International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Hydrochemistry of groundwater and quality assessment of Manipur Valley, Manipur, India

    , ,

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, India
  • 2Department of Chemistry, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, India
  • 3Department of Environmental Sciences, Assam University, Silchar, India

Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., Volume 6, Issue (9), Pages 8-18, September,22 (2017)

Abstract

The present study aims to understand the hydrogeochemical characteristics and groundwater quality of Manipur Valley, Manipur, India. A total of 145 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for different physico-chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, phosphate, nitrate, total hardness, chloride, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium, following the standard procedures. The analytical results were compared with drinking water guideline values of the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The concentrations of several variables like conductivity, total dissolved solids, turbidity, chloride, phosphate and sodium were beyond their desirable limits for drinking water in a number of sites. To determine the suitability of groundwater for agricultural use, chemical indices like percent sodium (Na %), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), magnesium ratio (MR)/magnesium hazard (MH), permeability index (PI) and Kelley’s ratio (KR) were calculated. Based on the analytical results, majority of water sources of the area are unsuitable for irrigation purposes. Gibb’s ratio was also calculated to understand the mechanisms controlling groundwater chemistry of the study area.

References

  1. Biswas S.K., Majhi B. and Behra J.P. (2001)., Groundwater quality near ash pond of thermal power plant., Poll. Res., 20(3), 487-490.
  2. Hasan S.Z. (2003)., Groundwater exploitation and hydro biological research: A chronology of historical developments., J. Curr. Sc., 2(2), 299-304.
  3. Chakraborti D., Das B., Rahman M.M., Chowdhury U.K., Biswas B., Goswami A.B., Pal A., Sengupta M.K., Ahamed S., Hossain A., Basu G., Roychowdhury T. and Das D. (2009)., Status of groundwater arsenic contamination in the state of West Bengal, India: a 20-year study report., Mol Nutr. Food Res., 53, 542-551.
  4. Pujari P.R. and Soni A.K. (2009)., Sea water intrusion studies near Kovaya limestone mine, Saurashtra coast, India., Environ Monit Assess., 154(1-4), 93-109.
  5. CGWB (2010)., Ground Water Quality in Shallow Aquifers of India., Central Ground Water Board, Ministry of Water Resources, India . http://cgwb .gov.in/documents/ Water quality / GW Quality in shallow aquifers.Pdf. Accessed 10 January 2017.
  6. Raja G. and Venkatesan P. (2010)., Assessment of Groundwater pollution and and its Impact in and around Punnam Area of Karur District, Tamil nadu, India., E-Journal of Chemistry, 7(2), 473-478.
  7. Gupta S.K. and Deshpande R.D. (2004)., Water for India in 2050: First order assessment and available option., Current Science, 86(9), 1216-1224.
  8. Kumar R., Singh R.D. and Sharma K.D. (2005)., Water resources of India., Curr Sci., 89(5), 794-811.
  9. Chakraborti D., Singh E.J.K., Das B., Shah B.A., Hossain M.A., Nayak B., Ahmed S. and Singh N.R. (2008)., Groundwater arsenic contamination in Manipur, one of the seven North- Eastern Hill states of India: a future danger., Environ Geol., 56(2), 381-390.
  10. Singh A.K. (2004)., Arsenic contamination in groundwater of North Eastern India., In Proceedings of 11th national Seminar on hydrology with focal theme on water quality, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, 255-262.
  11. Singh A.K. (2006)., Chemistry of arsenic in groundwater of Ganges– Brahmaputra River., Curr Sci., 91(5), 599-606.
  12. Oinam J.D., Ramanathan A.L., Linda A. and Singh G. (2011)., A study of arsenic, iron and other dissolved ion variations in the groundwater of Bishnupur District, Manipur, India., Environ Earth Sci., 62(6), 1183-1195.
  13. Singh E.J.K., Gupta A. and Singh R.N. (2013)., Groundwater quality in Imphal West district, Manipur, India., Environ Sci and Pollut Res., 20(4), 2421-2434.
  14. APHA (2005)., Standard methods for examination of water and waste water., American Public Health Association 21st edition. Washington DC, USA.
  15. Dash A., Das H.K. and Mishra B. (2014)., Hydrogeochemistry and groundwater quality in and around Joda of Keonjhar District, Odisha, India., Int. J. Innovation and Scientific Research, 12(2), 409-419.
  16. Wilcox L.V. (1948)., The Quality of Water for Irrigation Use., US Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin, Washington DC, 19.
  17. Karnath K.R. (1987)., Groundwater Assessment, Development and Management., Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
  18. Doneen L.D. (1964)., Notes on water quality in agriculture. Published as a water science and engineering paper 4001., Department of Water Sciences and Engineering, University of California.
  19. Szabolcs I. and Darab C. (1964)., The influence of irrigation water of high sodium carbonate content of soils., Proceedings of 8th International Congress of ISS, Trans, II, 803-812.
  20. Raghunath H.M. (1987)., Groundwater., Wiley Eastern Ltd., Delhi, India.
  21. Naseem S., Hamza S. and Bashir E. (2010)., Groundwater Geochemistry of Winder Agricultural Farms, Balochistan, Pakistan and Assessment for Irrigation Water Quality., European Water, 31, 21-32.
  22. Kelly W.P. (1963)., Use of saline irrigation water., Soil Sci., 95(6), 385-391.
  23. Gibbs R. (1970)., Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry., Science, 170(3962), 1088-1090.
  24. Jayaram P.R., Ganga D.T. and Vasuena N.T. (2003)., Water quality studies on Kasmane River, Thiruvanantpuram, District South Kerala, India., Poll. Res., 22(1), 89-100.
  25. Srinivas Y., Hudson O.D., Stanley R.A. and Chandrasekar N. (2014)., Quality assessment and hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater in Agastheeswaram taluk, Kanyakumari district Tamilnadu India., Chin. Journal of Geochemistry, 33(3), 221-235.
  26. Ramesh K., Li T. and Bhuvana J.P. (2012)., Hydrochemical Characteristics of Groundwater for Domestic and Irrigation Purposes in Periyakulam Taluk of Theni District, Tamil Nadu., I Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(1), 19-27.
  27. Sanchez-Perez JM. and Tremolieres M. (2003)., Change in groundwater chemistry as a consequence of suppression of floods: the case of the Rhine floodplain., J Hydrol., 270, 89-104.
  28. Khaiwal R. and Garg V.K. (2007)., Hydro-chemical survey of groundwater of Hisar City and Assessment of defluoridation methods used in India., Environ Monit Assess, 132(1), 33-43.
  29. Adekunle I.M., Adetunji M.T., Gbadebo A.M. and Banjoko O.B. (2007)., Assessment of Groundwater Quality in a Typical Rural Settlement in Southwest Nigeria., Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 4(4), 307-318
  30. Joseph P.V. and Jacob C. (2010)., Physico-chemical characteristics of Pennar River, A fresh water Wetland in Kerala, India., E-Journal of Chemistry, 7(4), 1266-1273.
  31. Khaiwal R., Ameena Meenakshi, Monika Rani and Kaushik A. (2003)., Seasonal variations in physico-chemical characteristics of River Yamuna in Haryana and its ecological best-designated use., J Environ Monitoring, 5 (3), 419-426.
  32. Mor S., Singh S., Yadav P., Rani V., Rani P., Sheoran M., Singh G. and Khaiwal R. (2008)., Appraisal of salinity and fluoride in a semiarid region of India using statistical and multivariate techniques., Environ Geochem Health, 31(6), 643-655.
  33. Burkart M.R. and Kolpin D.W. (1993)., Hydrologic and land-use factors associated with herbicides and nitrate in near-surface aquifers., J. Environ. Qual., 22(4), 646-656.
  34. Ramesh K. and Vennila S. (2012)., Hydrochemical Analysis and Evaluation of Groundwater Quality in and around Hosur, Krishnagiri District, Tamil Nadu, India., Int. J. Res. Chem. Environ., 2(3), 113-122.
  35. Rao P.M., Sekhar P. and Yadav Y.S. (2004)., Water Quality Studies on Kolleru Lake and Its Infalling Drains of A.P., India., Arvind Kumar (Ed.), Water Pollution. APH Publishing Corporation, New Delhi, 171.
  36. Kotaiah B. and Reddy S.S. (2004)., Ground Water Quality of Block-V Srisailam Right Branch Canal Command Area, Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh., Arvind Kumar (Ed.), Water Pollution. APH Publishing Corporation, New Delhi, 105.
  37. Nduka J.K., Orisakwe O.E. and Ezenweke L.O. (2008)., Some physico-chemical parameters of potable water supply in Warri, Niger Delta area of Nigeria., Sci Res Essay, 3(11), 547-551.
  38. Kesari G.K. (2011)., Geology and Mineral Resources of Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura., Geological Survey of India, Miscellaneous Publication, 30(1), 1-103.
  39. Garg S.S. (2003)., Water quality of Well and Bore Well of Ten Selected Locations of Chitrakoot Region., Indian J. Environ. Prot., 23(9), 966-974.
  40. Rao Subba N. (2006)., Seasonal variation of groundwater quality in a part of Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India., Environ Geol., 49(3), 413-429.
  41. Srinivasa R.B. and Venkateswaralu P. (2000)., Physico-chemical Analysis of Selected Groundwater Samples., Indian J Environ Prot., 20(3), 161-164.
  42. WHO (2004)., Guideline for drinking water quality., Recommendation World Health Organization, third ed., Geneva.
  43. Devi S. and Premkumar R. (2012)., Physico-chemical Analysis of Groundwater samples near Industrial Area, Cuddalore District, Tamilnadu, India., International Journal of Chem Tech Research, 4(1), 29-34.
  44. Dhale D.A. and Pachkore G.L. (2012)., Assessment of Physico-chemical status of Groundwater Samples of Parbhani District (M.S., INDIA)., IJPSR, 3(5), 1367-1370.
  45. Garg V.K., Suthar S., Singh S., Sheoran A., Garima M. and Jai S. (2009)., Drinking water quality in villages of south-western Haryana, India: assessing human health risks associated with hydrochemistry., Environ Geol., 58(6), 1329-1340.
  46. BIS (2003)., Standards for water for drinking and other purposes., Bureau of Indian standards publication. New Delhi.
  47. Saleh A., Al-Ruwaih F. and Shehata M. (1999)., Hydrogeochemical processes operating within the main aquifers of Kuwait., J. Arid Environments, 42(3), 195-209.
  48. Todd D.K. (1980)., Groundwater hydrology., New York: Wiley.