@Editorial
<#LINE#>The Pilgrimage of the Wonder Macromolecule: Phthalocyanine<#LINE#>N.C.@Jain <#LINE#>,Res.J.chem.sci.,<#LINE#>
@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Assessment of Physicochemical Contaminants in Waters and Fishes from Selected Rivers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria<#LINE#>M.O.@Aremu,B.L.@Gav,O.D.@Opaluwa,B.O.@Atolaiye,P.C.@Madu,D.U.@Sangari<#LINE#>6-17<#LINE#>ISCA-RJCS-2011-June13 _1_.pdf<#LINE#> 2 Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, PMB 1022, Keffi, NIGERIA @Department of Geography, Nasarawa State University, PMB 1022, Keffi, NIGERIA <#LINE#>28/4/2011<#LINE#>04/5/2011<#LINE#><#LINE#> @ @ Ademoroti C.M.A., Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Foludex Press Ltd; Ibadan, Nigeria, 20 – 30 (1996) @No $ @ @ Mark W. R., Ximing C. and Sarah A. C. World Water and Food to 2025; dealing with security. International Food Policy Research Institute, NY. Washington, DC. USA (2002) @No $ @ @ Edenam M. O., Omanu, A. M. and Fapetu O. M. Microbiological and physicochemical analyses of different sources of drinking water in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Nigeria J. Microbiology,15(1), 57 – 67 (2001) @No $ @ @ Aremu M.O. Environmental pollution by toxic heavy metals and its possible abatement for developing a healthy ecosystem. In: Environment Health and Nutrition:Global Perspective. BasuS. K. and Banik, S. D. (eds), APH Publishing Inc. New Delhi, India, 79 – 97 (2008) @No $ @ @ Adeyeye E.I. and Abulude F.O., Analytical assessment of some surface and ground water resources in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, J. Chem. Society, Nigeria, 39, 93 – 103 (2004) @No $ @ @ Aremu M. O., Sangari D. U., Musa B. Z., and Chaanda M. S. Assessment of groundwater and stream quality for trace metals and physicochemical contaminants in Toto local government area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Int. J. chem. Sci., 1(1) 8 – 19 (2008) @No $ @ @ Aremu M. O. and Inajoh A., Assessment of elemental contaminants in water and selected seafoods from River Benue, Nigeria. Current World Environment,2(2), 205 – 212 (2007) @No $ @ @ Cain J. R., Paschal D. C., Hayden C. M., Toxicity and bioaccumulation of cadmium in the colonial green algae (Scenedesmus obliquus). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.,  9 – 16 (1980) @No $ @ @ Atolaiye B. O., Aremu M. O., Shagye D. and Pennap G. I., Determination and concentration of some mineral elements in sediments, ambient water and the body parts of Clarias gariepinusi and Tilapia guineensis fishes in River Tammah, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Current World Environment, 1(2) 95 – 100 (2006) @No $ @ @ Aremu M.O. Atolaiye B.O., Shagye, D. and Moumouni A, Determination of trace metals in Tilapia zilli, Clarias lazera fishes associated with water and sediments from River Nasarawa in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Indian J. Multi. Res.,3(1), 159 – 168 (2007) @No $ @ @ Obaje N. G., Nzegbuna A. I., Moumouni A. and Ukaonu C. E. Geology and mineral resources of Nasarawa State. Bulletin of Department of Geology and Mining, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria(2005) @No $ @ @ Ibok U. J., Udosen E. D. and Udoidiong O. Heave metals in fishes from streams in Ikot Ekpene area of Nigeria. Nig. J. Tech. Res., 1, 61 – 68 (1989) @No $ @ @ American Public Health Association (APHA) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewaters, 19th ed., American Public Health Association (APHA), New York (1995) @No $ @ @ USEPA, United States Environmental Protection agency Current Drinking Water Standards. Office of Groundwater and Drinking Water: Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (2002) @No $ @ @ Adeyeye E.I. and Abulude F. O., Analytical assessment of surface and ground water resources in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. J. Chemical Soc. Nigeria,29, 93 – 103 (2004) @No $ @ @ Templeton R. G. Freshwater Fisheries Management Fishing. New Books Lted., Pamham, Survey, 183,(1984) @No $ @ @ Fleck H. Introduction to Nutrition, 3rd edn, New York, Macmillan (1976) @No $ @ @ Sutchcliffe J. F. and Baker D. A. Plants and Minerals Salt. Studies in Biology, No. 48, Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London, 61, (1974) @No $ @ @ Okoye C.O. B. Lead and other metals in dried fish from Nigerian markets. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.,52,825 – 832 (1994) @No $ @ @ Bebbinton C. N., MacCay N. J., Chvoijka R., William R. J., Dunn A and Anty E. H. Heavy metals, selenium and arsenic in nine species of Austrialian commercial fish. Aus. J. Mar. Freshwater Res.,28, 277 – 286 (1977) @No $ @ @ Lafantaiine A. Health effects of As. In: Trace Metals: Exposure and Health Effects. CEC and Pergamon Press, 107 – 116 (1979) @No $ @ @ Berma E. Toxic metals and their analysis, Herden, 85, (1980) @No $ @ @ Hutton, M. Human health concerns of lead, mercury and arsenic. In: Lead, Mercury, Cadmium and Arsenic in the Environment.Hutchinson, T. C. and Meema, K. M. (eds.). Wiley, SCOPE, 85 – 94 (1987) @No $ @ @ Nriagu J. O. A silent epidemic of environmental metal poisoning. Environ. Pollut., 50, 139 – 161 (1988) @No $ @ @ Ozturk M., Ozozen G., Minareci O. and Minareci E. Determination of heavy metals in fishes, water, sediments of Avsar dam lake in Turkey. Iran J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng., 6(2),73 – 80 (2009) @No $ @ @ Al-Weher S. M. Levels of heavy metals Cd, Cu and Zn in three fish species collected from the northern Jordan valley, Jordan. Jordan J. Biol. Sci.,1(1), 41 – 46 (2008) @No $ @ @ WHO, World Health Organization Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, 3rd edition, Vol. 1, Geneva (2004) @No 
<#LINE#>Synthesis and Characterisation of Silver Nanoparticles using High Electrical Charge Density and High Viscosity Organic Polymer<#LINE#>Mulongo@George,Mbabazi@Jolocam,Hak-Chol@Song<#LINE#>18-21<#LINE#>ISCA-RJCS-2011-June67 _2_.pdf<#LINE#> 1 Department of Chemistry, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, UGANDA @ Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, UGANDA <#LINE#>1/5/2011<#LINE#>28/5/2011<#LINE#><#LINE#> @ @  Haes A. J. and Van Duyne R. P., Nanosensors Enable Portable Detectors for Environmental and Medical Applications, Laser Focus World, 39, 153 (2003) @No $ @ @  Magdassi S., Bassa A., Vinetsky Y. and Kamyshny A., Silver Nanoparticles as Pigments for Water-based Ink-Jet Inks, Chem. Mater., 15, 2208 (2003) @No $ @ @   Nie S. and Emory S.R., Probing Single Molecules and Single Nanoparticles by Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering, Science, 275, 1102 (1997) @No $ @ @   Pradhan N., Pal A. and Pal T., Silver Nanoparticle Catalyzed Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 196(2), 247 (2002) @No $ @ @   Ye L., Lai Z., Liu J. and Tholen A., Effect of Ag Particle Size on Electrical Conductivity of Isotropically Conductive Adhesives, IEEE Trans. Electron. Packag. Manuf., 22(4), 299 (1999) @No $ @ @   Jana N.R., Gearheart L. and Murphy C.J.,Seed-Mediated Growth Approach for Shape Controlled Synthesis of Spheroidal and Rodlike Gold Nanoparticles using a Surfactant Template,Adv. Mater., 13, 1389 (2001) @No $ @ @  Chen S. and Carroll D.L., Synthesis and Characterization of Truncated Triangular Silver Nanoplates, Nano Lett., , 1003 (2002) @No $ @ @   Maillard M., Giorgio S. and Pileni M.P., Silver Nanodisks, Adv. Mater., 14, 1084 (2002) @No $ @ @   Yener D.O., Sindel J., Randall C.A. and Adair J.H., Synthesis of Nanosized Particles in Octylamine – Water Bilayer System, Langmuir18, 8692 (2002) @No $ @ @  Sun Y., Mayers B., Herricks T. and Xia Y., Transformation of Silver Nanospheres into Nanobelts and Triangular Nanoplates through a Thermal Process, Nano Lett.,, 675 (2003) @No $ @ @  Brust M., Walker M., Bethel D., Schiffrin D.J. and Whyman R., Synthesis of thiol-derivatised gold nanoparticles in a two-phase Liquid–Liquid system, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 7, 801 ( 1994) @No $ @ @  Sougata S., Jana A.D., Samanta S.K. and Mostafa G., Facile Synthesis of silver nanoparticles with highly efficient anti-microbial property, Polyhedron26, 4419 (2007) @No $ @ @  Murray C.B. and Sun S., Strategies of Large Scale Synthesis of Monodisperse Nanoparticles, US20016262129 (2001) @No $ @ @  Murray C.B., Norris D.J. and Bawendi M.G., Synthesis and characterization of nearly monodisperse CdE (E = S, Se, Te) semiconductor nanocrystallites, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 115, 8706 (1993) @No $ @ @  Hyeon T., Strategies of Large Scale Synthesis of Monodisperse Nanoparticles,US20040247503(2004) @No $ @ @  Alsop G.M., Waggy G.T. and Conway R.A., Bacterial Growth Inhibition Test, J. Water Poll. Control Fed., 52(10), 2452 (1980) @No $ @ @  Prashant J. and Pradeep T., Potential of Silver Nanoparticle-Coated Polyurethane Foam As an Antibacterial Water Filter, Biotech. Bioengineer., 90(1), 59 (2005) @No 
<#LINE#>Micellar Properties of Alkyltrimethyl Ammmonium Bromide in Aquo-organic Solvent Media<#LINE#>SantoshK.@Sar,Nutan@Rathod<#LINE#>22-29<#LINE#>ISCA-RJCS-2011-June70 _3_.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Engineering Chemistry, Bhilai Institute of Technology, Bhilai House, Durg (C.G.) INDIA@ Department of Chemistry, Govt V.Y.T. P.G. College, Durg (C.G.) INDIA <#LINE#>3/5/2011<#LINE#>18/5/2011<#LINE#> The thermodynamics of micellization and other micellar properties of cationic alkyl (C12, C14 and C16) trimethylammonium bromide surfactants in presence of water-dimethylformamide (5-20 % v/v) binary mixtures over a temperature range of 298-318 K have been studied conductometrically. On the basis of the results, the critical micelle concentration, degree of micellar ionization and thermodynamic parameters, free energy, enthalpy and entropy (m, and ) of micellization have been determined. The increase of critical micelle concentration with solvent mixtures has been discussed on the basis of water structure, solvent properties and hydrophobic interaction.                <#LINE#> @ @ Joshi J.V., Aswal V. K., Goyal P. S. and Bahadur P., Role of counterion of the surfactant    molecule on the micellar structure in aqueous solution, Curr. Sci.83, 47-52, (2002) @No $ @ @ Rodriguez A., Gracini M. and Moya M.L., Effects of addition  of polar organic solvents  on micellization,  Langmuir,24, 12785-12790 (2008) @No $ @ @ Lee Y.S. and Woo K.W., Micellization of Aqueous Cationic Surfactant Solutions at the Micellar Structure Transition Concentration—Based upon the Concept of the Pseudophase Separation, J. Colliod Interface Sci.,169, 34-38(1993) @No $ @ @ Palepu R.,  Gharibi M.,  Bloor D.M., and  Wyn-Jones E., The interaction between hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide  to polyethylene glycol with  different molecular weight and some Schiff-bases investigated by surfactant ion selective electrode, Langmuir, , 872- 880  (1992) @No $ @ @ Bakshi M.S., Cetylpyridinium chloride –tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide mixed micelle in ethylene glycol – water and diethylene glycol –water mixtures,  J. Chem Soc. Fardey Trans 89,  4323-4328 (1993) @No $ @ @ Zana R., Micellization of amphiphile, Colloid and Surfaces,A Physico chem. and Eng. Aspects,123, 27-34 (1997) @No $ @ @ Rodriguez A., Gracini M., Moya M.L.,  Munoz M. and  Del M., Effects of ethylene glycol addition on the aggregation and micellar growth of gemini surfactants,  Langmuir, 22,  9519-9524 (2006) @No $ @ @ Rodriguez A., Gracini M.M., Moya M.L. and Munoz M., WaterEthylene Glycol alkyltrimethylammonium Bromide Micellar Solutions as Reaction Media: Study of Spontaneous Hydrolysis of Phenyl Chloroformate, Langmuir, 19, 7206-7215 (2003) @No $ @ @ Gracini M.M., Moya M.L., Munoz. M. and Rodriguez A., Morphology of  polysorbritate  80 (Twin 80)  micelles in  aqueous 1,4- dioxane solution, 19, 8685-8692 (2003) @No $ @ @ Amis E.S., Solvent Effects on reaction rates and mechanism, Academic press: New York, (1966) @No $ @ @ Gracini M.M., Moya M.L., Munoz M.  and Rodriguez A., Micellar solution of sulfobetain surfactants in water ethylene glycol mixture : surface tension, fluoresecence, spectroscopic,  conductomeric and kinetic studies,  Langmuir, 21, 7161-7168 (2005) @No $ @ @ Kosower E.M., An Introduction to Physical Organic Chemistry:  John Wiley Sons:  New York, 259 (1968) @No $ @ @ Treiner C., Solubilization in surfactant aggregates, Ed by Christian S. and Scamehran  Marcel J. F. Dekker, New York (1995) @No $ @ @ Hazara P., Chakraborty D. and Sarkar N., Intra molecular charge transfer and salvation   dynamics of coumarin 152 in aerosol –OT  water –solubilizing  reverse micelles ,  and polar organic solvent solubilizing reverse micelles, Langmuir,  18, 7862-7869 (2002) @No $ @ @ Zana R., Dimeric (Gemini) Surfactant : Effect of the spacer group on the association behavior in aqueous solution, J Colloid Interface Sci., 248, 203-210 (2002) @No $ @ @ Song L.D. and Rosen M.J., Cleavable double chain surfactant with cationic and one  anionic head group that form vesicles, Langmuir, 12, 1149-1154 (1996) @No $ @ @ Xiang Y., Zeng X.C. and Xie J.Q.,  Synthesis and surface activity of novel triazole based  cationic   Gemini surfactants, J Colloid Interface Sci., 247, 366-374 (2002) @No $ @ @ Ghosh K.K., and  Baghel V., Micellar properties of  benzyldimethylammonium   bromide in aquo- organic solvent media, Indian J. Chem., 47A, 1230-1236 (2008) @No $ @ @ Kabir-ud-din, Sidddiqui U.S. and Kumar S., Micellization of monomeric and dimeric surfactants in polar non aqueous –water –mixed solvents, Colloid Polym. Sci., 284, 807-814 (2006) @No $ @ @ Rodriguez A., Gracini M.M., and  Moya M.L., Effects of Organic Solvent Addition on the Aggregation and Micellar Growth of Cationic Dimeric Surfactant 12-3-12,2Br, Langmuir, 23, 11496-11505 (2007) @No $ @ @ Kolay S., Ghosh K. K., Mac Donald A. and Palepu R. M., Micellization    behavior of          alkyltriphenyl-phosphonium   bromides  in ethylene glycol , diethylene glycol /  water  mixture. Themodynamic and kinetic investigation,  J. Solution Chem., 37, 59-63 (2008) @No $ @ @ Behra G.B. and  Panda L., Thermodynamics of micellization  part-1  micelle formation of CTAB, NaLS  and Triton X-100  in DMF- HO,  DMSO - HO  and  MeOH – HO system by dye incorporation method,  J. Indian Chem. Soc. 62, 44-52 (1985) @No $ @ @ Singh H.N., Saleem S.M., Singh R.P. and  Birdi K.S., Micelle formation of ionic  surfactants in polar nonaqueous solvents, J Phys Chem., 84, 2191- 2194 (1980) @No $ @ @ Rodriguez A., Gracini M.M., Moya M.L. and Munoz  M., Micellar Solutions of Sulfobetaine Surfactants in WaterEthylene Glycol Mixtures: Surface Tension, Fluorescence,  Spectroscopic,  Conductometric, and Kinetic Studies,  Langmuir, 21, 7161-7168 (2005) @No $ @ @ Bal S., Studies on -effect of hydroxamate ions in self organized assemblies.” Ph. D. Thesis, Pt.  Ravishankar Shukla  University Raipur (2009) @No $ @ @ Upadhaya S.K., Sharma P., Effect of temperature on micellization and thermodynamics of dissociation and association of copper soaps in benzene methanol mixture, Indian.  J. Chem,.34 A, 220-228 (1995) @No $ @ @ Kandpal N.D. and Sanwal H.K., Surface and thermodynamics properties of linear alkyl benzene sulfonate and sodium lauryl sulfate in water, Indian J Chem,.  45 A, 1405-1410 (2006) @No
<#LINE#>Simultaneous Adsorptive Removal of Cyanide and Phenol from Industrial Wastewater: Optimization of Process Parameters <#LINE#>RaviKiran@Vedula,Balomajumder@chandrajit<#LINE#>30-39<#LINE#>ISCA-RJCS-2011-June71 _4_.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, INDIA <#LINE#>3/5/2011<#LINE#>13/5/2011<#LINE#> Cyanide and phenol are found extensively in the effluents of refinery, coke plant, electroplating industries and are extremely dangerous to environment. Commercial granular activated carbon (GAC) was used as an adsorbent for the simultaneous removal of cyanide and phenol in the present study. The effect of process parameters such as pH, temperature (T), adsorbent dose (D) and contact time (t) on the performance of adsorption was investigated. Optimum pH was found to be 8 for simultaneous removal of cyanide and phenol. Temperature did not have any significant on cyanide removal, but phenol removal was observed to increase with the increase in temperature. Both compounds were optimally removed at 35 C. The percentage removal of compounds increased with an increase in the concentration of GAC. However the specific uptake did not increase on GAC concentration’s greater than 30 g/L, which was considered as the optimum dose of adsorbent. Removal of cyanide was slightly higher than that of phenol, but the difference is not significant, at optimum conditions.  <#LINE#> @ @ Ebbs S., Biological degradation of cyanide compounds, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 15(2004) @No $ @ @ Meikap M.C. and Roy G.K., Removal of phenolics from industrial waste water by Semifluidized Bed Bio reactor, J 1PHE., 3 (1997) @No $ @ @ Dash R.R., Gaur A. and Balomajumder C., Cyanide in industrial wastewaters and its removal: A review on biotreatment, J. Hazard. Mater.,163 (2009) @No $ @ @ Busca G., Berardinalli S., Resini C. and Arrighi L., Technologies for removal of phenol from fluid streams: A short review on recent developments, J. hazard. Mat.,160 265-288 (2008) @No $ @ @ Desai J.D. and Ramakrishna C., Microbial degradation of cyanides and its commercial application, J. Sci. Ind. Res., 57 (1998) @No $ @ @ Dash R.R., Balomajumdar C. and Kumar A., Treatment of metal cyanide bearing wastewater by simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation (SAB), J. Hazard. Mater.,152(2008) @No $ @ @ Parga J.R., Shukla S.S. and Carrillo-Pedroza F.R., Destruction of cyanidewaste solutions using chlorine dioxide, ozone and titania sol, Waste Manage., 23 (2003) @No $ @ @ Veeresh G.S., Kumar P. and Mehrotra I., Treatment of phenol and cresols in up flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) process: a review, Water Res.,39(2005) @No $ @ @  McKay G. and Bino M.J., Adsorption of pollutants onto activated carbon in fixed beds, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol.,37 (1987) @No $ @ @ Dash R.R.,  Kumar A. and Balomajumder C., Removal of cyanide from water and wastewater using granulated activated carbon, Chem. Eng. J., 146(2009) @No $ @ @ Huff J.E., Fochtman E.G. and Bigger J.M., Cyanide removal from refinery wastewater using powdered activated carbon, in: P.N. Cheremisinoff, F. Ellenbusch (Eds.), Carbon Adsorption Handbook, Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, MI (1978) @No $ @ @ Guo R., Chakrabarti C.L., Subramanian K.S., Ma X., Lu Y.,  Cheng J. and Pickering W.F., Sorption of low levels of cyanide by granular activated carbon, Water Environ. Res., 65 (1993) @No $ @ @ Adhoum N. and Monser L., Removal of cyanide fromaqueous solution usingimpregnated activated carbon, Chem. Eng. Process.,41 (2002) @No $ @ @ Srivastava V.C., Swamy M. M., Mall I.D., Prasad B. and Mishra I.M., Adsorptive removal of phenol by bagasse fly ash and activated carbon: Equilibrium, Kinetics and thermodynamics, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects., 272 (2006) @No $ @ @ El-Naas M.H., Al-Zuhair S. and Alhaija M.A., Removal of phenol from petroleum refinery wastewater through adsorption on date-pit activated carbon, Chem. Eng. J., 162 (2010) @No $ @ @  Girods P., Dufour A., Fierro V., Rogaume Y., Rogaume C., Zoulalian A. and Celzard A., Activated carbons prepared from wood particleboard wastes: Characterisation and phenol adsorption capacities, J. Hazard. Mater., 166 (2009) @No $ @ @ APHA, Standards Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC (2001) @No $ @ @ Elliott H.A. and Huang C.P., Adsorption characteristics of some Cu(II) complexes on alumino silicates, Water Res., 15 (1981) @No $ @ @ Dzombak D.A., Ghosh R.S. and Wong-Chong G.M., Cyanide in Water and Soil Chemistry, Risk and Management, Taylor and Francis Group, CRC Press, NW (2006) @No $ @ @ Adams M.D., Removal of cyanide from solution using activated carbon, Miner. Eng. 7 (2003) @No $ @ @ Blanco-Martínez D.A., Giraldo L. and Moreno-Piraján J.C., Effect of the pH in the adsorption and in the immersion enthalpy of monohydroxylated phenols from aqueous solutions on activated carbons, J. Hazard. Mater., 169 (2009) @No $ @ @ Richard D., Delgado M.L. and Schweich D., Adsorption of complex phenolic compounds on activated charcoal: adsorption capacity and isotherms, Chem. Eng. J., 148(2009) @No $ @ @ Laszlo K., Tombacz E. and Kerepesi P., Surface chemistry of nanoporous carbon and effect of pH of adsorption from aqueous phenol and 2,3,4 trichlorophenol solutions, Colloids Surface A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects., 230(2003) @No $ @ @ Mondal P., Majumder C.B. and Mohanty B., Effects of adsorbent dose, its particle size and initial arsenic concentration on the removal of arsenic, iron and manganese rom simulated groundwater by Fe3+ impregnated activated carbon, J. Hazard. Mater.,150 (2008) @No $ @ @ Swamy M. M., Studies on the treatment of phenolic wastewaters using adsorption and immobilized whole cells, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Roorkee, India (1998) @No
<#LINE#>Comparative Study of the Influence Effect of the Zinc Chloride (zncl2) and the Aluminium Chloride (alcl3) on the 1h-azirene Hydrochlorination<#LINE#>U.A.@Kuevi,Y.G.S.@Atohoun,A.G.@Kpotin,A.T.@Kpota-Houngue,@,J.B.@Mensah<#LINE#>40-48<#LINE#>ISCA-RJCS-2011-June73 _5_.pdf<#LINE#>  Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique et de Spectroscopie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques,  Université d’Abomey-Calavi, BENIN <#LINE#>3/5/2011<#LINE#>19/5/2011<#LINE#>Hydrochlorination of 1H-azirene (CN) is modeled without catalyst and with two catalysts: alumina chloride (AlCl) and zinc chloride (ZnCl) respectively. The product of the reaction performed without catalyst is 2-chloroethanimine; the same product is obtained when the reaction performed on alumina chloride.  With zinc chloride, the product of reaction is 2-chloroaziridine. On the basis of the calculations performed by HF, MP2 and DFT methods in lanl2dz basis set, a mechanism of each reaction has been proposed.  <#LINE#> @ @    Potapov V.P., Tataritchik S., Chimie Organique, Edition Mir, Moscou, 34,37,65,66, 74,161, 212 (1988) @No $ @ @    Freenentle M., Himiya v diéistvié, T. 2, Ed. Mir, Moscou., 440 (1991) @No $ @ @    Kuevi U.A. , Mensah  J.B., N’guessan T.Y., Theoretical study of catalytical hydrohalogenation of 1H-azirene Theoretical Aspect of Catalysis, 45-57 Heron Press Science Series, Sofia, (2009) @No $ @ @    Chaquin T., Pratique de la chimie Théorique, InterEditions (1995) @No $ @ @    Melius C.F. and Goddard W.A., Ab initio effective potentials for use in molecular quantum mechanics,Phys. Rev.,A 10, 1528–1540 (1974) @No $ @ @    Kahn L.R., Baybutt P. and Truhlar D.G., Ab initio effective core potentials: reduction of all-electron molecular structure calculations to calculations involving only valence electrons, J. Chem. Phys.,65, 3826-3853 (1976) @No $ @ @    Becke A.D., Density-functional thermochemistry III. The role of exact exchange, J. Chem. Phys., 98(7), 5648–5652(1993) @No $ @ @    Lee C.T., Yang W.T., Parr R.G., Development of the Colle-Salvetti correlation-energy formula into a functional of the electron density, Phys. Rev., B 37, 785–789 (1988) @No $ @ @   Pestman R., Koster R.M., Pieterse J.A.Z. and Ponec V., Reactions of Carboxylic Acids on Oxides 1. Selective Hydrogenation of Acetic Acid to Acetaldehyde,J. Catal.,168,255 (1997) @No $ @ @ Mensah J.B., Kuevi U., Atohoun G.Y.S., Etude Hartree-Fock de la denitrogénation catalytique de l’azirène et de l‘aziridine J. Soc., Ouest-Afr.Chim024, 35-44 (2007) @No $ @ @   Bart J.C.J., Ragaini V., Proceedings, Climax third International Conference on the the Chemistry and Uses of Molybdenum ( Barry H.F. and Mithell P.C.H. Eds), Climax Molybdenum Co Ann Arbor, Michigan, 19, (1979) @No $ @ @   Sieraalta A. and  Ruette F., H interaction with S atoms of a MoS modelled catalytic site : electronic density analysis for S-H formation J. Mol. Catal. A. Chem.109(3), 227-238  (1996) @No $ @ @   Bader  R.F.W.,  Atoms in molecules: a Quantum Theory, Clarendon Press, Oxford (1990) @No $ @ @   Protos J.; Coutrot P., Egali A., Chloro-2(nitro-3 phényl)-3 phényl-1 aziridinecarboxylate-2 de méthyle = Methyl 2-chloro-3(3-nitrophenyl)-1-phenyl-2-azidinecarboxylate Acta Cristallogr., Sect. C, Cryst. Struct. Commun 45(8), 1189-1192 (1989) @No $ @ @   Julia A. Aizina, Igor B. Rozentsveig, and Galina G. Levkovskaya, A novel synthesis of chloroacetamide derivatives via amidoalkylation of aromatics by2-chloro-2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl acetamide, Tetrhedon Lett.,46, 8889 (2005) @No
<#LINE#>Treatment of High Fluoride Drinking Water Using Bioadsorbent<#LINE#>V.@Veeraputhiran,G.@Alagumuthu<#LINE#>49-54<#LINE#>ISCA-RJCS-2011-June77 _6_.pdf<#LINE#>* Chemistry Research Centre, Sri Paramakalyani College, Alwarkurichi – 627412, INDIA <#LINE#>5/05/2011#LINE#>7/06/2011<#INE#>Recent surveys carried out to investigate the quality of groundwater in India indicated that some areas in the Dry Zone have the fluoride problem in endemics proportions. In these studies, it is clearly revealed that more than 60 percent of drinking water wells had fluoride levels exceeding 1.5 mg/L in the fluoride rich areas. Therefore, a technique for the defluoridation of fluoride-rich waters is necessary. This study describes the development of low cost effective adsorbent for the removal of dissolved fluoride in water using Phyllanthus emblica. The batch adsorption study was applied to analyze the defluoridating efficiency by varying contact time, adsorbent dose, adsorbate concentration, adsorbent particle size and presence of co-anions at neutral pH. Prepared adsorbent shows enhanced removal of fluoride by 82.1% at equilibrium contact time of 75 minutes. This study is a step in developing a general platform suitable for producing potable water that also specifically addresses the problem of fluoride removal. <#LINE#> @ @ Veeraputhiran V. and Alagumuthu G., A report on fluoride distribution in drinking water, Int. J. Envir. Sci.,1(4), 558-566 (2010) @No $ @ @ Alagumuthu G. and Rajan M., Monitoring of fluoride concentration in ground water of Kadayam block of Tirunelveli district, India, Rasayan J. Chem., 4, 757-765 (2008) @No $ @ @ WHO, International Standards for  Drinking  Water, 3rd ed., Geneva, (2008) @No $ @ @ Parthasarathy N., Buffle J. and Haerdi W., Combined use of calcium salts and polymeric aluminium hydroxide for defluoridation of wastewater, Water Res., 20(4), 443 (1986) @No $ @ @ Raichur A. M. and Basu J., Adsorption of fluoride onto mixed rare earth oxides, Sep. Purif. Technol., 24, 12 (2001) @No $ @ @ Agarwal M., Rai K., Shrivastav R. and Dass S., Deflouridation of water using amended clay, J. Clean. Prod.,11, 439 (2003) @No $ @ @ Lounici H., Belhocine D., Grib H., Drouiche M., Pauss A. and Mameri N., Fluoride removal with electro-activated alumina, Desalination, 161, 287 (2004) @No $ @ @ Pant K. K. and Ghorai S., Equilibrium, kinetics and breakthrough studies for adsorption of fluoride on activated alumina, Sep. Purif. Technol., 42, 265 (2005) @No $ @ @ Chauhan V. S., Dwivedi P. K. and Iyengar L., Investigations on activated alumina based domestic defluoridation units, J. Hazard. Mater., B139, 103 (2007) @No $ @ @ Pant K. K. and Ghorai S., Investigations on the column performance of fluoride adsorption by activated alumina in a fixed-bed, Chem. Eng. J., 98, 165 (2004) @No $ @ @ Maliyekkal S. M., Sharma A. K. and Philip L., Manganese-oxide-coated alumina: A promising sorbent for defluoridation of water, Water Res., 40, 3497 (2006) @No $ @ @ Das N., Pattanaik P. and Das R., Defluoridation of drinking water using activated titanium rich bauxite, J. Colloid Interface Sci., , 292 (2005) @No $ @ @ Gupta V.K., Ali I. and Saini V.K., Defluoridation of wastewaters using waste carbon slurry, Water Res., 41, 3307(2007) @No $ @ @ Fan X., Parker D.J. and Smith M.D., Adsorption kinetics of fluoride on low cost materials, Water Res., 37, 4929 (2003) @No $ @ @ Srivastava V., Mall I. D. and Mishra I. M., Adsorption of toxic metal ions onto activated carbon study of sorption behaviour through characterization and kinetics, Chem. Eng. Process., 47, 1269 (2008) @No $ @ @ Cheng W., Dastgheib S. A. and Karanfil T., Adsorption of dissolved natural organic matter by modified activated carbons, Water Res., 39, 2281 (2005) @No $ @ @ Huang H., Lub M., Chen J. and Lee C., Catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and 4-chlorophenol in the presence of modified activated carbons, Chemosphere, 51, 935 (2003) @No $ @ @ Barkat M., Nibou D., Chegrouche S. and Mellah A., Kinetics and thermodynamics studies of chromium(VI) ions adsorption onto activated carbon from aqueous solutions, Chem. Eng. Process.: Process Intensif.,48 (1), 38-47(2009) @No $ @ @ Mondal P., Majumder C. B. and Mohanty B., Effects of adsorbent dose, its particle size and initial arsenic concentration on the removal of arsenic, iron and manganese from simulated ground water by Fe3+ impregnated activated carbon, J. Hazard. Mater., 150, 695 (2008) @No $ @ @ Alagumuthu G. and Rajan M., Equilibrium and kinetics of adsorption of fluoride onto zirconium impregnated cashew nut shell carbon, Chem. Eng. J.,158, 451–457 (2010) @No $ @ @ Alagumuthu G. and Rajan M., Kinetic and equilibrium studies on fluoride removal by zirconium (IV) – impregnated ground nutshell carbon, Hem. ind.,64 (4), 295–304 (2010) @No $ @ @ Alagumuthu G., Veeraputhiran V. and Rajan M., Fluoride removal from water using activated and MnO2-coated Tamarind Fruit (Tamarindus indica) shell:Batch and column studies, J. Hazard. Mater., 183, 956-957 (2010) @No $ @ @ Ramos R.L., Ovalle-Turrubiarters J. and Sanchez-Castillo M. A., Adsorption of fluoride from aqueous solution on aluminum-impregnated carbon, Carbon, 37, 609 (1999) @No $ @ @ Alagumuthu G., Veeraputhiran V. and Venkataraman R., Fluoride sorption using Cynodon dactylon based activated carbon, Hem. ind.,65(1), 23-35, (2011) @No $ @ @ American Public Health Association, Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water, Washington, 14th Edition, (2007) @No $ @ @ Sujana M. G., Pradhan H. K. and Anand S., Studies on sorption of some geomaterials for fluoride removal from aqueous solutions, J. Hazard. Mater.,161, 120 – 125 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sujana M. G., Thakur R. S. and Rao S. B., Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution by using alum sludge, J. Colloid Interf. Sci.,206,94–101 (1998) @No
<#LINE#>Bioleaching Treatment of Abu Zeneima Uraniferous Gibbsite Ore Material for Recovering U, REEs, Al and Zn<#LINE#>H.A.@Ibrahim,El-Sheikh@E.M.<#LINE#>55-66<#LINE#>ISCA-RJCS-2011-June79 _7_.pdf<#LINE#> Nuclear Materials Authority, P.O. box 530 El Maadi, Cairo, EGYPT <#LINE#>9/5/2011<#LINE#>20/5/2011<#LINE#>The chemical processing of the mineralized gibbsite ore material of Um Bogma formation occurring at Abu Zeneima area of Sinai has been studied for the recovery of its metal values .A technological sample assaying 26.43% Al2O3 , 0.43% Zn, 0.49% Rare earth (REEs) and 500ppm U has thus been subjected to several bioleaching experiments to avoid excessive acid consumption. In these experiments, the autotrophic bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans was used and the relevant leaching conditions were optimized. From properly prepared pregnant sulfate leach liquor, the leached metal values were recovered in the form of marketable products. <#LINE#> @ @ Mahdy M.A., Dabbour G.A. and El Assy I.E., Leaching characteristics of uraniferous siltstone of Wadi Nsib, Sinai, Egypt. 4th Nucl. Sc. Conf., Cairo (1988) @No $ @ @  Mahdy M.A., Metall. of Uranium, Saskatchewan, Canada. Potentialities of Percolations Leaching of Uraniferous Siltstone from Wadi Nasib, Egypt. TECDOC, IAEA, Vienna (1989) @No $ @ @  Amer T.E., Mahdy M.A., El Hazek N.T., El Bayoumi R. and Hassanein S, Application of acid pugging and ferric salts leaching onWest Central Sinai uraniferous siltstone, Proc. Int. Symp. Process (2000) @No $ @ @  Abdel Moneim A., Uranium Extraction from Abu Zeneima Sedimentary Ore Material, Sinai, Egypt; Ph.D. Thesis, Fac. Sc., El- Mansoura Univ., Egypt (2005) @No $ @ @  Abdel Fattah N.A., Uranium Extraction from Gibbsite- Bearing Sediments and other Economic Elements by Using Solvents and Organic Compounds (Abu Zeneima Area, Sinai, Egypt); M. Sc. Thesis, Fac. Sc., Zagazig Univ., Egypt ( 2003) @No $ @ @  Amer T.E., Geochemistry and Extraction of U, Cu and Mn from the Ore Materials of the Uraniferous Paleozoic Sedimentary Rock, West Central Sinai, Egypt; Ph. D. Thesis, Fac. Sc., Cairo Univ., Cairo ( 1997) @No $ @ @  El Hazek M.N., Ahmed F.Y , El Kasaby M.A. and Attia R.M. a Sulfuric acid leaching of polymetallic Abu Zeneima gibbsite-shale , Hydrometallurgy, 34–39 (2008) @No $ @ @   Amer T.E., EL-Hazek M.N, Abd EL-Fattah N.A, EL-Shamy A.S, Abd-Ella W.M and EL-Shahat M.F., Processing of Abu Zenima mineralized gibbsite ore material for the recovery of aluminium,zinc and individual light rare earthoxides, journal of Middle EastRadioactive Isotopes Center (2010) @No $ @ @   Riekkola-Vanhanen M., Sivelä C., Viguera F. and Tuovinen O.H., Effect of pH on the biological leaching of a black schist ore containing multiple sulfide minerals. In: Ciminelli, V.S.T., Garcia Jr., O. (Eds.), Biohydrometallurgy: Fundamentals, Technology and Sustainable Development Part A, Bioleaching, Microbiology and Molecular Biology. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 167–174 (2005) @No $ @ @  Boseker K., Bioleaching: metal solubilization by microorganisms. FEMS Microbiol. Rev., (20) 591–604 (1997) @No $ @ @  Shapiro L and Barnnock W.W., Rapid analysis of silicate, carbonate and phosphate rocks, U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull, 1114 (1962) @No $ @ @   Mousavi S.M., Yaghmaei S., Vossoughi M., Jafari c, Ebrahimi A. M., Habibollahnia C. and Turunen O.I., The effects of Fe(II) and Fe(III) concentration and initial pH on microbial leaching of low-grade sphalerite ore in a column reactor Bioresource Technology,(99), 2840–2845 (2008) @No $ @ @  Ibrahim H.A., Bioleaching of some heavey metals by microorganisms from some ore in Egypt, ph.D. Thesis University of Ain Shams, Faculty of agriculture, 150 (2007) @No $ @ @  Marczenko Z., Spectrophotometric Determination of Elements, John Wiley and sons, Inc., New York, 57-59 (1986) @No $ @ @  Mathew K. J. , Bürger S., Ogt S. V , Mason P.M.E.M. and Narayanan U. I., Uranium assay determination using Davies and Gray titration: an overview and implementation of GUM for uncertainty evaluation from the issue entitled Proceedings of The Eighth International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry (Marc Viii) Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, 5-10 (2009) @No $ @ @  Ingledew W.J., Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. The bioenergetics of an acidophitic chemolithotroph., Biochim, Biophysacta-BR, (3), 89-117, (683)  (1982) @No $ @ @  Munoz J.A., Gonzalez F., Blazquez M.L. and Ballester A., Study of the bioleaching of Spanish uranium ore, A review of the bacterial leaching in the treatment of uranium ores, Hydrometallurgy,(38),39-57, (1995) @No $ @ @  Bosecker K. Bacterial leaching of a carbonate bearing uranium ore Australian Academy of Science, (32), 577-58 (1980) @No $ @ @  Tyagi R.D., Blais J.F., Deschenes L., Lafrance P., Villeneuve, J.P., Comparison of microbial sulfuric acid production in sewage sludge from added sulfur and thiosulfate, J. Environ. Qual., (23), 1065–1070 (1994) @No $ @ @  Bhatti T.M., Malik K.A., Khalid A.M. and Malik K.A., Microbial leaching of low grade sandstone uranium ores: column leaching studies. Biotechnology for energy, proceeding of international symposium on biotechnology for energy Faisalabad, Pakistan,329-340(1989) @No $ @ @  Ibrahim H.A., Bio extraction of uranium from some Egyptian ores by microorganisms, M.Sc. Thesis University of Ain Shams, Faculty of agriculture, 140 (2001) @No $ @ @  Ravishankar B.R., Blais J.F., Benmoussa H. and Tyagi R.D. , Bioleaching of metals from sewage sludge: elementalsulfur recovery , J. Environ. Eng., (120), 462–470, (1994) @No $ @ @  Garcia O. and Junior B. , Bacterial leaching of uranium fro figueire P.R. ,Barazil at laboratory and pilot scale, FEMS Microbiology review(11), 237-242 (1993) @No $ @ @  Merritt R.C., Extractive metallurgy of uranium Colorado schoolof Mines Research Inst., olden clorado (1971) @No $ @ @  Preuss A. and Kurrin R.A., general survey of types and characteristics of ion exchange resin used in uranium recoveryc.f. Technical reports series no. 359 international atomic energy agency, vienna (1965) @No
<#LINE#>Production of Polyhydroxybutyrate (phb) by Pseudomonas Putida Strain kt2440 on Cassava Hydrolysate Medium <#LINE#>M.O.@Aremu@,E.F.@Aransiola,S.K.@Layokun,B.O.@,Solomon<#LINE#>67-73<#LINE#>ISCA-RJCS-2011-June80 _8_.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, NIGERIA @  Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, NIGERIA @ National Biotechnology Development Agency (NABDA), Abuja, NIGERIA<#LINE#>9/5/2011<#LINE#>22/5/2011<#LINE#>The potential of local strain of Pseudomonas putida strain KT2440 in polyhydroxbutyrate production was investigated in this study. This was done to establish the capabilities of local strains to utilize renewable and locally available substrates in polyhydroxybutyrate production. It involved hydrolysis of extracted starch from freshly harvested cassava tubers using enzyme-enzyme hydrolysis method, followed by aerobic fermentation using Pseudomonas putida in batch cultures on a mixture of the hydrolysate and nutrient media. The reducing sugar hydrolysate served as the carbon source while di- ammonium sulphate was the source of Nitrogen. The reaction temperature, pH and agitation rate in the fermentor were maintained at 30 C, 7.5 and 400 rpm respectively. The biomass growth was measured by cell dry weight and the polyhydroxybutyrate content measured by gas chromatographic method. The results obtained showed that the medium supported the growth of the organism. After 72 h fermentation, the substrate consumption by the organism was 8.88 g/l to give a dry cell weight of 0.91 g/l, resulting in a biomass yield on substrate (Yx/s) of 0.1025 g g-1. The gas chromatographic analysis gave a final polyhydroxybutyrate value of 0.2285 g/l with corresponding product yield on biomass (Y p/x) of 0.2511 g g-1 (25.11%) and product yield on substrate (Yp/s) of 0.0257 g g-1. It can be concluded that Pseudomonas putida strain KT2440 has capability to utilize cheap, renewable and locally available substrates in polyhydroxybutyrate production. Also, comparing the result of the present study with those from the previous ones showed that although Pseudomonas putida strain KT2440 accumulated polyhydroxybutyrate lower than the usual value in excess of 50 % of the cell dry weight given by various strains of microorganisms during polyhydroxybutyrate production it is a potential candidate for polyhydroxybutyrate production.  <#LINE#> @ @   Anderson A. J. and Dawes E. A., Occurrence, metabolism, metabolic role, and industrial uses of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates, Microbiol. Rev.,  54, 450-472 (1990) @No $ @ @   Aransiola E.F., Betiku E., Adetunji O.A. and Solomon B.O., Production of Baker’s Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae) from raw Cassava Starch Hydrolysates in a Bioreactor under Batch Process. Biotechnol.,5(1), 98 – 103 (2006) @No $ @ @   Aransiola E.F., Adetunji O.A., Aremu M.O. and Solomon B.O., Fed-batch production of Baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae) from cassava      Manihot esculenta) starch hydrolysate, Ife J. Sci., 10(1), 39 – 44 (2008) @No $ @ @  Aremu M.O., Layokun S.K. and Solomon B.O., Production of poly (3- hydroxybutyrate)        from cassava starch hydrolysate by Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIB 950. Am. J.        Sci. Ind. Res., 1(3), 421-426 (2010a) @No $ @ @   Beaulieu M., Beaulieu Y., Melinard J., Pandian S. and Goulet J., Influence of ammonium salts and cane molasses on growth of Alcaligenes eutrophus and production of polyhydroxybutyrate, Appl, Environ, Microbiol, 61,165-168 (1995) @No $ @ @   Brandl H., Gross R. A., Lenz R.W. and Fuller R.C., Pseudomonas oleovorans as a source of poly (-hydroxyalkanoates) for potential applications as biodegradable polyesters. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.54, 1977-1982(1988) @No $ @ @   Choi J. and Lee S.Y., Factors affecting the economics of polyhydroxyalkaonoate production by bacterial fermentation. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 51, 13-21(2001a) @No $ @ @   Du G., Si Y., and Yu J, Inhibitory effect of medium-chain-length fatty acid on synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates from volatile fatty acid by Ralstonia eutrophus.Biotechnol. Lett.23, 613-617 (2001a) @No $ @ @   Du G. and Yu J, Green technology for conversion of food scraps to biodegradable    thermoplastic polyhydroxyalkanoates. Environ. Sci.Technol.36, 511 – 516 (2002b) @No $ @ @   El-Holi M. A. and Al-Delaimy K.S., Citric Acid Production from Whey with Sugars and Additives by Aspergillus niger. Afr. J. Biotechnol.2, 356-359 (2003) @No $ @ @   Gaouar O., Aymard C., Zakhia N. and Rios G.M., Enzymatic hydrolysis of cassava starch into maltose syrup in a continuous membrane reactor, J. Chem.  Technol. Biotechnol.,69, 367–375 (1997b) @No $ @ @  Hocking P.J. and Marchessault R.H., Biopolyesters. In Chemistry and Technology of Biodegradable Polymers ed. Griffin, G.M.L. Blackie Academic and Professional, Chapman & Hall., 48-96 (1994) @No $ @ @   Kim B.S., Production of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) from inexpensive substrates, Enzy. Microb. Technol.,27, 774-777 (2000) @No $ @ @   Leaversuch R. D., Industry weighs need to make polymers biodegradable, Mod. Plast. 64, 52-55 (1987) @No $ @ @   Lee B., Pometto A. L., Fratzke A. and Bailey T. B., Biodegradation of Degradable plastic polythene by Phanerochaeteand Streptomyces speciesAppl. Environ. Microbiol. 57, 678-685(1991) @No $ @ @  Lee S.Y., Bacterial Polyhydroxyalkanoates, A Review. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 49,1-14 (1996) @No $ @ @  Marchessault, P., Fermentation methods for theproduction of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) by     Alcaligeneseutrophus DSM 545. MSc Thesis,McGill University Canada (1996) @No $ @ @   Miller G.L., Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar, Anal. Chem.,31, 426-428 (1959) @No $ @ @  Omemu A.M., Akpan I., Bankole M.O. and Teniola O.D., Hydrolysis of raw tuber starches by amylase of Aspergillus niger AM07 isolated from the soil. Afr. J. Biotechnol.4, 19–25(2005) @No $ @ @  Poirier Y., Nawrath C. and Somerville C., Production of polyhydroxyalkanoate, A family of Biodegradable plastics and Elastomers in bacteria and plants, A review, Biotechnol.,13, 142-150 (1995) @No $ @ @   Purushothaman M.A., Narayama R.K.I.S., Jayaraman V.K., Industrial byproducts as cheaper medium components inuencing the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)-biodegradable plastics, Bioproc. Biosys.  Engineering24, 131–136 (2001) @No $ @ @  Riis V. and Mai I., Gas chromatographic determination of poly--hydroxybutyric acid in     microbial biomass after hydrochloric acid propanolysis. J. Chromatograp.445, 285-9(1988) @No $ @ @  Rusendi D. and Sheppard J.D., Hydrolysis of potato processing waste for the production of poly--hydroxybutyrate, Elsevier J. Biores. Tech.,54, 191-196 (1995) @No $ @ @   Santimano M.C., Nimali N. P. and Garq S., PHA Production Using Low-Cost Agro- Industrial Wastes by Bacillus sp. Strain COL1/A6. J. Microbiol, 4(3), 89 – 96 (2009) @No $ @ @  Steinbüchel A. and Fuchtenbusch B., Bacteria and other biological systems for polyester production. TIBTEC,16, 419-427 (1998) @No $ @ @  Suzuki T., Yamane T. and Shimizu S., Mass Production of Poly-- hydroxybutyric Acid by Fully Automatic Fed-batch Culture of Methylotroph. Appl,  Microbiol, Biotechnol,23, 322-329 (2001) @No $ @ @   Wu Q., Huang H., Hu G.H., Chen J., Ho K.P. and Chen G.Q., Production of poly- 3- hydroxybutyrate by Bacillus sp. JMa5 cultivated in molasses media. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 80, 111-118 (2001) @No $ @ @  Yasser E. and Alexander S., Large - scale production of Poly (3-hydroxyoctanoic acid) by Pseudomonas Putida GP01 and a simplified downstream process.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol.75(3),  643-651(2009) @No
<#LINE#>Stress Degradation Studies and Development of Validated Stability Indicating Method for Assay of Mirtazapine <#LINE#>K.P.@Bhusari,M.R.@Tajne,R.H.@Ahmed<#LINE#>74-79<#LINE#>ISCA-RJCS-2011-June82 _9_.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sharad Pawar college of Pharmacy, Wanadongri, Hingna Road, Nagpur, INDIA @ Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagpur. INDIA <#LINE#>15/5/2011<#LINE#>30/5/2011<#LINE#>This study describes the development and validation of stability indicating RP-HPLC method for Mirtazapine, an antidepressant drug. In order to investigate the stability of drug, a stress testing of drug sample by exposing it to variety of forced degradation conditions has been recommended. Mirtazapine was subjected to stress degradation1 under different conditions recommended by International conference on Harmonization (ICH). The ICH guideline gives parameters to be considered when validating methods, the objective of validation of an analytical procedure is to demonstrate that it is suitable for its intended purpose. Stress testing methods are screening methods to be used to understand the degradation chemistry of a drug and therefore do not need to be validate to the extent of final control methods. The sample so generated was used to develop a stability indicating High Performance liquid Chromatographic method for Mirtazapine. The chromatographic separation of Mirtazapine and its degradation products was done on C18 column. The mobile phase containing mixture of Water and Acetonitrile in ratio 80:20 was found to be most satisfactory at a flow rate of 1mllmin. Detection was carried out using single wavelength detector at 225nm. The retention time under optimized chromatographic condition was found to be 8.43 minutes, with asymmetry of 1.50. A good linear response was observed in the range of 5-25ug/ml. The method showed good recoveries (average 101.37). <#LINE#> @ @ Ahuja S. and Alsante K.M, - Handbook of Isolation and characterization of Impurities in Pharmaceuticals, Academic Press, California (2005) @No $ @ @ Kats M., Ph.D. Forced and degradation studies: Regulatory Considerations and Implementation, Biopharm Intl, July 1, ( 2005) @No $ @ @ The United States Pharmacopoeia 30 / National Formulary 25, The United States Pharmacopoeial Convection, Rockville, (a) 2671-2672, (b) 2866 – 2868, (c) 3032 – 3033, (2007) @No $ @ @ Maris F.A., Dingler E. and Niehves S., HPLC chromatographic assay with fluorescence detection for the routine monitoring of the antidepressant Mirtazapine and its demethyl metabolite in human plasma, J.Chromatogr. B; Biomedical Sciences and Applications, 721, (2), 309 – 316, (1999) @No $ @ @ Meineke I, Kress I., Wolfgang P., Eckart R. Brockmoller J., Therapeutic Drug monitoring of Mirtazapine and its Metabolite Desmethyl Mirtazapine by HPLC with Flourescence Detection, TDM(26), (3), 277-283 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ptaek P., Klima J. and Macek J., Determination of Mirtazapine in human plasma by liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr B; 794, (2), 323-328 (2003) @No $ @ @ Dallet L.L., Kummer P.E., Dubost J.P., Spectrophotometric HPLC, CZE determination of Mirtazapine in Pharmaceutical tablets. J Pharm Biomed Anal., (2), (365-371) (2002) @No $ @ @ Dodd S., Burrows G.D. and Norman T.R., Chiral determination of Mirtazapine in human blood plasma by High Performance Liquid Chromatography, J. Chromatogr. B, Biomedical Sciences and Applications, 748, (2), 439-443 (2000) @No
<#LINE#>Studies on the Effect of Mulberry Leaves of Lune Variety on Silkworm (Bombyx Mori l) Rearing in Polluted Environment of Gangetic Plains of West Bengal, India <#LINE#> Manisankar@Ghosh,Aniruddha@Mukhopadhyay,UjjalKumar@Mukhopadhyay<#LINE#>80-89<#LINE#>ISCA-RJCS-2011-June83 _10_.pdf<#LINE#>. University of Calcutta, Department of Environmental Science, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, INDIA @ West Bengal Pollution Control Board, Bldg 10A, Block LA, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata-700098, INDIA <#LINE#>16/5/2011<#LINE#>30/5/2011<#LINE#> Silkworm (Bombyx mori L), is a monophagous insect. It has a great economic importance for its golden natural fibre. But environmental pollution due to automobile emissions and other man made factors in the ambient air of Gangetic West Bengal has a great impact on silkworm rearing. Generally two mulberry varieties, viz, S1 and S1635 are used as food for silkworm in Gangetic West Bengal. But Lune40, a Chinese variety exhibits better results in the same macro-environment in respect of leaf fresh weight (g), leaf area (cm2), leaf yield / plant (kg) shoot yield / per plant (kg) etc. The physio-biochemical analysis of mulberry leaves of above mentioned varieties exhibit that Lune 40 variety has higher leaf quality in similar agro climate and ambient environment than S1 and S1635 variety. Rearingof silkworm with Lune 40 help silkworm for their growth and higher vigor in final instar. Silkworm’s intake less amount of Lune 40 leaves to produce more cocoon weight and filament length than the other two. Silkworms reared with Lune40 are less susceptible to diseases. So it could be propagated for better crop harvest in the polluted environment of Gangetic West Bengal by replacing S1 and S1635 variety. <#LINE#> @ @   Kapalan D., Adams W W. Farmer B. and Viney C., Silk Biology, structure, properties and genetics, ACS Symp Se,r544, 216 (1994) @No $ @ @    Rajanna G.S., Studies on the variability and interrelationship between some qualitative characters in different breeds of silkworms, Bombyx mori L. Sericologia., 30, 67-73 (1991) @No $ @ @  Yamishit O., Hasegawa K. and Seki M., Mobilization of Carbohydrates in tissues of female silkworm Bombyx mori l during metamorphosis, J. Insect physiol L,70, 1749-1760 (1974) @No $ @ @   Ghosh M.K., Physio-biochemical evaluation of some improved mulberry varieties in the gangetic alluvial soils under irrigated condition,  Indian. J. Plant Physiol., 11(3),246-252 (2006) @No $ @ @   Lowry O.H., Rose Prough  N.J., Farr A. L and Randal R.J., Protein measurement with phenol reagent, J. of Biochemistry., 193, 265-275 (1951) @No $ @ @   Morris D.I, Quantitative determination of carbohydrate with dry woods enthrones reagent, Science107, 254-255 (1948) @No $ @ @   Arnon D. I, Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Phenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris, J. Plant. Physiol, 24,1-15 (1949) @No $ @ @   Bray H. and Thorp W.V., Analysis of phenolic components of interests in metabolism, Methods.Biochem.Annals, , 27-52 (1954) @No $ @ @   Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), In: Air quality guidelines for Europe. Copenhagen, Wold Health Organizations Regional Office for Europe, 105-117 (1987) @No $ @ @   Sowri D.M.K., Venkatesh K.H. and Sarangi S. K., Effect of feeding Tender leaves on the levels of protein and total sugar during fifth instars development of silkworm Bombyx mori L., Advances in Indian Sericulture Research,301-304 (2001) @No $ @ @   Chattopadhyay A. K., Relationship of Phenol and sugars in Alternaria blight resistance of rapeseed mustard, Indian J.Mycol. Res., 27, 195-199 (1989) @No $ @ @   Anita N., Biochemical studies on the mid gut protease of the silkworm, Bombyx mori., PhD Thesis, Bangalore University, Bangalore, India, 91(1998) @No $ @ @   Wytt G. R. and Kalf G.F., The Chemistry of Insect haemolymph, I, Trehalose and other carbohydrates, J. Gen,  physioL,  40, 833-847 (1957) @No $ @ @  James A. O. and Akaranta O., Inhibition of Zinc in Hydrochloric acid solution by Red Onion Skin Acetone extract, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(1), 31-37 (2011) @No 
<#LINE#>Thermodynamic and Viscometric Evaluation of Biodiesel and Blends from Olive Oil and Cashew Nut Oil <#LINE#>Linus N.@ Okoro.,Fadila I.@ Sambo,Mukhtar@Lawal,Nwaeburu@Clifford<#LINE#>90-97<#LINE#>ISCA-RJCS-2011-June84 _11_.pdf<#LINE#>

Department of Petroleum Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, American University of NIGERIA @ Lamido Zubairu Way, Yola By-Passs. P.M.B. 2250 Yola, Adamawa State, NIGERIA <#LINE#>20/5/2011<#LINE#>28/5/2011<#LINE#> Biodiesel is a monoalkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable feedstock like vegetable oils and animal fats. It is produced by transesterification in which oil or fat is reacted with a monohydric alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. In this research, transesterification process was used to convert olive oil and cashew nut oil into biodiesel (methyl ester). The selected material used in the preparation of this biodiesel was methanol, alkaline catalyst (KOH), constant temperature of 70 C at 1.5hrs, to optimize the experimental conditions for maximum biodiesel yield. The thermodynamic properties of the biodiesel produced such as heat content of the pure biodiesel (B100) and the blends were investigated. <#LINE#> @ @ CIA., Central intelligence agency fleet alternative fuel use and vehicle acquisition report. The world fact book, available at http://www.cia.gov/cia/publication (2007) @No $ @ @ Hossain A.B., Nasrulhaq B.A., Salleh A. and Chandran S., Biodiesel Production from waste Soybean Oil Biomass as Renewable Energy and Environmental Recycled Process, African J. of Biotech, 9, 4233-4240 (2010) @No $ @ @ Tony P., Global Trends in Transport Fuels and the Role of Natural Gas, Sasol Chevron Australian Gas toLiquidsProject-http://aie.org.au/Content/NavigationMenu/PerthBranch/PastEvents (2003) @No $ @ @ Laguë C.M., Lo K.V and Staley L.M., Waste vegetable oil as a diesel fuel extender., Can. Agric. Eng., 30, 27-32 (1988) @No $ @ @ Mittelbach M. and Enzelsberger H., Transesterification of heated rapeseed oil for extending diesel fuel,     JAOCS, 76, 545-550 (1999) @No $ @ @ Cankci M. and Van Gerpen., Biodiesel production via acid catalyst, Transactions of the American Society of Agric. Eng., 42, 1203-1210 (1999) @No $ @ @ Clark S.J., Anger L.W., Schrock M.D., Pinnaar P.G., Testing of alternate diesel fuel form tallow and soybean oil in Cummins N14 – 410 diesel engine. JAOCS61, 1632 – 1638, (1984) @No $ @ @ Ma F. and Hanna M., Biodiesel production – A review. Bioresource Tech70, 1 – 15, (1998) @No $ @ @ Tat M.E., Van Gerpen J.H. and Wang P.S., Fuel property effects on injection timing, ignition timing and oxides of nitrogen emissions from biodiesel-fueled engines, Ame. Soc. of Agric. Eng, 50, 1123–1128 (2007) @No $ @ @ Zhang Y., Dubé M.A. and McLean D.D. and Kates M., Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: Process design and technological assessment, Bioresource Tech, 89, 1-6 (2003) @No $ @ @ Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Technical Chemistry. 6th edn Electronic Release, Wiley-VCH; Bailey’s Industrial Oil & Fat Products, edited by Y.H.Hui, Wiley-Interscience, New York, (1996) @No $ @ @ Graboski M.S and Mc Cormick R.L., Combustion of fats and vegetable oil derived fuels in diesel engines, Progress in Energy and Comb. Sci, 24, 125 – 164 (1998) @No $ @ @ Altin R., Cetinkaya S. and Yucesu HS., Energy Converters, Mgt42, 529 – 538 (2001) @No $ @ @ Formo M.W., Physical properties of fats and fatty acids. Bailey’s Industrial Oil and Fat Products, 4th Edition., John Wiley and Sons, New York, Vol.1,(1979) @No $ @ @ Wang Y., Liu X., He H., Zhu S., Investigation of Biodiesel Production from Canola Oil using Mg-Al Hydrotalcite Catalysts. Cat. Comms, 8, 1107-1111 (2007) @No $ @ @ Chang D.Y., VanGerpen J.H., Lee I., Johnson L.A., Hammond E.G. and Marley S.J., Metathesis of methyl soyate with ruthenium catalysts, JAOCS73, 1549 – 1555 (1996) @No $ @ @ Reddy C.R., Oshel R. Verkade J.G., Room-temperature conversion of soybean oil and poultry fat to biodiesel catalysed by nanocrystalline calcium oxides, Energy Fuels20,1310-1314 (2006) @No $ @ @ Xie W., Peng H. and Chen L., Calcined Mg-Al Hydrotalcites as solid base catalyst for methanolysis of soybean oil, Journal of Mol. Cat., 246, 24-32 (2005) @No $ @ @ Yusuf N. and Sirajo, M., An experimental study of biodiesel synthesis from groundnut oil, Aus. J. Applied Sci., 3, 1623-1629 (2009) @No $ @ @ Knothe G. and  Steidley  K.R.,  Kinematic Viscosity of Biodiesel Fuel Components and Related Compounds, Fuel, 84, 1059-1065 (2005) @No $ @ @ Tat, M.E., Van G. and Jon H., The kinematic Viscosity of Biodiesel and its blend with Diesel Fuel. JAOCS, 12, 76, (1999) @No $ @ @ Van G.J., Shanks B. and Pruszko R., Biodiesel Analytical Methods, NREL Inc, Colorado, (2004) @No $ @ @ CAL2k., Isothermal bomb calorimeter. http://www.cal2k.com/article_4.asp @No $ @ @ Kegl B., Effects of biodiesel on emissions of a bus diesel engine, Bioresource Tech, 99, 863-873 (2008) @No
<#LINE#>Zinc Speciation in Maize and Soils <#LINE#>J.T.@Ayodele,S.S.@Mohammed<#LINE#>98-108<#LINE#>ISCA-RJCS-2011-June89 _12_.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry Bayero University, Kano - NIGERIA @ Department of Applied Science College of Science and Technology Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna – NIGERIA <#LINE#>25/5/2011<#LINE#>5/6/2011<#LINE#>The levels of trace elements in food and agricultural samples have been shown to influence human and plant metabolism. The study of heavy metal speciation is of interest for the evaluation of their mobility, bioavailability and ecotoxicity. In this study, the zinc concentrations of the cereal and soil samples were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The soil samples related to the cereal were digested and extracted using different digestion and extraction reagents. The results indicate that the soil samples collected from various locations, contain varying amounts of the metal, and it was distributed between Residual, Oxide, and Carbonate fractions. The results of the study also showed that the lowest value of total Zn concentration in soil was in sampling points KC1 (1.49 mg/kg) and the highest value was in the sampling points KK5 (207.2 mg/kg) and MD5 (207.2 mg/kg). It was found out that in all the sampling locations, the Zn concentration is within the tolerable range (10 – 300 mg/kg). The relationship between the cereal Zn and soil-extractable Zn concentrations was significant (P < 0.05). <#LINE#> @ @ Albasel N. and Cotteine A.,  Heavy metal contamination near major highways, industrial and urban areas in Belgium grassland  Water, air and soil pollution,24 (1), 103 – 110 (1980) @No $ @ @ Lonnerdal B.  Dietary factors influencing zinc absorption  J. Nutr130, 13785 – 13835 (2000) @No $ @ @ Ahmad A. B. and Bouhadjera  Assessment of metals accumulated in Durum wheat (Triticum durum dest), pepper (Capsicum annum) and agricultural soils  African Journal of Agricultural Research,5 (20)2795 – 2800 (2010) @No $ @ @ Khairah J., Zalifah M.K., Yin Y.H. and Aminah A., The uptake of heavy metals by fruit type vegetables grown in selected agricultural areas.  Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 7 (8)1438 – 1442 (2004) @No $ @ @ Sharma R.K., Agrawal M. and Marshall F.,  Heavy metal contamination of soil and vegetables in suburban areas of Varanasi, India, Ecotoxico. Environ. Safety,66258 – 266  (2007) @No $ @ @ Albores A.F., Perez-cid B., Gomes E.F. and Lopez E.F., Comparison between sequential extraction procedures and single extraction procedures and for metal partitioning in sewage sludge samples Analyst,125, 1353 – 1357 (2000) @No $ @ @ Norvell W.A., Comparison of chelating agents for metals in diverse soil materials, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.,48, 1285 – 1292 (1984) @No $ @ @ Uba, S., Uzairu A., Harrison G.F.S., Balarabe M.L. and Okunota O.J.,  Assessment of heavy metals bioavailability in dumpsites of Zaria metropolis, Nigeria,  African Journal of Biotechnology,7 (2), 122 – 130 (2008) @No $ @ @ Reddy, K.R., Danda S., Yukselen-Aksoy Y. and Al-Hamdan A.Z.,  Sequestration of heavy metals in soils from two polluted industrial sites: implications for remediation, Land contamination Reclamation,8 (1), 13 – 23(2010) @No $ @ @ Yaman, M., Okamus N., Bakirdere S. and Akdeniz I.  Zinc speciation in soils and relation with its concentration in fruits, Asian Journal of Chemistry,17 (1), 66 – 72 (2005) @No $ @ @ Hickey, M.G. and Kittrick J.A.,  Chemical partitioning of cadmium, copper, nickel and zinc in soils and sediments containing high levels of heavy metals, J. Environ. Qual.,13, 372 – 376 (1984) @No $ @ @ Ana-Irina, S., Vasile H.,  Vasile O.,  Josef J., and Elena P., Studies on transfer and Bioaccumulation of heavy metals from soil into lettuce. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal,7 (5), 609 – 615 (2008) @No $ @ @ Yusuf, K.A.,  Sequential extraction of lead, copper, cadmium and zinc in soils near Ojota waste site. Journal of Agronomy, 6 (2), 331– 337(2007) @No $ @ @ Kashem, M.A. andSingh B.R.,  Heavy metal contamination of soil and vegetation in the vicinity of industries in Bangladesh, Water, Air and Soil Pollution.115, 347 – 361 (1998) @No $ @ @  Baranowski, R., Ryback A., and Baranowska I.  Speciation Analysis of Elements in Soil Samples by XRF, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies,11 (5), 473 – 482  (2002) @No $ @ @  Chamon, A.S., Blum W.E.H.,  Gerzabek M.H., Ullah S.M., Rahman M. and Mondol M.N.,  Heavy metal uptake into crops on polluted soils of Bangladesh.  Influence of soil amendment. J. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Analysis,36907 – 924(2005) @No $ @ @ Sposito, G., Lund L. and Chang J.  Trace metal chemistry in arid zone field soils amended with sewage sludge 1.  Fraction of Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and in solid phases.  Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.46, 260–264 (1982) @No $ @ @ Chamon, A.S., Mondol M.N., Faiz B., Rahman M.H. and Elahi S. F.,  Speciation Analysis of Nickel in the Soils of Tejgaon Industrial Area of Bangladesh.  Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.,44 (1), 87 – 108 (2009) @No $ @ @ Lindsay, W. and Norvell W. A., Zinc influx characteristics by intact corn seedlings. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 42, 421 (1978) @No
<#LINE#>Unreported Coordination Behavior of A Squaric Bis (Hydrazone) Ligand<#LINE#>H.S.@Seleem,A.A.T.@Ramadan,A.@Taha,F.@Samy<#LINE#>109-116<#LINE#>ISCA-RJCS-2011-June93 _13_.pdf<#LINE#> A compartmental tetrabasic hexadentate ligand (HL) -has two symmetrical NNO sets of donor atoms- was synthesized by the condensation of squaric acid with a hydrazino triazine compound. The reaction of the ligand with Pd(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), VO(II) and UO(II)- ions afforded mono- and binuclear as well as dimeric complexes.  The ligational behavior of the ligand is highly affected by the type of the metal ion and its counter anion. The isolated complexes reflect the structural diversity (pentagonal bipyramid, octahedral, square pyramid and square planar) as well as the versatile coordination bonding modes. The size of the cation has proved to be of importance in directing the synthetic pathway. Structural elucidation of the isolated complexes was achieved via elemental and thermal analyses as well as spectral studies. <#LINE#>10/6/2011<#LINE#>18/6/2011<#LINE#> A compartmental tetrabasic hexadentate ligand (HL) -has two symmetrical NNO sets of donor atoms- was synthesized by the condensation of squaric acid with a hydrazino triazine compound. The reaction of the ligand with Pd(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), VO(II) and UO(II)- ions afforded mono- and binuclear as well as dimeric complexes.  The ligational behavior of the ligand is highly affected by the type of the metal ion and its counter anion. The isolated complexes reflect the structural diversity (pentagonal bipyramid, octahedral, square pyramid and square planar) as well as the versatile coordination bonding modes. The size of the cation has proved to be of importance in directing the synthetic pathway. Structural elucidation of the isolated complexes was achieved via elemental and thermal analyses as well as spectral studies. <#LINE#> @ @ Shishkina S. V., Baumer V. N., Shishkin O. V.,  Tatarets A. L. and  Patsenker L. D., Molecular and crystal  structure of 3-butoxy-4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1- 2-indolylidenemethyl)-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione and its thio analog, Journal of Structural Chemistry, 46, 154-158 (2005) @No $ @ @ Ucar I., Polymeric nickel(II) squarate complexes with imidazole derivatives: syntheses, crystal structures, spectroscopic and voltammetric studies, J.Coord. Chem., 61, 2590-2600 (2008) @No $ @ @ Ucar I., Bulut A., Büyükgüngö r O.  KaradaA., Dinuclear cobalt and manganese squarate complexes with bidentate n-donor ligand: syntheses, crystal structures, spectroscopic, thermal and voltammetric studies, Transition Metal Chem., 31,1057–1065 (2006) @No $ @ @ Assefa W., Raju V.J.T., Chebude Y. and Retta N., Dinuclear metal complexes derived from a bis-chelating heterocyclic ligand, Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop.,23, 187-196 (2009) @No $ @ @ Erer H, Yesilel O.Z. and Büyükgüngö r O., One-dimensional coordination polymers of Co(II) and Cd(II)-squarate with 2-methylimidazole and 4(5)-methylimidazole ligands, Polyhedron,  29, 1163–1167 (2010) @No $ @ @ Mautner F.A., Albering J.H., Vicente R., Louka F.R., Gallo A.A. and Massoud S.S., Copper(II) complexes derived from tripodal tris[(2-ethyl-(1-pyrazolyl)]amine, Inorganica Chimica Acta, 365 ,290-296  (2011) @No $ @ @ Nuss H., Jansen M., Crystal structure of diaquabis(ethylenediamino) copper(II) squarate dihydrate, [Cu(C(HO)](C)· 2HO, Z. Kristallogr, NCS, 225, 773-774 (2010) @No $ @ @ Seleem H.S.,  Ramadan A.A.T., Taha A., Eid M.F. and Samy F.: The complexation of a novel squaric bis(thiosemicarbazone); 3,4 bis{[(aminothioxomethyl)amino]azamethylen}cyclobut-ene-1,2-diol, Spectrochimica Acta (A), 78,1097-1104 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ramadan A.A.T and Seeda M.H, Complexing properties of 3,4-dihydroxycyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione bis(5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-ylhydrazone) with copper, nickel, cobalt and dioxouranium ionsJ. Chem. Research (M), 1717-1734 (1994) @No $ @ @ El-Gammal O.A. and El-Asmy A.A., Synthesis and spectral characterization of 1-(aminoformyl-N-phenylform)-4-ethylthiosemicarbazide and its metal complexes, J. Coord. Chem., 61, 2296–2306 (2008) @No $ @ @ Jones L.H. Systematics in the vibrational spectra of uranyl complexes, Spectrochimica Acta, 10, 395-403 (1958) @No $ @ @ Veal  B.W., Lam D.J., Carnall  W.T., Hoekstra H.R. and X-Ray photoemission spectroscopy study of hexavalent uranium compounds, Phys. Rev. B., 12, 5651–5663 (1975) @No $ @ @ Khan O., Molecular Magnetism, VCH, New York (1993) @No $ @ @ Massoud S.S., Mautner F.A, Vicente R. Dickens J.S., Squarato-metal(II) complexes. 1, structural and magnetic characterization of squarato-bridged dinuclear nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes, Inorganica Chimica Acta,  361, 299–308 (2008) @No $ @ @ Jones C. J., d- and f- Block Chemistry Polestar Wheatons Ltd, UK (2001) @No $ @ @ Seleem H. S., El-Inany G.A., El-Shetary B.A.,Mousa M., Hanafy F.I., The ligational behavior of an isatinic quinolyl hydrazone towards copper(II)- ions, Chemistry Central Journal,:20 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bencini A., Gattechi D., EPR of Exchange Coupled Systems, Springer-Verlach, Berline. (1990) @No
<#LINE#>Assessment of Physico-Chemical Status of Ground Water Samples in Akot city<#LINE#>Gopalkrushna H.@Murhekar<#LINE#>117-124<#LINE#>ISCA-RJCS-2011-June97 _14_.pdf<#LINE#>  Department of chemistry, Govt. Vidarbha Institute of Science and Humanities, Amravati 444604 (M. S.) INDIA <#LINE#>15/6/2011<#LINE#>23/6/2011<#LINE#>  The physico-chemical status of water samples from ten major part of locality in Akot city was assess. The sampling points were selected on the basis of their importance.  The physicochemical parameter  like, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH), calcium (Ca++) magnesium (Mg++ ), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), fluoride (F), nitrate (NO) sulphate (SO2-) and phosphate (PO3-) of Open Well and Bore well was determined. The results were compared with standards prescribed by WHO (1973) and ISI (10500-91). It was found that the ground water was contaminated at few sampling sites namely Shri Shivaji College, Mahalaxmi Nagar While the sampling sites Keshvaoraj vetal, shaukatali chok and Ramtek pura showed physicochemical parameters within the water quality standards and the quality of water is good and it is fit for drinking purpose.  <#LINE#> @ @ Ayibatele N.B.; First Seosun Environmerital Baseline Survey, In proc. of internal. conf. on water and environ., 1, 4-26, (1992) @No $ @ @ Mishra K.R., Pradip, Tripathi; S.P, Groundwater Quality of Open Wells and Tube Wells, Acta Ciencia Indica, XXXIIIC, 2, 179 (2002) @No $ @ @ Gupta V.,  Agarwal J., Sharma S.; Adsorption Analysis of Mn(VII) from Aqueous Medium by Natural Polymer Chitin and Chitosan, Asian J. of Chem.,20(8), 6195-98 (2008) @No $ @ @ Tahir M.A., Rasheed H.  and Malana A.; Method development for arsenic analysis by modification in spectrphotometric technique, Drik. Water  Eng.Sci. Discuss. 1, 135-154 (2008) @No $ @ @ Raja R E, Lydia Sharmila, Princy Merlin, Chritopher G, Physico-Chemical Analysis of Some Groundwater Samples of Kotputli Town Jaipur, Rajasthan, Indian J Environ Prot., 22(2), 137, (2002) @No $ @ @  6.Patil P.R, Badgujar S.R. and Warke A.M. Evaluation Of Ground Water Quality In Ganesh Colony Area Of Jalgaon City,Oriental J Chem., 17 (2), 283 (2001) @No $ @ @ Petrus R and Warchol J.K., Heavy metal removal by clinoptilolite. An equilibrium study in multi-component systems,Water Res., 39,819-830 (2005) @No $ @ @ Lokeshwari H and Chandrappa G.T,Impact of heavy metal contamination of Bellandur Lake on soil and cultivated vegetation, Curr Sci., 91(5), 584 (2006) @No $ @ @ Massod Alam, Sumbul Rais and Mohd AslamS; Hydro-chemical Survey of Groundwater of Delhi, India, E-Jour. of Chem.  6(2), 429-436 (2009) @No $ @ @  Arvnabh Mishra, Vasishta D. Bhatt, Nirav Sevak, Pinal Shah, Kirit Patel and Chaitanya Patel; Comparative Study of Physico-Chemical and Microbial Parameters on Lotic And Ground-Waters In Selected Outlying Areas Of Central Gujarat, J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2(4),174-177 (2010) @No $ @ @  Elizabeth K.M.  and  Premnath Naik L,Effect of polluted  water On human healthPoll. res., 24(2) 337-340 (2005) @No $ @ @ Vijender Singh; Physico-chemical Examination of water, Sewage and Industrial effluents, Res. J. chem and  ENV, 10(3), 62-66, (2006) @No $ @ @  Arunabh Mishra and Vasishta Bhatt; Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Analysis of Under Ground Water in V.V Nagar and Nearby Places of Anand District,Gujarat, India,E-.J. Chem., 5(3), 487-492 (2008) @No $ @ @ World Health Organization, Guidelines for drinking water quality-I, Recommendations. nd Ed. Geneva WHO. (1993) @No $ @ @ Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, 20th Ed., APHA, AWWA, WEF. Washington DC, (1998) @No $ @ @ Standard Methods for the examination of water and waste water, American Public Health Association, 17th Ed., Washington, DC, (1989) @No $ @ @ Trivedy R.K and Goel P.K; Chemical and Biological methods for water pollution studies Environmental Publication, Karad. (1986) @No $ @ @  Manivaskam N. Physicochemical examination of water sewage and industrial effluent, 5th Ed. Pragati Prakashan Meerut., (2005) @No $ @ @ Khan, I.A. and Khan A.A., Physical and chemical condition in Seika Jheelat, Aligarh, Ecol., 3, 269-274 (1985) @No $ @ @ Sudhir Dahiya and Amarjeet Kaur,  physico chemical characteristics of underground water in rural areas of Tosham subdivisions, Bhiwani district, Haryana, J. Environ Poll., 6 (4), 281 (1999) @No $ @ @ Shrinivasa Rao B and Venkateswaralu P, Physicochemical Analysis of Selected Groundwater Samples, Indian J Environ Prot., 20 (3), 161, (2000) @No $ @ @ Trivedy R. K. and Goel P. K.; Chemical and Biological methods for water pollution Studies, Environmental Publication, Karad. (1986) @No
<#LINE#>Effect of Deltamethrin and a Neem Based Pesticide Achook on Some Biochemical Parameters in Tissues Liver, Ovary and Muscle of Zebrafish Danio rerio (Cyprinidae)<#LINE#>DilipK.@Sharma,A.Ansari@Badre<#LINE#>125-134<#LINE#>ISCA-RJCS-2011-June96 _15_.pdf<#LINE#>* Zebrafish Laboratory Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur (UP) INDIA <#LINE#>15/6/2011<#LINE#>22/6/2011<#LINE#>The present study is aimed to evaluate the changes in total protein, total free amino acid content and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) in the liver, ovary and muscle of Zebrafish after exposure to 96 h LC, LC10 and LC20 of Deltamethrin and neem based pesticide Achook. It was found that the protein content was reduced to 45, 68, 65% (after Deltamethrin exposure) and 54, 81, 85% (after Achook exposure) as compared to the controls (100%) after 16 days in the liver, ovary and muscle, respectively at LC20 exposure. The total free amino acid contents in liver were enhanced to 146 and 142% of controls (100%) after exposure to LC20 of Deltamethrin and Achook respectively.However,in the ovary of treated fishes the total free amino acid content was significantly (P0.05) reduced. In addition, DNA content was reduced to 26, 40 and 38% of controls (100%) in liver, ovary and muscle respectively after 16 days exposure to LC20 of Deltamethrin. The reduction in DNA content from the control was 37, 46 and 44% in liver, ovary and muscle respectively due to Achook at the same concentration and exposure period as that of Deltamethrin. Similarly, RNA contents were also reduced in the liver, ovary and muscle significantly after Deltamethrin and Achook exposure. It was observed that all the changes were concentration as well as time dependent. This study will reflect the potential role of these biochemical parameters for assessment of aquatic pollution as far as the natural pesticides are concerned. <#LINE#> @ @ Rand G.M., Fundamentals of aquatic toxicology. Taylor and Francis Publishing, Washington, D.C., 1150 (1995) @No $ @ @ Bradbury S.P. and Coats J.R., Toxicological and toxicodynamics of pyrethroid insecticides, Environ. Toxicol. Chem.,8, 373-386 (1989) @No $ @ @ Yildirim M.Z., Benli K.A.C., Benli M., Ozukul A., Erkoc F. and Oner K., Acute toxicity, behavioural changes and histopathological effects of Deltamethrin on tissues (gills, liver, brain, spleen, kidney, muscle, skin) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) fingerlings, Environ. 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