International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

An oligomeric proanthocyanidin nutritional supplement in the treatment of gingivitis – a pilot study

    , ,

Author Affiliations

  • 1Asan Memorial Dental College and Hospital, Chengalpet, Chennai, India
  • 2Asan Memorial Dental College and Hospital, Chengalpet, Chennai, India
  • 3Asan Memorial Dental College and Hospital, Chengalpet, Chennai, India

Res. J. of Pharmaceutical Sci., Volume 8, Issue (2), Pages 6-10, December,30 (2019)

Abstract

Gingivitis and periodontal disease are the most common oral diseases affecting the supporting structures of teeth. They are found associated with various systemic diseases like cardiac disease, stroke, diabetes, lung disease and premature delivery. Arresting the initial periodontal disease by non-surgical methods is always better than treating progressive periodontal disease that necessitates more interventional methods of treatment. Initial non-surgical therapy when done along with nutritional supplement will result in better outcome. Organic foods are always ideal for the betterment of health. In our study, we have used the dietary polyphenols, oligomeric proanthocyanidin (obtained from plants) in combination with vitamin C as a nutritional supplement along with nonsurgical treatment (oral prophylaxis) in treating gingivitis. It is found that these polyphenols reduce gingival inflammation and plaque adhesion on the tooth surface by controlling the underlying pathophysiology of inflammation resulting in improvement in overall oral health.

References

  1. Bosshardt D.D. and Selvig K.A. (1997)., Dental cementum: the dynamic tissue covering of the root., Periodontology, 2000, 13(1), 41-75..
  2. Syndergaard B., Al‐Sabbagh M., Kryscio R.J., Xi J., Ding X., Ebersole J.L. and Miller C.S. (2014)., Salivary biomarkers associated with gingivitis and response to therapy., Journal of periodontology, 85(8), e295-e303.
  3. Yamazaki K., Honda T., Oda T., Ueki‐Maruyama K., Nakajima T., Yoshie H. and Seymour G.J. (2005)., Effect of periodontal treatment on the C‐reactive protein and proinflammatory cytokine levels in Japanese periodontitis patients., Journal of periodontal research, 40(1), 53-58.
  4. Yang L., Xian D., Xiong X., Lai R., Song J. and Zhong J. (2018)., Proanthocyanidins against oxidative stress: from molecular mechanisms to clinical applications., BioMed research international, 2018., Article ID 8584136, 11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8584136.
  5. Yamanaka-Okada A., Sato E., Kouchi T., Kimizuka R., Kato T. and Okuda K. (2008)., Inhibitory effect of cranberry polyphenol on cariogenic bacteria., The Bulletin of Tokyo Dental College, 49(3), 107-112.
  6. Ye X., Krohn R.L., Liu W., Joshi S.S., Kuszynski C.A., McGinn T.R. and Bagchi D. (1999)., The cytotoxic effects of a novel IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on cultured human cancer cells., Mol Cell Biochem, 99-108.
  7. Joshi S.S., Kuszynski C.A., Bagchi M. and Bagchi D. (2000)., Chemopreventive effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on Chang liver cells., Toxicology, 155(1-3), 83-90.
  8. Traber M.G. and Stevens J.F. (2011)., Vitamins C and E: beneficial effects from a mechanistic perspective., Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 51(5), 1000-1013.
  9. Schmuch J., Beckert S., Brandt S., Löhr G., Hermann F., Schmidt T.J. and Hensel A. (2015)., Extract from Rumex acetosa L. for prophylaxis of periodontitis: inhibition of bacterial in vitro adhesion and of gingipains of Porphyromonas gingivalis by epicatechin-3-O-(4β→ 8)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate (procyanidin-B2-Di-gallate)., PloS one, 10(3), e0120130.
  10. Morelli T., Stella M., Barros S.P., Marchesan J.T., Moss K. L., Kim S.J. and Offenbacher S. (2014)., Salivary biomarkers in a biofilm overgrowth model., Journal of periodontology, 85(12), 1770-1778.
  11. Hirano T., Akira S., Taga T. and Kishimoto T. (1990)., Biological and clinical aspects of interleukin 6., Immunology today, 11, 443-449.
  12. Kimmel E.M., Jerome M., Holderness J., Snyder D., Kemoli S., Jutila M.A. and Hedges J.F. (2011)., Oligomeric procyanidins stimulate innate antiviral immunity in dengue virus infected human PBMCs., Antiviral research, 90(1), 80-86.
  13. Mohana T., Navin A.V., Jamuna S., Sadullah M.S.S. and Devaraj S.N. (2015)., Inhibition of differentiation of monocyte to macrophages in atherosclerosis by oligomeric proanthocyanidins–In-vivo and in-vitro study., Food and chemical toxicology, 82, 96-105.
  14. Wang Z., Su B., Fan S., Fei H. and Zhao W. (2015)., Protective effect of oligomeric proanthocyanidins against alcohol- induced liver steatosis and injury in mice., Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 458(4), 757-762.
  15. Yamanaka-Okada A., Sato E., Kouchi T., Kimizuka R., Kato and Okuda K. (2008)., Inhibitory effect of cranberry polyphenol on cariogenic bacteria., The Bulletin of Tokyo Dental College, 49(3), 107-112.
  16. Nair M.P., Kandaswami C., Mahajan S., Nair H.N., Chawda R.A.M., Shanahan T. and Schwartz S.A. (2002)., Grape seed extract proanthocyanidins downregulate HIV-1 entry coreceptors, CCR2b, CCR3 and CCR5 gene expression by normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells., Biological research, 35(3-4), 421-431.
  17. He J., Chen Y., Farzan M., Choe H., Ohagen A., Gartner S. and Mackay C.R. (1997)., CCR3 and CCR5 are co-receptors for HIV-1 infection of microglia., Nature, 385(2), 645-649.
  18. Hedges J., Kimmel E., Jerome M., Holderness J., Snyder D., Kemoli S. and Jutila M. (2011)., Oligomeric procyanidins stimulate innate antiviral immunity., dengue virus infected human PBMCs Antiviral Research, 90(1), 80-86.
  19. Xu Z., Du P., Meiser P. and Jacob C. (2012)., Proanthocyanidins: oligomeric structures with unique biochemical properties and great therapeutic promise., Natural Product Communications, 7(3), 381-388.
  20. Mohana T., Navin A.V., Jamuna S., Sadullah M.S.S. and Devaraj S.N. (2015)., Inhibition of differentiation of monocyte to macrophages in atherosclerosis by oligomeric proanthocyanidins–In-vivo and in-vitro study., Food and chemical toxicology, 82, 96-105.
  21. Wang Z., Su B., Fan S., Fei H. and Zhao W. (2015)., Protective effect of oligomeric proanthocyanidins against alcohol-induced liver steatosis and injury in mice., Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 458(4), 757-762.
  22. Jin S., Doi A., Kuroda T., Zhang G., Hatano T. and Chen G. (2012)., Polyphenolic constituents of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. and antibacterial effect of polymeric proanthocyanidin on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus., Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 60(29), 7297-7305.
  23. Miyake M., Ide K., Sasaki K., Matsukura Y., Shijima K. and Fujiwara D. (2008)., Oral administration of highly oligomeric procyanidins of Jatoba reduces the severity of collagen-induced arthritis., Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 72(7), 1781-1788.
  24. Varoni M.E., Lodi G., Sardella A., Carrassi A. and Iriti M. (2012)., Plant polyphenols and oral health: old phytochemicals for new fields., Current medicinal chemistry, 19(11), 1706-1720.
  25. Kylli P., Nohynek L., Puupponen-Pimia R., Westerlund-Wikstrom B., Leppanen T., Welling J. and Heinonen M. (2011)., Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) and European cranberry (Vaccinium microcarpon) proanthocyanidins: isolation, identification, and bioactivities., Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59(7), 3373-3384.
  26. Mayer R., Stecher G., Wuerzner R., Silva R.C., Sultana T., Trojer L. and Bobleter O. (2008)., Proanthocyanidins: target compounds as antibacterial agents., Journal of agricultural and food Chemistry, 56(16), 6959-6966.