International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

The Sero-Prevalence of HIV-1 among Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients in Damazen Town the Blue Nile State Sudan

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Blue Nile, Sudan
  • 2Departments of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Al-Butana , Sudan
  • 3Departments of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Dongola, Sudan
  • 4Departments of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Blue Nile, Sudan

Int. Res. J. Medical Sci., Volume 7, Issue (1), Pages 7-9, January,28 (2019)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine HIV-1 seropositivity among visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients. It was also used to compare between ELISA, WB and RT-PCR as diagnostic test tools. The study was conducted on 200 patients and 200 healthy controls from Blue Nile State. We used Indirect Enzymatic-Link Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Western Blot Test and Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) as diagnostic test. The HIV-1 seropositivity among the study groups were five individuals (2.5%) from patients group were positive for HIV-1 while, two (1.0%) of the healthy control were positive. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA test, WB were 100% and 99.8% respectively, the diagnostic accuracy was 97.89%. Moreover, there was a complete agreement between ELISA and RT-PCR and WB results. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between the two study groups regarding RT-PCR, WB and ELISA results (P>0.05). However there was no statistical significant difference between VL and HIV-1 (P>0.05). We concluded that ELISA was an adequate screening test for the diagnosis of HIV-1 with reasonable sensitivity and specificity. However, it should be confirmed by RT-PCR. RT-PCR was highly sensitive and specific test and was a gold standard test especially important when serological test was borderline. Moreover HIV-1 should be taken into consideration during the follow up of visceral leishmaniasis patients.

References

  1. Brooks G.F., Butel J.S. and Morse S.A. (1998)., Pathogenesis and control of viral diseases., Jawetz, Melnick, and Adelberg's medical microbiology, 21st ed. Appleton & Lange, Stamford, Conn, 363-365.
  2. Ryan K.J. and Ray C.G. (2004)., Sherris Medical Microbiology., 4th (ed). McGraw Hill, 749-754.
  3. Alvar Vanavate C., Guteirrez-Solar B., Jiminez M., Laguna F., Lopez-Velex R., Molina R. and Moreno I. (1997)., Leishmania and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection: The first 10 years., J of Clini Micro. Rev., 10(2), 298-319.
  4. Cruz I., Morales M.A., Noguer I., Rodriguez A. and Alvar J. (2002)., Leishmania in discarded syringes from intravenous drug users., The Lancet, 359(9312), 1124-1125.
  5. Desjeux P. (1995)., Leishmania/HIV co-infections., J Afr. Health., 18(1), 20-22.
  6. Kolaczinski J.H., Worku D.T., Chappuis F., Reithinger R., Kabatereine N., Onapa A. and Brooker S. (2007)., Kala-azar control, Uganda., Emerging infectious diseases, 13(3), 507.
  7. Dereure J., El-Safi S.H., Bucheton B., Boni M., Kheir M.M., Davoust B. and Dedet J. P. (2003)., Visceral leishmaniasis in eastern Sudan: parasite identification in humans and dogs; host-parasite relationships., Microbes and infection, 5(12), 1103-1108.
  8. Schupbach J., Doni J., Tomasik Z., Jendis J., Seger R., Kind C. and Swiss Neonatal DIV Study Group (1994)., Sensitive detection and early prognostic significance of p24 antigen in heat-denatured plasma of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected infants., Journal of Infectious Diseases, 170(2), 318-324.
  9. Levinson W. and Jawetz E. (2000)., Medical Microbiology and Immunology., 7th (ed) McGrawHill, New York, 286-294.
  10. Desjeux P. and Alrar J. (2003)., Leishmania / HIV co-infections: epidemiology in Europe., J of Annals Trop Med and Parasit., 97(1), 3-15.
  11. Ryan J.R., Smithyman A.M., Rajasekariah G.H., Hochberg L., Stiteler J.M. and Martin S.K. (2002)., Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on soluble promastigote antigen detects immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies in sera from cases of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis., Journal of clinical microbiology, 40(3), 1037-1043.
  12. Convit J., Rondon A., Ulrich M., Bloom B., Castellanos P., Pinardi M. and Garcia L. (1987)., Immunotherapy versus chemotherapy in localised cutaneous leishmaniasis., The Lancet, 329(8530), 401-405.
  13. Wolday D., Akuffo H., Fessahaye G., Valantine A. and Britton S. (1998)., Live and killed human immunodeficiency virus type-1 increases the intracellular growth of Leishmania donovani in monocyte-derived cells., Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases, 30(1), 29-34.
  14. El-Safi S.H., Hamid N. and Omer A. (2002)., Infection rates with leishmania donovani and mycobacterium tuberculosis in a village in eastern Sudan., J of Microbes and infection, 4(1), 1439-1447.
  15. Tonui W.K. (1999)., Leishmania transmission-blocking vaccines: a review., East Africa Med. J., 76(2), 93-96.
  16. World Health Organization (2004)., The leishmaniasis and leishmania/HIV co-infection., WHO sites, 1-4.