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Antibacterial activities of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides and Anogeissus leiocarpus against some oral pathogens

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Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
  • 2Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
  • 3Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
  • 4Department of Biological Sciences, Niger State Polytechnic Zungeru, Nigeria
  • 5Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
  • 6Department of Biological Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Bida, Niger State, Nigeria

Res. J. of Pharmaceutical Sci., Volume 6, Issue (7), Pages 1-6, December,30 (2017)

Abstract

The extracts of stem and leaves of selected chewing sticks, Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (candle wood) and Anogeissus leiocarpus (African birch) were assayed for their antibacterial activities. The chewing sticks were obtained in Kakun-Kabba metropolis, Nigeria, The extracts were tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from swabs collected from 2 patients with oral problems attending the Dental section of General Hospital Minna, Nigeria. Phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, terpenes, anthraquinones and saponnins. Aqueous, methanol and acetone extractions were carried out to obtain the active ingredients of the chewing sticks. The agar diffusion method was used to assay the antibacterial activity of the extracts at different concentrations (120 mg/ml, 160 mg/ml and 200 mg/ml). The aqueous, methanol and acetone extracts of the chewing sticks showed inhibitory activity on the growth of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts ranged between 120mg/ml and 160mg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) ranged between 160mg/ml and 200mg/ml. Out of the nine fractions purified by thin layer chromatograph (TLC), six showed inhibitory activity against P. aeruginosa with zones of inhibition ranging from 10mm to 12mm while seven showed activity against S. aureus with zone of inhibition ranging from 10mm to 22mm. The TLC fraction competed well with the activity of commercial antibiotic (ampicillin) and data from the present study have shown that chewing sticks is a potential drug for oral hygiene and treatment of oral pathogens.

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