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Efficacy of Phytochemicals as Sustainable Sources of Larvicidal Formulations for the Control of Culex sitiens

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Author Affiliations

  • 1Division of Environmental Science, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Malappuram District, Kerala, 673635, INDIA

Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., Volume 4, Issue (10), Pages 16-21, October,22 (2015)

Abstract

Mosquitoes are significant group of arthropods in terms of public health, as they spread serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths every year and the development of resistance to chemical insecticides ensuing in rebounding vectorial competence. Controlling mosquitoes at the larval stage is easy as target specificity of the larvicides used can be ensured. Phytochemicals derived from the vast diversity of plant species are important sources of environmentally safe and biodegradable chemicals, which can aid in mosquito control. The present study has been outlined to assess the feasibility of using phytochemicals, as a larvicidal agent against third instar larvae of Culex sitiens. Twelve species of plants belonging to Zingiberaceae (2), Asclepiadaceae, Caricaceae, Myrtaceae (2), Rutaceae (2), Calophyllaceae, Annonaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Bignoniaceae families were screened for this purpose. Aqueous leaf extracts of selected plants were prepared (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 ml) and tested against mosquito larvae reared from eggs under laboratory conditions, for a period of 6 hours.Mortality percentages and LC50 were calculated as per WHO protocols and standards. Of twelve plants studied, all the plant extracts infatuated significant larvicidal potential with LC50 values ranging from 1.31 to 4.79 mg/ml against the third instar larvae of Culex sitiens. Extracts from plants like Calotropis gigantea, Pimenta dioica, Curcuma longa, Polialthia longifolia, Saritaea magnifica, Ricinus communis, Alpinia galanga, Carica papaya, Murraya koenigii and Eucalyptus globulus have the highest potential to be used as an effective larvicidal agent, signifying an ecofriendly approach for the control of mosquito vectors. Further investigations would be desired to separate and make out the constituents responsible for larvicidal properties.

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