Impact of Human Activities on the Quality of Water in Nyaruzinga Wetland of Bushenyi District - Uganda

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Impact of Human Activities on the Quality of Water in Nyaruzinga Wetland of Bushenyi District - Uganda

Author Affiliations

¹Department of Biological Sciences, Kyambogo University, P.O. Box 1, Kyambogo, UGANDA
²Department of Chemistry, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, UGANDA
³Department of Biology, Mbarara University of Sci. andTech., P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, UGANDA
⁴Kitabi College of Conservation and Environmental Management P.O Box 330, Huye, RWANDA

Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., Volume 1, Issue (4), Pages 1-6, November,22 (2012)

Abstract

The study presents an investigation into the effect of various human activities on the degradation and lowering of water quality in Nyaruzinga wetland which is located in Bushenyi district, South Western Uganda. Water samples were drawn from six different places (one town supply, one water reservoir) and four contaminated sources near the wetland. The results were compared to both national and WHO guidelines. The different parameters assessed included apparent colour (AC), total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity (Tur), total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), pH and microbial activity using E. coli as a standard test. Experimental methods were composed of complexometric titration, turbidimetry, pH direct meter reading, spectrophotometry and standard plate count, using membrane filter technique. Results obtained revealed that most of the parameters investigated were outside the range recommended by both national standard and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Such results were mainly attributed to fish farming and sewage discharge from the surrounding institutions.

References

Uganda National Wetland Policy. Conservation and Management of Wetland Resources (1995)
Namakambo N., Kampala wetlands, National Wetlands Program, Ministry of Water, Lands and Environment, Uganda (2000)
Hammer D.A. and Bastian R. K., Wetlands ecosystems; natural water purifiers. Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: Municipal, Industrial and Agricultural: 5 (1989)
Gaudet J.J., Uptake, accumulation of nutrients in tropical swamps, J. Ecol., 50, 415 (1977)
Kansiime F., The role of Cyperus papyrus in purifying waste water in a segmented constructed wetland, MSc. Thesis, E.E 124., IHE Delft, The Netherlands (1993)
Kansiime F. and Nalubega M., Waste water treatment by natural wetland: The Nakivubo swamp, Uganda, Processes and Implications, PhD Thesis, A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (1999)
Okia T.O., A pilot study on Municipal Wastewater Treatment Using Constructed Wetlands in Uganda. PhD Dissertation submitted to Wageningen University and UNESCO - IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft- The Netherlands (2000)
Alvani S.M. and Dehdashti Z., Principals of Tourism, Economy and Planning, Deputy of IRMF, Tehran, 102 1994)
Mason P., Tourism impacts, planning and management, Butterworth-Heinamann, Amsterdam, 57 (2003)
Tong J., Moore S., Hockings M., Worboys G. and Bridle K., Developing indicators for the sustainable management of visitor use of protected areas in Australia, viewed 1 August 2009. Retreived from ww.crctourism.com.au/WMS/Upload/Resources/bookshop/Tonge- Visitor % 20 Use % 20PAs.pdf, 33 (2005)
Oyoo R. and Arwata Bua G., Handout for basic water quality monitoring and analytical methods, 7 (2003)
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WHO. International Standards for Drinking Water, 29 1963)
Eruola A.O., Ufoegbune G.C., Eurola A.O., Awomeso J.A. and Abhulimen S.A., Assessment of Cadmium, Lead and Iron in Hand Dug Wells Of Ilaro And Aiyetoro, Ogun State, South-Westren Nigeria, Res. J. Chem. Sci., ), 1-5 (2011)
Vaishnav V. M. and Dewangan S., Assessment of Water Quality Status in Reference to Statistical Parameters in Different Aquifiers of Balco Industrial area, Korba, C.G. India, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(9), 67-72 (2011)
Matini L., Tathy C. and Moutou J. M., Seasonal Ground Water quality variation in Brazzaville, Congo, Res. J. Chem. Sci., ), 7-14 (2012)
Course Manual for Chemists and Bacteriologist of PHED Laboratories under National Drinking Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance Programme, Public Health Department, West Bengal (2010)
Ministry of Water, Lands and Environment, Uganda. Draft Report on Mapping Wetlands in the Districts of Bushenyi, Ntungamo, Rukungiri, Kabale and Kisoro. Nat. Wetlands Cons.and Management Prog., Ministry of Water, Lands and Environment - Uganda, 6 (1999)

[ref1] Uganda National Wetland Policy. Conservation and Management of Wetland Resources (1995)

[ref2] Namakambo N., Kampala wetlands, National Wetlands Program, Ministry of Water, Lands and Environment, Uganda (2000)

[ref3] Hammer D.A. and Bastian R. K., Wetlands ecosystems; natural water purifiers. Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: Municipal, Industrial and Agricultural: 5 (1989)

[ref4] Gaudet J.J., Uptake, accumulation of nutrients in tropical swamps, J. Ecol., 50, 415 (1977)

[ref5] Kansiime F., The role of Cyperus papyrus in purifying waste water in a segmented constructed wetland, MSc. Thesis, E.E 124., IHE Delft, The Netherlands (1993)

[ref6] Kansiime F. and Nalubega M., Waste water treatment by natural wetland: The Nakivubo swamp, Uganda, Processes and Implications, PhD Thesis, A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (1999)

[ref7] Okia T.O., A pilot study on Municipal Wastewater Treatment Using Constructed Wetlands in Uganda. PhD Dissertation submitted to Wageningen University and UNESCO - IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft- The Netherlands (2000)

[ref8] Alvani S.M. and Dehdashti Z., Principals of Tourism, Economy and Planning, Deputy of IRMF, Tehran, 102 1994)

[ref9] Mason P., Tourism impacts, planning and management, Butterworth-Heinamann, Amsterdam, 57 (2003)

[ref10] Tong J., Moore S., Hockings M., Worboys G. and Bridle K., Developing indicators for the sustainable management of visitor use of protected areas in Australia, viewed 1 August 2009. Retreived from ww.crctourism.com.au/WMS/Upload/Resources/bookshop/Tonge- Visitor % 20 Use % 20PAs.pdf, 33 (2005)

[ref11] Oyoo R. and Arwata Bua G., Handout for basic water quality monitoring and analytical methods, 7 (2003)

[ref12] Welch, Determination of trophic relationships within a high marine food web using delta-13C and delta-15N analysis. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 84: 9 (1992)

[ref13] WHO. The World Health Organisation Report, Geneva, 1997)

[ref14] WHO. International Standards for Drinking Water, 29 1963)

[ref15] Eruola A.O., Ufoegbune G.C., Eurola A.O., Awomeso J.A. and Abhulimen S.A., Assessment of Cadmium, Lead and Iron in Hand Dug Wells Of Ilaro And Aiyetoro, Ogun State, South-Westren Nigeria, Res. J. Chem. Sci., ), 1-5 (2011)

[ref16] Vaishnav V. M. and Dewangan S., Assessment of Water Quality Status in Reference to Statistical Parameters in Different Aquifiers of Balco Industrial area, Korba, C.G. India, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(9), 67-72 (2011)

[ref17] Matini L., Tathy C. and Moutou J. M., Seasonal Ground Water quality variation in Brazzaville, Congo, Res. J. Chem. Sci., ), 7-14 (2012)

[ref18] Course Manual for Chemists and Bacteriologist of PHED Laboratories under National Drinking Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance Programme, Public Health Department, West Bengal (2010)

[ref19] Ministry of Water, Lands and Environment, Uganda. Draft Report on Mapping Wetlands in the Districts of Bushenyi, Ntungamo, Rukungiri, Kabale and Kisoro. Nat. Wetlands Cons.and Management Prog., Ministry of Water, Lands and Environment - Uganda, 6 (1999)