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Quality of Drilling well water: Case of six drilling wells in the municipality of sapone, Burkina Faso

Author Affiliations

  • 1Centre d’Etude pour la Promotion, l’Aménagement et la Protection de l’Environnement (CEPAPE), 03 BP 7021 Université de Ouagadougou, BURKINA FASO
  • 2 Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, de Radiochimie et d’Electrochimie (LACARE), UFR/SEA, 03 BP 7021 Université de Ouagadougou, BURKINA FASO
  • 3 Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT), Centre National de Recherches Scientifiques et Technologiques (CNRST), 03 BP 7047 Ouagadougou 03, BURKINA FASO
  • 4 Service Qualité-Eau de l’Office National de l’Eau et de l’Assainissement (ONEA) 01 BP 170 Ouagadougou 01, BURKINA FASO

Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., Volume 2, Issue (2), Pages 15-24, February,22 (2013)

Abstract

Access to drinking water is a major challenge for contemporary societies characterized by a high growth of needs. In Burkina Faso, most populations in rural and semi urban areas as well as peripheral areas of urban cities use drilling water which is supposed to be of drinking water quality, although they are often polluted. Drillings are the primary source of drinking water supply in Burkina Faso; however, no study on the quality of this water is often conducted after their implementation although most of these wells are more than twenty (20) years old and are often in the middle of fields. Therefore, these wells are likely to pollution, not only by the corrosion of equipment in their facilities, but also through agriculture of which fertilizers and pesticides filter into the ground. Our research aims to study on the one hand the impact of drilling equipment on the physicochemical quality of water from wells in the long term and on the other hand to check the possible presence of pollution related to agricultural activities. Therefore we conducted our study on six (6) drillings established since 1989 in Sapone, a village about thirty miles south of Ouagadougou located in table-1 in annex. Water samples from these wells were collected and the following physicochemical parameters were analyzed: pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, nitrates, nitrites, orthophosphates, sulfates, chlorides, iron and arsenic. We then compared our results with analyzes of the water of these drillings during their implantation in 1989. We also analyzed the waters of other wells drilled in 2002 in the same area to compare these results with those of the previous drillings. It appears from this study that the waters of all these drillings are of good quality and are safe for consumption. Their contents in calcium and magnesium are quite low. Nitrate and orthophosphate found in these waters are due to agricultural and domestic activities and their concentrations do not exceed the standards set. The impact of their equipments on the physicochemical quality of their waters in the long term is negligible.

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