International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Analysis of Exhaust Emissions from Gasoline Powered Vehicles in a Sub-urban Indian Town

    , , ,

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Civil Engineering, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, INDIA
  • 2Indian Farmers Fertilizer Cooperative Limited, Kalol, Gujrat, INDIA

Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., Volume 2, Issue (1), Pages 37-42, January,22 (2013)

Abstract

Production of 2-wheelers and 3-wheelers vehicle has been expanding rapidly over the past several years, especially in the urbanized areas of Asia. These vehicles emit substantial quantities of pollutants such as hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO) and particulate matter (PM). These pollutants have significant adverse health effects and deteriorate environmental quality. Presented in this paper are results of experimental study carried out to investigate the 2-wheeler emissions (CO, CO, NO, and HC) by onboard measurement method at cold start conditions, in a sub-urban area- Roorkee. Total number of hundred 2-wheelers vehicles randomly selected relatively between the 1990-2010 model years at various places. According to survey, average mileage of vehicle at the instrumentation time is 45,968 km with a maximum of 158995 km and minimum of 10,389 km. Due to the very large emissions on CO2 compare to other gases, COemissions are projected from 2000-01 to 2030-31. In projection two scenarios were discussed here first is business as usual scenario in which 2010-11, 2020-21 and 2030-31, CO intensities of all 2-wheelers modes were assumed to remain at 2000-01 levels. Second scenario was efficiency gain, where CO intensities of modal were assumed to decreases at the rate of 1% and 3% per year up to the year 2030-31.

References

  1. Pandey S., Singhal S., Jaswal P. and Guliani M., Urban Environment. Edited by Rastogi A., India Infrastructure Report, Urban Infrastructure, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 208-231 (2006)
  2. Onursal B. and Gautam S.P., Vehicular Air Pollution: Experiences from Seven Latin American Urban Centers, World Bank, Washington, DC, World Bank Technical, 373 (1997)
  3. Czerwinski J., Comte P. and Wili P., Summer Cold Start and emissions of different 2-wheelers. BUWAL, Ph. d. Thesis(2002)
  4. CPCB, Annual report, Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi, 163 (1999b)
  5. Keoleian G., Kar K., Manion M. and Bulkley J., Industrial Ecology of the Automobile, A Life Cycle Perspective, Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. Warrendale, PA. ISBN 1-56091-985-X (1997)
  6. Chapman L., Transport and Climate Change: A review, Journal of Transport Geography, , 354- 367 (2007)
  7. CRRI, Evaluation of Emission Characteristics and Compliance of Emission Standards for in-use Petrol Driven Vehicles and Critical Appraisal of the Efficacy of Existing Pollution Checking System in Delhi, Central Road Research Institute, Environment and Road Traffic Safety Division, New Delhi (1998)
  8. Nagendra M.S., Khare M., Principal Component Analysis of Urban Traffic Characteristic and Meteorological Data, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 6(4), 285-297 (2003)
  9. Holmen B.A. and Niemeier D.A., Characterizing the effects of driver variability on real world vehicle emissions, Transportation Research, 2), 117-128 (1998)
  10. Frey H.C., Rouphail N.M., Unal, A. And Colyar, J.D., Measurement of on-road tailpipe CO, NO and hydrocarbon emissions using a portable instrument, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association, 24–28, (2001)
  11. Tong, H.Y., Hung, W.T. and Cheung C.S., On-road motor vehicle emissions and fuel consumption in urban driving conditions, Journal of Air and Waste Management Association, 6(50), 543–554, (2000)
  12. Rouphail N.M., Frey C.H., Colyar J.D. And Unal A., Vehicle emissions and traffic measures: explanatory analysis of field observations at signalised arterials, 81st Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, 7–11 January, Washington, DC (2001)
  13. Unal A., Frey H.C., Rouphail N.M., Effect of arterial signalization and level of service on measured vehicle emissions, Transportation Research Record,1842, 47–56, (2003)
  14. Singh S.K., The demand for road-based passenger mobility in India: 1950-2030 and relevance for developing and developed countries, European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research6(3), 247-274, (2006)