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Assessment of Drinking Water Quality of Groundwater in Udhampur Industrial Zone of Jammu Province, J and K, India

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Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Jammu, Jammu-180 006, INDIA

Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., Volume 4, Issue (10), Pages 58-68, October,22 (2015)

Abstract

The present study deals with the effect of industrial effluents on the groundwater quality of Udhampur industrial zone in Jammu province, J and K. The ground water from hand pumps and springs in the industrial area is used for drinking and other domestic purposes by the local inhabitants besides its use for various industrial processes. Monthly water samples were collected from two hand pumps and two springs in the study area and the water quality was assessed by analyzing various physicochemical parameters during a period of one year viz. April, 2011 to March, 2012.For the present study, mean values of various water quality parameters were taken to assess site wise and depth wise variations in these two ground water sources. The study indicated that the ground water in both hand pumps and springs belonged to the Ca2+-HCO3-group with calcium and bicarbonate as dominant cation and anion. The collected primary data for various parameters has been analyzed statistically. Coefficient of correlation(r ) within the parameters of both hand pumps and springs has indicated strong positive correlations between parameters such as EC,TDS and turbidity; calcium and total hardness and; BOD and phosphate and strong negative correlation between pH and free CO2; free CO2 and DO; and DO and BOD. The results of Paired t-test have revealed strong variations between the two groundwater sources in terms of parameters like water temperature, pH, turbidity, free CO2, bicarbonate, BOD, chloride, magnesium, sodium, potassium, silicate, nitrate and sulphate. Water quality Index (WQI) has been calculated using twelve important water quality parameters and has shown water quality deterioration during monsoon season in both the ground water sources. The overall analysis of the data has revealed that most of the water quality parameters in both the ground water sources have exceeded the desirable limits but are within the permissible limit set by WHO and BIS. However, these may cross the permissible limits in future if proper preventive measures are not taken.

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