behavior of poly(ethylene trephthalate) PET partially oriented and texturing yarn has been investigated. Yarns were produced in three different levels of each of selected parameters during melt spinning and false twist texturing. Yarns were analyzed by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).DSC is the most widely used equipment of thermal techniques.  DSC analysis could easily detect the change of winding speed since winding speed alters the molecular orientation of the fiber. Quenching air temperature and quenching air speed effects could not be detected clearly by DSC analysis. Texturing yarns and flat yarns could be differentiating via DSC thermograms.  <#LINE#> @ @ Richardson M.J., Thermal analysis of polymers using quantitative differential scanning calorimetry, Polymer Testing,, 101-115 (1984) @No $ @ @ Forest M.J., Application to Thermoplastics and Rubbers, Principles and Applications of Thermal Analysis, P. Gabbott, Blackwell Publishing, 190-249 (2008) @No $ @ @ Haung J.M., Chu P.P. and Chang F.C., Conformational changes and molecular motion of poly(ethylene terepthalate) annealed above glass transition temperature, Polymer,41, 1741-1748 (2000) @No $ @ @ Kong Y. and Hay, J.N., The measurement of crystallinity of polymers by DSC,  Polymer43, 3873-3878 (2002) @No $ @ @ Yldrm K., Ulcay Y., Kopmaz O., Forming  Regression Based Mathematical Model to Predict PET POY Yarn Properties in Case of Changing Production Parameters, Textile Res. J.,80, 411-421 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kim S.L., Effect of spinning speed and quench air temperature on the characteristics of melt spun poly(ethylene terephthalate) yarn, Textile Res. J.,56, 697 (1986) @No $ @ @ Ozkan G. and Urkmez G., The effects of operating conditions on the product quality of partially oriented yarn, Polym. Plastics Technol. Eng.,43, 211-227 (2004) @No $ @ @ Kothari V.K., Progress in textiles: Science and technology, Textile Fibers: Developments and Innovations, IAFL publication, New Delhi, 36-237 (2000) @No $ @ @ Yldrm K., Altun S. and Ulcay  Y., The effect of first heater temperature on the properties of false-twist textured poly (ethylene terapthalate) yarn, Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon,, 286 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ilbay I.I.  and Celik N., A Statistical and experimental investigation on production design for copolymer based multichannel polyester draw textured yarns, Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon,, 291 (2009) @No $ @ @ Minakov A.A., Mordvintsev  D.A. and Schick C., Melting and reorganization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) on fast heating (1000 K/s), Polymer,45,  3755-3763 (2004) @No $ @ @ Salomon A.W. and Fielder K.J., Practical use of differential calorimetry for plastics, Handbook of Plastics Analysis, H. Lobo and J. V. Bonilla, Marcel Dekker, New York, 79-109  (2003) @No $ @ @ Bair H.E., Glass transition measurement by DSC in assignment of the glass transition, ed. R.J. Seyler, ASTM STP, 1249 (1994) @No $ @ @ Ke B., Differential thermal analysis, Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, H. F. Mark and N. G. Gaylord, Wiley, New York, 37-65 (1968) @No $ @ @Yildirim. K., Altun. S and Ulcay Y., Relationship between Yarn Properties and Process Parameters in False-Twist Textured Yarn, Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics,4(2), 26-32 (2009) @No
<#LINE#>Assessment of Water Quality Status in Reference to Statistical Parameters in Different Aquifers of Balco Industrial Area, Korba, C.G. INDIA<#LINE#>M.M.@Vaishnav,S.@Dewangan<#LINE#>67-72<#LINE#>11.ISCA-RJCS-2011-206.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, G.B.V. Post Graduate College, Hardibazar, Korba-495446 C.G., INDIA @ Department of Chemistry, C.M.D. Post Graduate College, Bilaspur-495001, C.G. INDIA <#LINE#>20/9/2011<#LINE#>21/10/2011<#LINE#> Nature has provided us all fundamental resources such as air, water and land for growth, development and survival. Air is a mixture of various gases in which nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%) and rest other gases are main constituents. Water is making hydrosphere in land which account 65% of out body and blood contain 83%. It is chief natural resource. However the safe water become scarce commodity owing to huge blending of contaminated water.  We have taken montly as well as seasonal investigation of the water from different aquatic sources in Balco industrial area. 30 Water samples are collected from ten sites (BS1 to BS10)  in 2L capacity containers (July 2009 to Sep. 2009) for physical and chemical analysis especially selected heavy metals such as Fe, Al, Zn, Mn and As by recommend procedures. Statistical investigation reveals that mean value for turbidity (SW 156.6 NTU, GW 32.7 NTU), TH (SW 655.3 mg/L), Fe (SW 1.303, GW 2.830 mg/L), Al(SW 2.111 mg/L, GW 0.437 mg/L) were found above the threshold value.  Strong +ive relation was calculated for SW and GW between TS vs TDS [SW r(t) = + 0.938(2.706), GW = + 0.977(4.582)].  The high % CV was calculated for Zn 151.8 (GW) and 146.2 ( SW). According to results obtained, it is suggested water sources are not suitable for human consumption, without former treatment.  <#LINE#> @ @  Bathusha M.I. and  Saseetharan M.K., Statistical study on physico – chemical characteristics of ground water of coimbatore south zone, Indian J environ. Prot.,26(6), 508 – 515 (2006) @No $ @ @ Sinha Madhu Rani et al., Physicochemical examination and quality assessment of groundwater (Hand-Pump) around Patna main town, Bihar state, India, J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 3(3), 701-705 (2011) @No $ @ @   Ramakrishnaiah C.R. et al., Assessment of WQI for the ground water in Tumkur Taluk, Karnataka, India, E-J Chem.,6(2), 523-530 (2009) @No $ @ @ Altman S.J., Parizek R. R., Dilution of nonpoint source nitrate in graound water, J. Environ. Quality, 24, 707 – 717 (1995) @No $ @ @ Pandey Sandeep and Tiwari Sweta, Physico – chemical analysis of ground water of selected area of ghazipur city – A case study, Nature and Science, 7(1), 17 – 20 (2009) @No $ @ @   Adekunle A.S., Effects of Industrial Effluent on Quality of well water within Asa Dam Industrial Estate, Ilorin, Nigeria, Nature and Science, 7(1), 39 – 43(2009) @No $ @ @   Jinwal A and Dixit A., Pre and post monsoon variation in physico– chemical characteristic in ground water quality in Bhopal, India, Asian J. Exp. Sci.,  22(3), 311 – 316 (2008) @No $ @ @   Bhaskar C.V. et al., Assessment of Heavy Metals in Water Samples of Certain Locations Situated Around Tumkur, Karnataka, India,  E-J. Chem. 7(2), 349- 352 (2010) @No $ @ @   Hariharan A. et al., Analysis of heavy metals in the vicinity of  Sriramnagar, Vizianagaram  Dt.(A.P.), Res. J. Pharma. Bio. Chem. Sci., 2(1), 260 – 265 (2011) @No $ @ @   Bruins M.R. et al., Microbial resistance to metals in the environment, Ecotoxicol, Environ. Saf., 45, 198-207 (2000) @No $ @ @  Arindam Guha et al., Satellite-based geomorphological mapping for urban planning and development – a case study for Korba city, Chhattisgarh, Current Science, 97 (12), 1760 – 1765 (2009) @No $ @ @   http://www.korba.nic.in/ataglancefs.htm @No $ @ @ Vedanta Resources plc Annual report 2010, Accessed on 18 – Oct – 2010 Available at. http://ar2010.vedantaresources.com/downloads/downloads.html @No $ @ @   Vaishnav M.M. et al., Pre – monsoon statistical analysis of physicochemical parameters and heavy metals in different water bodies of Balco area, Korba (C.G.), Rasayan J. Chem., 3(4), 710 – 720 (2010) @No $ @ @  APHA, Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Waste Water, Americal Public Health Association, 20thEd., Washington DC (1998) @No $ @ @ Manivasakam N., Physicochenical Examination of Water Sewage and Industrial Effluent, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut(2002) @No $ @ @  Shyamala R. et al., Physico chemical analysis of borewell water samples of Telungupalayam area in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India,  E- J. Chem., 5(4), 924 – 929 ( 2008) @No $ @ @  Bureau of Indian Standards, Indian Standards (IS: 10500) Drinking Water Specifiation: New Delhi (2004) @No $ @ @ World Health Organization; Guidelines for drinking Water Quality: Vol.1, Recommendation 2nd Edition; Geneva, WHO (2008) @No $ @ @ Halsted J.A. et al., Zinc deficiency in Man, Am. J. Med.,53, 277- 284 (1972) @No
<#LINE#>Investigating Characteristics and Corrosion Treatment of Industrial Cooling Water by the Passivation Process using Lawsonia Inermis<#LINE#>S.@Sulaiman,A.@Nor-Anuar,A.S.@Abd-Razak,S.@Chelliapan<#LINE#>73-78<#LINE#>12.ISCA-RJCS-2011-212.pdf<#LINE#>Faculty of Civil Eng. and Earth Resources, University Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang, MALAYSIA @ Institute of Env. and Water Res. Manag. (IPASA), Universiti Tech. Malaysia, 81310, Johor, MALAYSIA @ UTM Razak School of Eng,  and Adv. Tech., University Tech. Malaysia (Int. Campus), Jalan Semarak, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA <#LINE#>14/9/2011<#LINE#>20/9/2011<#LINE#> A cooling water system plays a major role in the manufacturing activities and in controlling the internal environment of an industry. The cooling water must carry protective inhibitors to surfaces that require protection. In the present study, the performance and efficiency of the passivation process in a cooling water system using Lawsonia Inermis (Henna) was investigated. The wastewater samples were taken from two industries; Flexsys Chemicals (M) Pvt. Ltd and Cargill Palm Products Pvt. Ltd, Malaysia and their quality were analyzed in terms of total dissolved solids (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), turbidity, nitrite, iron, lead and pH. Results showed all the parameters measured contributed to the corrosion in the open circulating cooling systems. However, the water quality results complied with the parameter limits stated in the Standard B of the Environmental Quality Act (1974). In addition, the results showed there is a potential for Lawsonia Inermis to be applied as an efficient inhibitor for corrosion. The inhibition efficiency increased (17.19%) when Lawsonia Inermis concentration was increased gradually from 20 to 200 mL. Besides, the surface analysis on corroded nails showed color change from yellowish-brown to grey which was the original color of the nails. <#LINE#> @ @  Vollertsen J., Hvitved-Jacobsen T., Ujang Z. and Talib S.A., Integrated design of sewers and wastewater treatment plants, Water Sci. Technol., 46, 11–20 (2002) @No $ @ @   Verma P., Cooling Water Treatment Handbook, Albatross Fine Chem. Ltd (Book Division), India (2004) @No $ @ @  Ela, Wendell P., Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science, Prentice Hall, 3rd ed., (2007) @No $ @ @   Chawla S.L. and Gupta R.K., Materials Selection for Corrosion Control, ASM International, USA (1993) @No $ @ @   Sastri V.S., Green Corrosion Inhibitors: Theory and Practice, John Wiley & Sons Inc., USA (2011) @No $ @ @  American Public Health Association (APHA), In: Greenberg, A.E., Trussell, R.R., Clisceri, L.S (Sds.), Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater. 16th ed., Washington, USA (1998) @No $ @ @  Clarkson P.M., Antioxidants and physical performance, Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 35, 131-141 (1995) @No $ @ @  Ostovari  A., Hoseinieh S.M., Peikari, M., Shadizadeh S.R. and Hashemi S.J., Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution by henna extract: A comparative study of the  inhibition by henna and its constituents (Lawsone, Gallic acid, -Glucose and Tannic acid), Corrosion Science, 51, 1935-1949 (2009) @No $ @ @  Eckenfelder J.W., Ford D. and Englande, J.A., Industrial Water Quality, McGraw-Hill Professional,  4 edition,    (2008) @No $ @ @  Tchobanoglous G., Burton F.L. and  Stensel H.D., Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse, McGraw-Hill,  4th ed., USA (2002) @No
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Ultrasonic Study of Binary Liquid Mixtures of Methyl Methacrylate with Alcohols<#LINE#>R.@Vadamalar,D.@Mani,R.@Balakrishnan<#LINE#>79-82<#LINE#>13.ISCA-RJCS-2011-178.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Physics, Priyadarshini Engineering College, Vaniyambadi, TN, INDIA @ Department of Physics, Hindustan University, Kelambakkam; TN, INDIA<#LINE#>30/8/2011<#LINE#>13/9/2011<#LINE#> MMA is an important monomer which has a wide range of applications in the field of medicine and industries, while tert-butanol and iso-butanol are widely used as a solvent in chemical reactions, as well as being a useful starting material for organic synthesis. Therefore, physico-chemical properties on such mixtures will be useful in process engineering. Ultrasonic velocity and density have been experimentally determined for binary liquid mixtures of Methyl methacrylate (MMA) with tert-butanol and iso-butanol at three different temperatures. The measured velocities are compared with those obtained from various theoretical models of liquid mixtures.  Relative merits and interrelation in these mixing rules have been discussed.  Good agreement has been found between the experimental values with the respective values obtained from the mixing rules.<#LINE#> @ @ Pandey J.D. and Shukla A.K.,Ultrasonic study of liquid mixtures.,J. Pure Appl. Ultrason, 15, 37-52 (1993) @No $ @ @ Sorichetti P.A. and Romano S.D. Physico – chemical and electrical properties for the production and characterization of biodiesel, J.Phys.Chem.Liq.(Ger,)  43, 37–48 (2005) @No $ @ @ Oswal S.L., Oswal P. and Dave J.P., Speed of Sound and isentropic compressibility of binary mixtures containing alkly acetate or ethyl alkanoate or ethyl bromo-alkanoate with hexane, J. Mol. Liq.,94, 203-219 (2001) @No $ @ @ Jaime Wisniak, Isabel Villarreal, Rene D. Peralta, Ramiro Infante, Gladis, and Homerosoto,   Densities and volumes of mixing of the ternary system toluene+butyl acrylate + methyl methacrylate and its binaries at 298.15 K, J. Chem. Thermodyn.,39,  88 (2007) @No $ @ @ John George, Sastry N.V., and Prasad D.H.L., Excess molar enthalpies and excess molar volumes of methyl methacrylate + benzene + Toluene + p-xylene, + cyclohexane and + aliphatic diethers (diethyl, diisopropyl and dibuthyl), Fluid Phase Equilibria, 214 , 39-51 (2003) @No $ @ @ Sastry N.V. and Dave P.N., Thermodynamics of acrylic ester-organic solvent mixtures II. Viscositites of mixtures of methyl methacrylate, ethyle methacrylate or butyl methacrylate with n-hexane, n-heptane, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene or o-dichlorobenzene at 303.15 K, Thermochemica Acta, 286, 119 – 130 (1996) @No $ @ @ Luo B., Hamam B.E.M., Benson G.C. and BC-Y-Lu,   Thermodynamic properties of organic compounds and their mixtures, J.Chem. Thermodyn.,  18, 1043 (1986) @No $ @ @ Sastry N.V. and Dave P.N. Thermodynamics of acrylic esters — organic solvents. (I) Excess volumes and isentropic compressibilities of acrylic esters-n-Heptane,-Carbon tetrachloride,-Chlorobenzene and –oDichlorobenzene mixture at 303.15 K., Int. J. Thermophysics,17, 1289 (1996) @No $ @ @ Sastry N.V.,  and Dave,  Refractive index of hexane, P N  Proc. Ind. Acad. Chem. Sci. ,109,  211 (1997) @No $ @ @ Sastry N.V., and Raj M.M. Excess molar volumes and isentropic compressibilities of binary mixtures containing methyl methacrylate n-alcohols at 303.15 and 313.15K, Thermochimica Acta, 257,  39 -50 (1995) @No $ @ @ Nomotto O.,J. Phys. Soc, Japan,  13, 1528 (1958) @No $ @ @ Van Dael W., and Vangeel E., Proc. Ist. Internat. Conf. on calorimetry Thermodynamic, Warsaw,555(1969) @No $ @ @ Richardson, E.C. Ultrasonic Physics, Amsterdam; Elsevier (1962) @No $ @ @ Schaffs W., Moleklara Bustik, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, Chapters XI and XII, (1963) @No $ @ @ Kalidoss M. and Srinivasamoorthy R., Ultrasonic study of ternary liquid mixtures of cyclohexanone+1,2 dichlorothane+n-propanol, + n-butanol,  J. Pure Appl. Ultrason., 19,  9-15 (1997) @No $ @ @ Rajendran V. and Kannappan A.N., Excess isentropic compressibility and computation of sound velocity in ternary liquid mixtures, Ind. J. Phys,.68(B), 131-138  (1994) @No $ @ @ Anwar Ali, Anil Kumar Nain and Bhajan Lal,  Study of intermolecular interactions in non-acqeous binary liquid mixtures through ultrasonic speed measurements at 30°C,  J. Pure Appl. Ultrason.26, 40-48 (2004) @No $ @ @ Pandey J.D. and Ashok Kumar, Ultrasonic velocity in pure liquids,   J. pure Appl. Ultrason.,16, 63-68 (1994) @No $ @ @ Ali A. and Nain A.K.,   Ultrasonic study of molecular interaction in binary liquid mixtures at 30°C, Pramana - Journal of Physics,58 (4), 695-701 (2002) @No $ @ @ Oswal S.L., Patel B.M., Patel A.M. and Ghael N.Y.  Densities, speeds of sound, isentropic compressibilities, and refractive indices of binary mixtures of Methyl methacrylate with hydrocarbons, haloalkanes and alkyl amines, Fluid phase equlibria,  206,  313 -329 (2003) @No $ @ @ Divya Shukla, Shahla Parveen, Manisha Gupta J. P. Shukla and Pandey J. D., J. Pure Appl. Ultrason.,  28, 51  (2006) @No $ @ @ Pandey J. D., Ranjan Dey and Dwivedi D. K., ultrasonic velocity of binary systems at elevated pressures,  Pramana – Journal of Physics,  52(2), 187-193 (1999) @No
<#LINE#>Short Term Effect of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga on Lipid and Hormone Profile of Type 2 Diabetic Patients<#LINE#>A.@Vedamurthachar,Anita R.@Bijoor,Vaishali@Agte,Swathi@Reddy,B.@Lakshmi<#LINE#>83-86<#LINE#>14.ISCA-RJCS-2011-205.pdf<#LINE#>Ved Vignan Maha Vidya Peeth, 21st Km, Kanakapura Road, Udayapura, Bangalore, 560 082, Karnataka INDIA @ Dept of Biochemistry St,John medical college, Bangalore 560034 INDIA @ Agharkar Research Institute, G.G.Agarkar Road, Pune 411004 INDIA  <#LINE#>20/9/2011<#LINE#>21/10/2011<#LINE#> Objective: The study of short term effect of an advanced Sudarshan Kriya Yoga practice as a complementary therapy for 6 days.  Design: Open label intervention study. Settings/Location: Art of living international ashram. Subjects: 50 type 2 diabetic patients (22-69 yr). Interventions/therapy: Advanced SKY workshop of 6 days (Sudarshan Kriya and its accompanying practices (SK&P), taught by the Art of Living Foundation world-wide, are stress management/health promotion techniques whose health benefits are being validated by modern medical science) Outcome Measures: Plasma cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL, FT4 and prolactin, cortisol, TSH. Results: In the participants, there was a significant decrease in plasma cholesterol (p0.03), increase in HDL (p0.0001), but levels of triglycerides, LDL and VLDL remained unaffected (p&#x-18.;楆0.05).  Further, levels of FT4 and prolactin significantly increased while cortisol levels were significantly decreased (p 0.05). Other parameters; viz.; plasma levels of TSH remained unchanged (p&#x-6.3;ࡤ0.19).  Conclusion: The action of SKY on lipid profile and hormonal status was of counteractive nature and felt to be distinctly different than the effect of drugs. <#LINE#> @ @   Janakiramaiah N., Gangadhar B.N., Naga Venkatesha Murthy P.J. Antidepressant efficacy of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) in melancholia: a randomized comparison with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and imipramineJ Affect Disord, (57), 255-259 (2000) @No $ @ @   Naga Venkatesha Murthy P.J., Janakiramaiah N, Gangadhar BN, Subbakrishna DK. P300 amplitude and antidepressant response to Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY),J Affect Disord, 50(1), 45-8, (1998) @No $ @ @   V.V. Agte, K.T. Tarwadi, Potential of Sudarshan kriya yoga practice in treatment of type 2 diabetes.  Alternative and Complementary Therapies, (1094), 220-222, (2004) @No $ @ @  Agte V.V. and S.A. Chiplonkar “Practice of sudarshan kriya yoga for betterment of antioxidant status and anxiety levels” Alternative and Complementary Therapies April, 14(2), 96-100, (2008) @No $ @ @  Innes K.E., Bourguignon C. and Taylor A.G., Risk indices associated with the insulin resistance syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and possible protection with yoga: a systematic review.Journal of American Board of Family Practice, 18(6), 491-519, (2005) @No $ @ @  Bijlani R.L., Vempati R.P., Yadav R.K., et al. A brief but comprehensive lifestyle education program based on yoga reduces risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus, J Altern Complement Med, 11(2), 267-74 (2005) @No $ @ @ Jain S.C., Uppal A., Bhatnagar S.O., et al. Study of response pattern of non-insulin dependent diabetics to yoga therapy, Diabetes Res Clin Pract19(1), 69-74, (1993) @No $ @ @  Prasad K.V.V., Sunita M., Raju P.S., et al. Impact of Pranayama and Yoga on Lipid Profile in Normal Healthy Volunteers, Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, (9), 1-6.  @No $ @ @  Khalsa S.B., Ujjayi Breath Training Changes Everyday Breathing Patterns. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback (29), 269-78, (2004) @No $ @ @   Vedamurthachar A., Janakiramaiah N., Hegde J.M., et al. Antidepressant efficacy and hormonal effects of Sudarshana Kriya Yoga (SKY) in alcohol dependent individuals, J Affect Disord,94(1-3), 249-53 (2006) @No $ @ @  Kamei T., Toriumi Y., Kimura H., et al. Decrease in serum cortisol during yoga exercise is correlated with alpha wave activation, Percept Mot Skills, 1027-32, (2000) @No
<#LINE#>Application of Chemistry in Development of Africa Using Local Resources: Production of Malt Drink from Millet<#LINE#>S.I.@Okonkwo,R.U.@Ogbuneke<#LINE#>87-89<#LINE#>15.ISCA-RJCS-2011-214.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Pure / Industrial Chemistry, Anambra State University, Uli Anambra State, NIGERIA @ Department of Chemistry Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, Owerri Imo State, NIGERIA <#LINE#>03/10/2011<#LINE#>17/10/2011<#LINE#> The millet grains were bought in our local market, “Ose” in Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria. The millet grains were cleaned and sorted, steeped in water for 48 hours and allowed to germinate for five days. The roots and shoots of the germinated grains were removed after drying from a local frying pan. Coarse grits were extracted out by grinding the grains. The millet malt grit was mashed at temperature below 70C for 15 minutes and allowed to cool. The results showed 83% germination, p value 3.87 and relative density 1.01 which compared favourably with the samples (Malta Guinness and the Hi-Malt) available in the local markets. Its production from locally available raw material will help to encourage local farmers and create employment for the youths. Millet as a legume will fix nitrogen in the African soil. This work will ensure eradication of poverty and sustainable development. <#LINE#> @ @ Thekororonye A.I. and Ngodely P.O., Integraded Food Science and Technology for the Tropics. Macmillan Publishers, Ltd, London and Bsingstoke, (236), 243 – 244, (1995) @No $ @ @ Taur A.T., Pawar V.D. and Ingle U.M. Effect of fermentation on nutritional improvement of grain sorghum (sorghum bicolor (L) Moench). Indian J. Nutr. Diet,(21), 129 (1984) @No $ @ @ Malleshi N.G. Desikachar H.S.R. and Venkat Rao S. Protein quality evaluation of a wearning food based on malted ragy and green gram. Qual. PLANT, Plant Foods Hum. Nuta, (36), 223 – 230 (1986) @No $ @ @   Elkhalil E.A.I. El Tinay A.H. Mohamed B.E. and Elsheikh E.A.E. Effect of protein digestibility of sorghum flour, Food Chemistry, (72),29 – 32(2000) @No $ @ @  Mahgoub S.E.O., Elhag S.A. Effect of milling, soaking, malting, heat – treatment and fermentation on phytate level of four Sudanese sorghum cultivars, 61(12), 77 – 801998 @No $ @ @  Agbigbey – Tasas R. Contibution a la valorization des aliments traditionnels beninois: etude comparative ve de deux technologies a base de sorgho malte pour la production de gowe. These de fin d’etude ingenieur agronome, FSA/UAC., Benin (2003) @No $ @ @ Zohoungbogbo M.A., Etude comparative ve de deux technologie de production de gowe a base de sorgho au Benin. These de fin d’etude d’ingenieur agronome. FSA/UAC., Benin (2004) @No $ @ @ Houndelo M.E.S. Amelioration de la qualite et test de mise en marche du gowe, pate fermentee a base de sorgho. Memoire de fin d’etude d’ingenieur. INP/ESA Yamoussokro-FSA/UAC., Benin (2004) @No $ @ @ Lasekan, O.O., Lasekan, W.O. and Idowu, M.A. Flavour volatiles of “malt. Beverage” from roasted sorghum. Food chemistry (58), 341 – 344, (1997) @No