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Studies on Assessment of water Quality and Hydrological behaviour using Physico- chemical Parameters of surface water of Glacial fed Mountainous Goriganga river in Kumaun Himalaya-I

Author Affiliations

  • 1 Department of Zoology, Kumaun University Soban Singh Jeena Campus Almora, Uttarakhand, 263601, INDIA

Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,Volume 4, Issue (3), Pages 55-76, March,22 (2015)

Abstract

Glacial fed rivers are vital fresh water systems that are critical for the sustenance of life. The present study was carried to access the quality of water and hydrological behaviour using physico-chemical parameters of surface water of glacial fed mountainous Goriganga River in Kumaun Himalaya. Study was conducted between Jauljibi to Madkot with in a river stretch of 44kms. Surface water samples were collected for the analysis of quality of water from three sampling stations (Station1-Jauljibi-600msl; Station2-Baram- 900msl and Staion3-Madkot-1300msl). A total of 12 water quality parameters such as: Ambient temperature, water temperature, conductivity, pH, alkalinity, carbonate, bicarbonate, free carbon dioxide, dissolved oxygen, velocity, acidity and water hardness were monitored from July-2006 to June-2008 for a period of two years. The studies on the analysis of water quality parameters of Goriganga river showed that ambient temperature fluctuated between 11.5C to 32.7C and 11.0C to 32.0C; water temperature 7.1C to 18.9C and 7.5C to 20.0C; Conductivity 0.131 µScm-1 to 0.361 µScm-1 and 0.058 µScm- to 0.322 µScm-; pH 7.0 to 8.87 and 7.0 to 8.5; Alkalinity 62 mg/l to 190 mg/l and 84 mg/l to 180mg/l; Bicarbonate 62.0 mg/l to 180.0 mg/l and 84.0 mg/l to 170.0 mg/l; Free Carbon dioxide zero or absent to 6.0; Dissolved Oxygen 5.6 mg/l to 12.0 mg/l and 6.4 mg/l to 16.8 mg/l; Velocity 0.52 m/sec to 1.72 m/sec and 0.47 m/sec to 1.61 m/sec; Acidity 5.0 mg/l to 30.0 mg/l and 5.0 mg/l to 40.0 mg/l and water hardness 80.0 mg/l to 166 mg/l and 90.0 to 198.0 mg/l during first year (2006-07) and second year (2007-08) respectively. Carbonate at all the selected stations in the Goriganga river remained below the detection limit or mostly absent except few months. Assessment of water quality parameters at the three selected sampling station in the Goriganga river has shown that the water at the surface level was well within the permissible limits prescribed by ISI, ICMR and WHO drinking water standards and the ecological situation in this region is stable, favourable and promising at the present time. Statistically, the correlation between different selected water quality parameters have also been drawn and discussed in the present paper.

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