@Editorial from Editor-in- <#LINE#> Dipak Sharma,<#LINE#> I. Res. J. Environmen Sci.,<#LINE#> @Research Paper <#LINE#>Physico Chemical and Microbial Analysis of Different River Waters in Western Tamil Nadu, India<#LINE#>Rajiv@P,Abdul Salam @ Hasna , M@Kamaraj,Sivaraj @ Rajeshwari,A@Sankar<#LINE#>2-6<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJEvsS-2012-003.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India, INDIA <#LINE#>29/6/2012<#LINE#>3rd/8/2012<#LINE#> The environmental quality is greatly focused on water because of its importance in maintaining the human health and health of the ecosystem. Many parts of the world are facing water scarcity problem due to limitation of water resources coincided with increasing population. Rivers are vital freshwater systems that are critical for the sustenance of life. In the present study, river water samples were collected in the period between January – March 2012 from different parts of western Tamil Nadu, India and various physico-chemical and microbial analyses were performed based on standard methods. The comparative results showed the pH (7.5 to 10.0), DO (8-16 mg/ml), BOD (2.5 -7.5 mg/L), COD (14.5 -15 mg/L), total hardness (100-520 mg/L), calcium (80-200 mg/L), magnesium (20-320 mg/L), number of bacterial colonies(100-120 CFU) and number of fungal colonies(30-45 CFU). <#LINE#> @ @ Iskandar M. B., The effectiveness of biofilter as a treatment for domestic wastewater, University Malaysia Pahang (thesis) (2010) @No $ @ @ UNEP. Global Environmental Outlook. United Nations Environment, (2000) @No $ @ @ Kumar N.A., View on Freshwater environmentEcol. Env and Cons, (3), 3 (1997) @No $ @ @ Muduli Bipra Prasanna and Panda Chitta Ranjan. Physico chemical properties of water collected from Dhamra estuary, International journal of environmental sciences. 1(3),(2010) @No $ @ @ Sangu R.P.S. and Sharma S.K. An assessment of water quality of river Ganga at Garmukeshwar. Ind. J. Ecol.,14(20), 278-287 (1987) @No $ @ @ Subba Rao C. and Subba Rao N.V., Ground water quality in residential colony, Ind. J. Environ. Hlth.,37(4), 295-300 (1995) @No $ @ @ Tebutt T.H.Y., Principles of Quality Control, Pergamon, England, 235 (1983) @No $ @ @ APHA. (American Public Health Association), Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 18 Ed., Eds.: G. E. Greenberg, L. S. Clesceri, A. D. Eaton. Publ. Office American Public Health Association. Washington, D. C. 9-1-9-147 (1992) @No $ @ @ WHO. World Health Organization. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (1993) @No $ @ @ Sivakumar K.K., Balamurugan C., Ramakrishnan D. and Leena Hebsibai L., Studies on physico chemical analysis of ground water in Amaravathi river basin at Karur (Tamil Nadu), India. Water R and D.,1(1) 36-39 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ali J., An Assessment of the Water Quality of Ogunpa River Ibadan, Nigeria. M.Sc. Dissertation. University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria (1991) @No $ @ @ Chapman D., Water Quality Assessment, 2nd edn. EPFN Spon, London (1996) @No $ @ @ Hynes H.B.N., The Ecology of Running Waters. Liverpool University Press, Liverpool, 555 (1970) @No $ @ @ Patil P.R., Patil K.S. and Dhande A.D., Studies on drinking water quality in Bhusawal corporation water supply,Ind. J. Environ. Protec.,22(2), 161-164 (2002) @No $ @ @ Radha Krishnan R., Dharmaraj K. and Ranjitha Kumari B. D., A comparative study on the physicochemical and bacterial analysis of drinking, borewell and sewage water in the three different places of Sivakasi, Journal of Environmental Biology, 28(1), 105-108 (2007) @No $ @ @ Hemant Pathak, Deepak Pathak and Limaye S.N., Studies on the physico-chemical status of two water bodies at Sagar city under anthropogenic Influences, Advances in Applied Science Research. 3(1) 31-44 (2012) @No $ @ @ Srinivasa, Rao B. and Venkateswarlu P., Evaluation of ground water quality in chirala town (Prakasam district). Ind. J. Environ. Protec.,20(3), 161-164 (1999) @No $ @ @ Roy Y. and Kumar R. A., A study of water quality of the rivers of Ranchi district, Ind. J. Environ. Protec, 21(5),398-402 (2002) @No $ @ @ Garg V. K., Gupta R., Goel S., Taneja M. and Khurana B., Assessment of underground drinking water quality in eastern part of Hisar, Ind. J. Environ. Protec., 20(6) 407-412 (1999) @No $ @ @ Subhadradevi G., Barbuddhe S. B., Hazel D. and Dolly C., Physicochemical characteristics of drinking water at Velseo, (Goa), J. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit,13(3), 203-209 (2003) @No $ @ @ Edema M.O., Omemu A.M. and Fapetu O.M., Microbiology and Physicochemical Analysis of different sources of drinking water in Abeokuta. Nigeria. Niger. J. Microbiol. 15(1), 57-61 (2001) @No $ @ @ Baxter-Potter W. and Gilliland M., Bacterial Pollution of Run-off from Agricultural Lands, J. Environ. Qual.,17(1), 27-34 (1988) @No $ @ @ Karikari A.Y. and Ansa-Asare O. D., Physicochemical and microbial water quality assessment of the Densu River of Ghana. West Afr. J. Appl. Ecol.,10, 87-100 (2006) @No <#LINE#>Physico-chemical analysis of groundwater of the Budhi Gandak belt in Muzaffarpur district, India<#LINE#>S.@Mumtazuddin,A.K.@Azad,Prabhat@Bharti,Rakesh@Ranjan<#LINE#>7-11<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJEvsS-2012-004.pdf<#LINE#> University Department of Chemistry, B.R. Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur – 842001, Bihar, INDIA. <#LINE#>30/6/2012<#LINE#>6/7/2012<#LINE#> The present investigation was carried out to analyse water samples from bored tube wells at different sites along the Budhi Gandak belt from Kanti to Motipur in Muzaffarpur district of Bihar state during winter season (January and February) of 2012. Parameters such as pH, conductivity, TDS, DO, total hardness, alkalinity, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and chloride as well as heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Fe and As have been studied. TDS of some samples exceeded the maximum permissible limit of WHO. Iron was also found much above the maximum permissible limit of WHO in almost all the samples. Some water samples along Budhi Gandak belt under study had arsenic contamination which even exceeded the maximum permissible limit of WHO. The arsenic contamination in the groundwater of this area is a serious concern for human health. <#LINE#> @ @ Kumar T.J.R., Balasubramanian A., Kumar R.S. and Manoharan K., Groundwater Hydrogeochemical Characterization of Chittar sub Basin, Tambaraparani river, Tiirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 9(1), 133-140 (2010) @No $ @ @ Trivedy P.R. and Gurdeep Raj, Encyclopedia of environmental science. Akashdeep publishing house, New Delhi, 12, 1279-95 (1992) @No $ @ @ Parikh Ankita N. and Mankodi P.C., Limnology of of Sama pond, Vadodara city, Gujarat, Res. J. Rec. Sci., 1 (1), 16-21 (2012) @No $ @ @ Murhekar Gopalkrushna Haribhau, Trace metal contamination of surface water samples in and around Akot city in Maharashtra, India, Res. J. Rec. Sci., 1 (7), 5-9 (2012) @No $ @ @ Parihar S.S., Kumar Ajit, Kumar Ajay, Gupta R.N., Pathak Manoj, Shrivastav Archana and Pandey A.C., Physico-chemical an microbiological analysis of underground water in and around Gwalior city, MP, India, Res. J. Rec. Sci., 1 (6), 62-65 (2012) @No $ @ @ Nwajei G.E., Obi-Iyeke G.E. and Okwagi P., Distribution of selected trace metal in fish parts from the river Nigeria, Res. J. Rec. Sci., 1 (1), 81-84 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mumtazuddin S., Azad A.K., Kumar M. and Gautam A.K., Determination of physico-chemical parameters in some ground water samples at Muzaffarpur town, Asian Journal of Chemical and Environmental Research, 2(1-2), 18-20 (2009) @No $ @ @ Mumtazuddin S., Azad A.K. and Kumar M., Assessment of Water Quality of Budhi Gandak River at Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India, Int. J. Chem. Sci., 7(4), 2429-2433 (2009) @No $ @ @ Mumtazuddin S., Azad A. K. and Prabhat Bharti, Assessment of physico- chemical parameters and heavy metals in some groundwater samples at Muzaffarpur Town during pre-monsoon, Biospectra, 6 (2), 129-135 (2011) @No $ @ @ Mumtazuddin S., Azad A.K., Kaushal Kabir, Kanhaiya Jee and Amjad Ali, Water quality assessment of Oxbow lake of Sikanderpur at Muzaffarpur town in Bihar state in the month of September, 2011, J. Chemtracks, 13(2), 379-384 (2011) @No $ @ @ APHA, Standard Methods of Examination of Water and Wastewater, 19th ed., American Public Health Association, Washington DC (1996) @No $ @ @ De A.K., Environmental Chemistry. 7th ed., New Age International Publishers, N. Delhi (2010) @No $ @ @ EPA, Quality Criteria for Water, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, USA (1976) @No $ @ @ Definitions of pH scales, standard reference values, measurement of pH, and related terminology, Pure Appl. Chem., 57pp, 531–542 (1985) @No $ @ @ Ramadevi P. et al, The study of water quality of Ponnamaravathy in Pudukkottai district, Tamil Nadu, Nature, Environment, and Pollution, Technology, 8 (1), 91-94 (2009) @No $ @ @ Davies S.N. and De Wiest R.J.M., Hydrogeology, John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York (1996) @No $ @ @ Shrivastava A.K., A review on copper pollution and its removal from water bodies by Pollution Control Technology, IJEP, 29 (6), 552-560 (2009) @No $ @ @ Abbasi S.A., Abbasi Naseema and Soni Rajendra, Heavy Metals in the Environment, Mittal Publication (1998) @No $ @ @ Adak M.D. and Purohit K.M., Assessment of the water quality in Rajgangpur Industrial Complex – II: Metallic parameters, Pollution research, 20 (4), 575 (2001) @No $ @ @ Korte N.E., and Fernando Q., A review of arsenic(III) in groundwater, Critical Reviews in Environmental Control21(1), 1-39 (1991) @No $ @ @ Khan H.R., Management of groundwater resources for irrigation in Bangladesh, FAO, (1994) @No $ @ @ Bhattacharya P. and Mukherjee A.B., Management of arsenic contaminated groundwater in the Bengal Delta Plain. In conference on Management of Water Resources (eds Chatterji, M., Arlosoroff, S. and Guha, G.), Ashgate Publishing, UK, pp 308–348 (2002) @No $ @ @ Singh A.K., Arsenic contamination in groundwater of North Eastern India. In Proceedings of 11th National Symposium on Hydrology with Focal Theme on Water Quality, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, pp. 255–262 (2004) @No $ @ @ Singh A.K., Approaches for removal of arsenic from groundwater of northeastern India, CURRENT SCIENCE, 92 (11), 1506-1515 (2007) @No $ @ @ Nickson R.T., McArthur J.M., Burgess W.G., Ahmed K.M., Ravenscroft P. and Rahaman M., Arsenic poisoning of Bangladesh groundwater, Nature, 395–338 (1998) @No $ @ @ Manimaran D., Groundwater geochemistry study using GIS in and around Vallanadu hills, Tamil Nadu, India, Res. J. Rec. Sci., 1 (7), 5-9 (2012) @No <#LINE#>Water Quality Evaluation of River Ghataprabha (India)<#LINE#>C.B@Shivayogimath,P.B@Kalburgi,U.B@Deshannavar,D.B.M@Virupakshaiah<#LINE#>12-18<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJEvsS-2012-006.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Civil Engineering, Basaveshwar Engineering College, Bagalkot, Karnataka, INDIA @ Department of Biotechnology, Basaveshwar Engineering College, Bagalkot, Karnataka, INDIA @ Chemical Engineering Dept., KLE Society’s Dr. M.S. Sheshgiri College of Engineering and Technology, Belgaum, Karnataka, INDIA <#LINE#>7/7/2012<#LINE#>18/7/2012<#LINE#> A study was made for evaluating the water quality of a 30 km stretch of river Ghataprabha by measuring various physico-chemical and biological water quality parameters. River Ghataprabha, a tributary of River Krishna, during its flow through Belgaum district in north Karnataka state receives untreated domestic wastes from Gokak town and three villages situated on the bank of river at the downstream of the river after Gokak town. Depending upon the location of point sources of waste discharges, seven sampling stations were selected for collecting the water samples. The parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), hardness, alkalinity, etc. were analyzed every month for two years (2006-07 and 2007-08) and presented as two year average values during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. From the results it was found that there was a significant increase, especially in the pre-monsoon season, in all the physico-chemical parameters from the downstream of Gokak town. However, all the parameters were within the prescribed limits of drinking water standards. As per the CPCB stream classification, based on the results of BOD, the river stretch up to a distance of 3 km from the upstream boundary (upstream of Gokak town) can be designated as class of stream ‘C’, whereas the stretch between 3 to 30 km can be categorized as class of stream ‘D’. In terms of DO, the river satisfied the standards of class of stream ‘C’ (> 4 mg/l) at all the places during both the seasons. <#LINE#> @ @ Bhuvaneswaran N.G. and Rajeswari S., Water quality of river Adyar in Chennai city-The River a Boon or Bane, Indian J. Environ Prote., 19(6), 412-415 (1999) @No $ @ @ Haribhau M.G., Trace Metals Contamination of Surface Water Samples in and Around Akot City in Maharashtra, India, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(7), 5-9 (2012) @No $ @ @ Patil S.G., Chonde S.G., Jadhav A.S. and Raut P.D., Impact of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Shivaji University lakes on Phytoplankton Communities, Kolhapur, India, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(2), 56-60 (2012) @No $ @ @ Manimaran D., Groundwater Geochemistry Study Using GIS in and Around Vallanadu Hills, Tamil Nadu, India, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(7), 52-58 (2012) @No $ @ @ Parihar S.S., Kumar A., Kumar Ajay, Gupta R.N., Pathak Manoj, Shrivastav Archana and Pandey A.C., Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Analysis of underground Water in and Around Gwalior City, MP, India, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(6), 62-65 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ranjan R., Water Quality Monitoring of Groundwater Resources around Sugar Factory, Near East-West Champaran Border, Bihar, India, Res. J. Recent Sci., 2(7), 79-81 (2012) @No $ @ @ Gleick P.H., Water in crisis: A guide to the world’s fresh water resources, Oxford University press, New York., (1993) @No $ @ @ APHA., Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, American Public Health Association, 20th Ed., Washington DC., (1998) @No $ @ @ Rao S.N., Chaubey R. and Srinivasan K.V., Ganga waters quality in Bihar, Indian J. Environ. Hlth, 32, 393-484 (1990) @No $ @ @ Khare S.K. and Unni K.S., Changes in Physico-chemical factors and distribution of periphyton in Pollar river Proc. All India Seminar on Water Quality around urban ecosystems. Ed. K. S. Unni., (1986) @No $ @ @ Shukla S.C., Tripathi B.D., Mishra B.P. and Chaturvedi, S.S., Physico-chemical and Bacteriological properties of the water of river Ganga at Ghazipur, Comp. Physiol. Ecol.,17, 92 – 96 (1992) @No $ @ @ Unni K.S., Comparative limnology of several reservoirs in Central India. Int. Rev. Gesanten. Hydrobiol., 70, 845–856 (1985) @No $ @ @ Pal U.C., Bandopadhyay, G. and Santra S.C., Importance of phytoplankton study in the assessment of water quality-A case study from Bhagirathi-Hoogly river basin. Proc. All India Seminar on Water Quality around Urban Ecosystem and their management. 27–29 (1986) @No $ @ @ Singh D.K. and Singh C.P., Pollution studies on river Subernarekha around industrial belt of Ranchi (Bihar). Ind. J. 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Saksena., (1992) @No <#LINE#>Hydrochemical Characteristics of Groundwater for Domestic and Irrigation Purposes in Periyakulam Taluk of Theni District, Tamil Nadu<#LINE#>K.Ramesh,Jagadeeswari.P @Bhuvana<#LINE#>19-27<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJEvsS-2012-007.pdf<#LINE#> Centre for Water Resources, Dept of Civil Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, TN, INDIA. <#LINE#>3rd/7/2012<#LINE#>26/7/2012<#LINE#> Study was carried out in Periyakulam taluk of Theni district in Tamil Nadu, India with an objective of understanding the suitability of local groundwater quality for domestic and irrigation purposes. Thirty groundwater samples were collected in premonsoon (August 2011) and postmonsoon (February 2012) and analysed for physical and chemical parameters. Groundwater in this area was found to be within desirable Bureau of Indian Standards for drinking water except certain location hardness and Fluoride exceeds the permissible limit (more than 1.5 mg/l). The presence of fluoride above the permissible level have created a serious threat to rural population dental fluorosis have appeared alarming rate in certain regions. Hydrochemical groundwater evaluations revealed that most of the groundwater belongs to the Ca-HCO type and mixed Ca-Mg-Cl type. Base-exchange indices classified 83% of the groundwater sources as the Na-SO2- and 73% belong to Na-HCO type pre and postmonsoon. The meteoric genesis indices demonstrated that 73% of groundwater sources belong to a deep meteoric water percolation type before monsoon and 76% belong to a shallow meteoric water type in after monsoon season. Groundwater in this area was assessed for irrigation purposes on the basis of salinity indices, chloronity indices, sodicity indices, sodium percentage, and residual sodium carbonate classification. Most of the groundwater samples were suitable for irrigation except in a few locations. <#LINE#> @ @ APHA., Standard methods for examination of water and waste water 15th Ed. American pub. 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File No. FS0334, DPI’s Agency for Food and Fibre Sciences, Toowoomba (2003) @No $ @ @ Murhekar Gopalkrishna H., Assessment of physico Chemical status of Groundwater samples in Alkot city, Res. J. Chem.Sci., 4 117-124 (2011) @No $ @ @ Piper A.M., A graphical procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water analyses, Trans Amer. Geophy. Unio., 25 914-928 (1944) @No $ @ @ Raghunath H.M., Groundwater, New Delhi, Wiley (1987) @No $ @ @ Ramesh K. and Elango L. Groundwater quality assessment in Tondiar basin, Ind. J. Environ. Prot., 26 (6) 497-504 (2005) @No $ @ @ Richards L.A., Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkaline soils, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (1954) @No $ @ @ Singh K.P., Malik D., Singh V.K. and Sinha S., Evaluation of groundwater quality in Northern Indo-Gangetic alluvium region, Env. Monit. 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Environmental Science and Technology, ISTAR, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat-388120, INDIA<#LINE#>23rd/7/2012<#LINE#>28/7/2012<#LINE#> A report of physico-chemical study of the water samples taken from the Anand district of central Gujarat is presented here. Water samples from 42 sites have been subjected to physico- chemical analysis including parameters viz. pH, TDS, conductivity, hardness, dissolved oxygen, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, fluoride, iron and boron. Observations indicated pH, nitrate and phosphate values to be within permissible limit, TDS showed variable results while conductivity was high total hardness was slightly higher in some sampling locations, otherwise within the limits. Fe and boron was significantly high in all the locations. Fluoride was also absent in all the locations except Borsad. Chloride was considerably high only in Khambhat. The results were used to calculate the water quality index to draw conclusion about the suitability of the water for drinking and other domestic applications. <#LINE#> @ @ Murhekar Gopalkrushna H., Assessment of Physico-Chemical Status of Ground Water Samples in Akot city, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(4), 117-124 (2011) @No $ @ @ Parihar S.S., Kumar Ajit, Kumar Ajay, Gupta R.N., Pathak Manoj, Shrivastav Archana and Pandey A.C., PhysicoChemical and Microbiological Analysis of Underground Water in and Around Gwalior City, MP, India. Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(6), 62-65 (2012) @No $ @ @ Haribhau M.G., Trace metals contamination of surface water samples in and around Akot city in Mahrashtra, India, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(7), 5-9 (2012) @No $ @ @ Manimaran D., Groundwater Geochmistry Study Using GIS in and Around Vallanadu Hills, Tamilnadu, India, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(7), 52-58 (2012) @No $ @ @ Antony Ravindran A., Azimuthal Square Array Resistivity Method and Goundwater Exploration in Sanganoor, Coimbatore District, Tamilnadu, India, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(4), 41-45 (2012) @No $ @ @ Central Ground water board, Ministry of water resources, Govt. of India. Faridabad, Groundwater Quality of shallow aquifers of India, 05,(2010) @No $ @ @ Eruola A.O., Ufoegbune G.C., Eruola A.O. Awomeso J.A. and Abhulimen S.A., Assessment of Cadmium, Lead and Iron in Hand Dug Wells of Ilaro and Aiyetoro, Ogun State, South-Western Nigeria, Res. J. Chem. 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INDIA. Res. J. Chem. Sci.,1(9), 67-72 (2011) @No $ @ @ http://hppcb.gov.in/eiasorang/spec.pdf Patil V.T. and Patil P. R., Physicochemical Analysis of Selected Groundwater Samples of Amalner Town in Jalgaon District, Maharashtra, India, e-J. Chem,7(1), 111-116 (2010) @No $ @ @ Patil V.T. and Patil P. R., Physicochemical Analysis of Selected Groundwater Samples of Amalner Town in Jalgaon District, Maharashtra, India, e-J. Chem, (1), 111-116 (2010) @No $ @ @ Ranjan Rakesh, Water Quality Monitoring of Groundwater Resources around Sugar Factory, Near East-West Champaran Border, Bihar, India, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,,2(7), 79-81 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mahananda M.R., Mohanty B.P. and Behera N.R., Physicochemical analysis of surface and groundwater of Bargarh district, Orissa, India, Intl. J. Res. Rev. App. Sci., 2(3), 284-295 (2010) @No $ @ @ World Health Organization, Geneva, Guidelines for drinking-water quality, Health criteria and other supporting information, 2nd ed. Vol. 2. (1996) @No $ @ @ Mangale Sapana M., Chonde Sonal G. and Raut P. D. Use of Moringa Oleifera (Drumstick) seed as Natural Absorbent and an Antimicrobial agent for Ground water Treatment, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(3), 31-40 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sivakumar K. K., Balamurugan C., Ramakrishnan D. and Leena H. L., Studies on Physicochemical Analysis of Ground Water in Amaravathi River Basin at Karur (Tamil Nadu), India, Water Research and Development,1(1), 36-39 (2011) @No $ @ @ Sehar S., Iffat N., Ali M. I. and Ahmed S., Monitoring of Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Analysis of Under Ground Water Samples of District Kallar Syedan, Rawalpindi-Pakistan, Res. J. Chem. Sc., 1(8), 24-30 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rao V.B., Physicochemical analysis of selected ground water samples of Vijayawada rural and urban in Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh, India Intl. J. Env. Sci., 2(2), 710-714 (2011) @No <#LINE#>Removal of Hg (II) ions from aqueous solution by acid acrylic resin A Study through Adsorption isotherms Analysis <#LINE#> C. @ Karthika ,M.@Sekar<#LINE#>34-41<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJEvsS-2012-015.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemistry, Sri Ramakrishna mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore-641 020, Tamil Nadu, INDIA<#LINE#>29/7/2012<#LINE#>13/8/2012<#LINE#> The feasibility of using Amberlite IRC-86, a weak acid cation- exchange resin as an adsorbent for mercury (II) ions removal was examined. The influences of experimental parameters such as pH, initial mercury concentration, and agitation time and resin dosage were investigated. The data were analyzed on the basis of Lagergren pseudo-first order, Ho pseudo-second order, Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich- Peterson isotherm models. The ion -exchange process, which is pH dependant, indicated that maximum removal of mercury (II) was obtained at pH 7±0.1 and a resin dosage of 0.1g. Through fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning electron microscopy coupled energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDAX) analysis, the ion -exchange mechanism was confirmed. Finally, the resin can be regenerated by treatment of the spent resin with HCl. The experimental results indicate that Amberlite IRC-86, weak acid cation exchange resin is a promising adsorbent, which could be used effectively for the removal of mercury (II) ions from aqueous medium. <#LINE#> @ @ Nriagu J.O. and Pacyna J.M., Quantitative assessment of worldwide contamination of air, water and soils by trace metals, Nature, 333, 134 - 139 (1988) @No $ @ @ Kinhikar V.R.,Removal of Nickel (II) from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption with GranularActivated Carbon (GAC), Res. J. Che. Sci., 2(6) 6-11, (2012) @No $ @ @ Ma N., Yang Y., Chen S and Zhang Q., Preparation of amine group - containing chelating fiber for thorough removal of mercury ions, J.Hazard. Mater.,(2009) @No $ @ @ Malkoc E. and Nuhoglu Y., Investigations of nickel (II) removal from aqueous solutions using tea factory wasteHazard. Mater, 127 120-128 (2005) @No $ @ @ Carmona M., Warchol J., A de Lucas and Rodriguez J.Ion-exchange equilibria of Pbon Amberlite IR-120 resin, J.Chem. Eng.(2008) @No $ @ @ Lin L.C., Li J. K and Juang R.S., Removal of Cu(II) and Ni (II) from aqueous solutions using batch and fixed ion exchange processes, Desalination.,(2008) @No $ @ @ Lee L.H., Kuan Y.C and Chern J.M., Factorial experimental design for recovering sludge with ion - exchange resin549-559 (2006) @No $ @ @ Silva R.M.P., Manso J.P.H., Rodrigues J.R.C and Lagoa R.J.L., A comparative study of alginate beads and an ion exchange resin for the removal of heavy metals frmetal plating effluent, J. Environ. Sci. Health1317 (2008) @No $ @ @ Ramakrishna T.V., Aravamudhan G., Vijayakumar M., Spectrophotometric determination of mercury (II) on ternary complex with Rhodamine 6G and iodide, Chem Acta., 84 369 (1976) @No $ @ @ Aroua M.K., Leong S.P.P., Teo L.Y., Yin C.Y and Daud W.M.A.W., Real-time determination of kinetics of adsorption of lead (II) onto palm shell carbon using ion selective electrode, 99 5786-5792 (2008) @No $ @ @ Shubha K.., Raji C. and Anirudhan T.S., Immobilization of heavy metals from aqueous solutions using polyacrylamide grafted hydrous Tin (IV) oxide gel having carboxylate functional groups, Water Res.,3512.300-310 (2001) @No $ @ @ Greluk M and Hubicki Z., Sorptionon polystyrene anion exchangers: Equilibrium and Kinetics studies, J. Hazard. Mater @No $ @ @ Shafaei A., Ashtiani F.Z and Kaghazchi T., Equilibrium studies of the sorption of Hg(II) ions onto chitosan, Eng. J.,133 311-316 (2007) @No $ @ @ Chiron N., Guilet R and Deydier E., Adsorption of Cu(II) and Pb(II) onto a grafted silica: Isotherms and Kinetic models, Water Res.,37 3079 –3086 (2003) @No $ @ @ Hasan S.H., Singh K. K., Prakash O., Talat M and Ho Y.S., Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions using agricultural waste maize bran, 365 (2008) @No $ @ @ Gercel O., Ozcan A., Ozcan A.S and Ferdigercel H., Preparation of activated carbon from a renewable bioof Euphorbia rigida by HSO4behavior in aqueous solutions, 4852 (2007) @No $ @ @ Kadirvelu K., Faur-Brasquet C and Le Cloirec P., Removal of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Ni (II) onto activated carbon cloth, Langmuir., 8404 – 8409 (2000) @No $ @ @ Sakkayawong N., Thiraveryan P and Nakbanpote W., Adsorption mechanism of synthetic reactive dye wastewater by chitosan, J. Colloid. Interface sci.,256 36 – 42 (2005) @No $ @ @ Reddad Z., Gerante C., Andree Y and Cloirec P., Adsorption of several metal ions onto a low -cost biosorbents: Kinetics and equilibrium studies, Environ. Sci. Technol.,36 2067 – 2073 (2002) @No $ @ @ Srivastava V.C,.Mall I.D and Mishra I.M., Characterization of mesoporous rice husk ash (RHA) and adsorption kinetics of metal ions from aqueous solution onto RHA, J.Hazard.Mater.,314, 257-267 (2006) @No $ @ @ Dandekar A., Baker R.T.K and Vannice M.A., Characterization of activated carbon, graphitized carbon fibers and synthetic diamond powder using TPD and DRIFTS, Carbon., 36, 1821-1831 (1998) @No @Short Communication <#LINE#>Rotifer Diversity in a Semiurban Shallow Perrenial Water Body: A Case Study of Jalaser Tank Mandalgarh, India<#LINE#>AnilKumar@Tripathi,Nadim@Chishty<#LINE#>42-45<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJEvsS-2012-012.pdf<#LINE#> 2Limnological Research center, MLV Govt. College, Bhilwara (Rajasthan) INDIA @ Govt. Meera Girls College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, INDIA <#LINE#>23rd/7/2012<#LINE#>31/7/2012<#LINE#> The species composition of plankton invertebrates was studied in Jalaser tank Mandalgarh in 2009–2010. A list of planktonic rotifers was made. The dominating complexes of zooplankton organisms were found. The quantitative characteristics of plankton communities in the pond were described and analysed on the basis of various diversity indices. <#LINE#> @ @ Kadam S.S. and Tiwari L.R., Zooplankton Composition in Dahanu Creek-West Coast of India, Res.J.Recent Sci.1(5),62-65, (2012) @No $ @ @ Wallace R.L., T.W. Snell, C. Ricci and T. Nogrady, Rotifera: Volume 1 Biology, Ecology and Systematics (2nd ed.). In: Guides to the identification of the microinvertebrates of the continental waters of the world. (Segers H. and H.J. Dumont Eds), Kenobi Productions, Ghent, and Backhuys Publishers, Leiden: (23), 1-299 (2006) @No $ @ @ Giribet G., Distel D.L., Polz M., Sterrer W. and Wheeler W.C., Triploblastic Relationships with Emphasis on the Acoelomates and the Position of Gnathostomulida, Cycliophora, Plathelminthes, and Chaetognatha: A Combined Approach of 18S rDNA Sequences and Morphology, Syst. Biol .,49(3), 539-562 (2000) @No $ @ @ Welch.M., evidence for the evolution of bdelloid rotifers without sexual reproduction or genetic exchange Science., (288), 1211-1215 (2000) @No $ @ @ Segersr H. Global diversity of rotifers (Rotifera) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia., (595), 49–59 (2008) @No $ @ @ Trivedi R.K., Goel P.K. and Trisal C. L., Practical methods in ecology and environmental science. Environmental publications, Karad, India., 1-340 (1987) @No $ @ @ APHA, Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater. 21st Edn. APHA, AWWA, WPCF, Washington DC, USA (2005) @No $ @ @ Saxena M.M., Environmental Analysis – Water, Soil and Air. Agro Botanical Publishers (India), (1994) @No $ @ @ Welch P.S., Limnological Methods. McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc., New York, 1-536 (1952) @No $ @ @ Goswamy A.P. and Mankody P.C., Study on Zooplankton of Fresh Water Reservoir Nyari – II Rajkot district, @No $ @ @ Gujarat, India, ISCA J. Biological Sci.1(1), 30-34 (2012) @No $ @ @ Altaff K., A manual of Zooplankton Department of Zoology, The New College, Chennai, (2003) @No $ @ @ Edmondson W.T., Freshwater Biology. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1-124 (1992) @No $ @ @ Edmondson W.T., Nutrients and phytoplankton in lake Washington, Limnol. Oceanog. Special Symp., (1), 172-193(1972) @No $ @ @ Battish S.K., Fresh water zooplanktons Of India, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Ltd. New Delhi, (1992) @No $ @ @ Dhanapathi, M.V.S.S.S., Taxonomic notes on the rotifers from India (from 1889-2000). Indian Association of Aquatic Biologists (IAAB), Hyderabad. (2000) @No $ @ @ Shannon, C.E. and W. Weaver: The Mathematical Theory of Communication. University Illinois Press, Urbana.1-117 (1963) @No $ @ @ Lloyd M.J., Zar J.K. and Karr J.R, On the calculation of information- Theoritical measures of diversity, Am.Midl.Nat.,79(2), 257-272 (1968) @No $ @ @ Menhinick Edward F., A Comparison of Some Species-Individuals Diversity Indices Applied to Samples of Field Insects. Ecology., (45), 859–861 (1964) @No $ @ @ Nandini S., Sarma S.S.S. and Ramírez-García P., Seasonal variations of zooplankton from a drinking water reservoir (Valle de Bravo) in Mexico. In: Advances in fish and wildlife ecology and biology (Ed.: B.L. Kaul), Daya Publishing House, Tri Nagar, Delhi, India , (4), 75-86 (2007) @No $ @ @ Annalakshmi and Amsath, Studies on the hydrobiology of river cauvery and its tributaries arasalar from kumbakonam region (tamilnadu, india) with reference to zooplankton, Int. Journ. of App. Bio. and Pharma. Tech.3(1), 325-336 (2012) @No $ @ @ Jhingran V.G., Natrajan A.L., Banarjee S.M. and David A., Methodology on reservoir fisheries investigation in India, Bull. Cent. Ini. Fish. Res. Ins. Barrackpore., (12), 1-109 (1969) @No $ @ @ Dhembare A. J., Individual and Synchronized Correlation between water and Rotifer. from Dynaneshwar Dam, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, Euro. J. Exp. Bio.,(1), 122-126 (2012) @No <#LINE#>Biodegradation of Phenol by a Bacterial Strain Isolated From a Phenol Contaminated Site in India<#LINE#>Naresh@Butani,Honey@Parekh,Saliya@Vaishali<#LINE#>46-49<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJEvsS-2012-013.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Microbiology, Bhagwan Mahavir College of Biotechnology, Surat-394220, Gujarat, INDIA <#LINE#>23rd/7/2012<#LINE#>1/8/2012<#LINE#> Phenol, an organic compound, is very toxic upon ingestion, contact or inhalation and is lethal to living organism even at low concentration. Phenolic compounds are present in varying concentration in waste water of synthetic resins, plastic and polymer manufacturing, dye and dye intermediate manufacturing and pharmaceutical industries. Among various techniques available for removing phenol biological treatment has been proved to be economical and most promising and versatile approach. The present investigation was under taken to assess the biodegradation of phenol by native bacterial strain from effluent from phenol contaminated site of Amla Khadi, Ankleshwar. A selected, Gram positive, bacterial strain so isolated, has been used to study biodegradation of phenol in shake flask culture. Various physicochemical parameters are optimized for the maximum biodegradation of phenol, viz., pH, temperature, initial concentration of phenol, additional carbon sources and additional nitrogen sources. Complete phenol biodegradation was achieved after 4 days in 1000 ppm solution. The isolated Gram positive bacterium can be exploited as a candidate of choice for the bioremediation of phenolic effluent. <#LINE#> @ @ Kumar Praveen G.N. and Sumangala K.B., FungalDegradation of Azo dye- Red 3BN and Optimization of Physico-Chemical Parameters, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(2), 17-24 (2012)@No $ @ @ Muftah H.E., Shaheen A.A. and Souzan M., Biodegradation of phenol by Pseudomonas putida immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel, Journal of hazardous material, 164, 720-725 (2009) @No $ @ @ Hayashi D., Hoeben W.F.L.M., Veldhuizen E.M., Rutgers W.R. and Kroeson G.M.W., In-situ study for the reaction pathway of aqueous phenol degradation by pulsed corona discharges. Proceedings of international conference on phenomena in ionized gases, Germany (2003)@No $ @ @ Kumar S.R., Kumar R. S. and Kumar R. J., Decolorization of Reactive Black HFGR by Aspergillus sulphureus, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(1), 55-61 (2012) @No $ @ @ Baroniya M., Baroniya S.S. and Jain M., Operation and Maintenance of Water Treatment Plant at BNP Campus Dewas, India: A Case Study, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(1), 83-86 (2012)@No $ @ @ Murhekar G.H., Trace Metals Contamination of Surface Water Samples in and Around Akot City in Maharashtra,India, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(7), 5-9 (2012)@No $ @ @ Nor S.Y., Ariff A., Rosfarizan M., Ahmed S.A., Abdul L. I.,Norazah M.N. and Shukor M. Y. A., Optimization of parameter for phenol degradation by Rhodococcus UKM-Pin shake flask culture, Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering, 1, (2010) @No $ @ @ Pawar M.J., Nimbalkar V.B., Synthesis and phenol degradation activity of Zn and Cr doped TiO2 Nanoparticles, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 2(1), 32-37 (2012)@No $ @ @ Frieda O. and Nava N., Characteristics of organic removal by PACT simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation,Water Research, 31(3), 391-398 (1997) @No $ @ @ Ruey S.J., Wen C.H. and Ya H.H., Treatment of phenol in synthetic saline wastewater by solvent extraction and two phase membrane biodegradation, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164(1), 46-52 ( 2009) @No $ @ @ Wang Y.T., Effect of chemical oxidation on anaerobicbiodegradation of model phenolic compounds, Water Environment Research, 64(3), 268-273 (1992)@No $ @ @ Azin I. and Katayon S., Degradation of phenol in wastewater using anolyte produced from electrochemical generation of brine solution, Global Nest: International journal, 4(2-3), 139-144 (2002) @No $ @ @ Sally N.J., Extraction of Phenol from Industrial Water Using Different Solvents, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences,2(4), 1-12 (2012)@No $ @ @ Pichiah S., Kannan A.P. and Prabirkumar S., Kinetics of phenol and m-cresol biodegradation by an indigenous mixed microbial culture isolated from a sewage treatment plant,Journal of Environmental Sciences. 20, 1508–1513 (2008)@No $ @ @ Garrity G.M., Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology,part B 2nd Verlag, 2 (2005) @No $ @ @ Hank D., Saidani N., Namane A. and Hella A., Batch phenol biodegradation study and application of factorial experimental design, Journal of Engeneering Science and Tecnology Review, 3(1), 123-127 (2010)@No $ @ @ Indu C.N. and Shankar S., Microbial degradation of phenol by a species of Alcaligenes isolated from a tropical soil,Ipyhmoehabcmbo, 5(3-4), 47-51 (2004) @No $ @ @ Martin R.W., Rapid Colorimetric estimation of phenol,Analytical chemistry, 21(11), 1419-1420 (1949) @No <#LINE#>Influence of dye industrial effluent on physico chemical characteristics properties of soil at Bhairavgarh, Ujjain MP, India<#LINE#>MirTariq@Ahmad,Sushil@Manderia,Krishna@Manderia<#LINE#>50-53<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJEvsS-2012-021.pdf<#LINE#>S.S. in Environment Management, VIkram University, Ujjain MP, INDIA @ Department of Botany, PMB Gujarati Science College, Indore MP, INDIA <#LINE#>12rd/8/2012<#LINE#>16/8/2012<#LINE#> Soil degradation from various inorganic and organic contaminants, is not only an ecological risk, but simultaneously it is also a Socio-economic issue, such soils become poor in physicochemical properties, susceptible to erosion, loss of productivity, sustainability and diminished food chain quality. The dye industrial effluent directly used for irrigation at Bhairavgarh area Ujjain city. Soil samples were collected from both areas i.e. contaminated (irrigated with effluent water) and uncontaminated areas (not irrigated with effluent water) at 0-25cm depth for analysis. Three sites were selected in each area for collection of soil samples from ten different locations. Before irrigation waste water analysed for selected parameters i.e. pH, electric conductance, bicarbonate, chloride, Ca, Mg, Na and K ions while in soil samples various parameters analysed were pH, electric conductance, water holding capacity, bicarbonates, Ca, Mg, Na, K ions, total organic carbon and organic matter. Results indicate that water was alkaline in nature. Chloride was highest (700mg/l) in W1 samples and lowest (500mg/l) at W2 samples while other parameters also have great variability. Results of soil samples indicate its neutral to slight alkaline nature. Cation and anion concentration, organic carbon and organic matter were also shows a wide variation in contaminated soil samples as compared to uncontaminated samples. The study concluded that the continuous application of effluent appears to deteriorate soil quality in the area. <#LINE#> @ @ Chang W., Tran H., Park D., Zhang R. and Ahn D., Ammonium nitrogen removal characteristics of zeolite media in a Biological Aerated Filter (BAF) for the treatment of textile wastewater, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 15, 524-528 (2009) @No $ @ @ Rusan M., Hinnawi S. and Rousan L., Long term effect wastewater irrigation of forage crops on soil and plant quality parameters, Desalination, 215, 143-152 (2007) @No $ @ @ APHA. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, American Public Health Association,20thedn. DC, New York (1998) @No $ @ @ Adoni A. D., Work book of Limnology, Pratibha publication Sagar, M. P. India 1-213 (1985) @No $ @ @ Joshi N. and Kumar A., Physicochemical analysis of soil and industrial effluent of Sanganer region of Jaipur, Rajasthan. Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 2(2)354-356 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rana L., Dhankhar R. and Chhikara S., Soil characteristics affected by long term application of sewage wastewater, Int. J. Environ. Res., 4(3), 513-518 (2010) @No $ @ @ Akpoveta O.V., Osakwe S.A., Okoh B.E. and Otuya B.O., Physiochemical characteristics and levels of some heavy metals in soils around metal scrap dumps in some parts of delta state, Nigeria, J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Mangae.14(4), 57-60 (2010) @No $ @ @ Rai S., Chopra A.K., Pathak C., Sharma K.D., Sharma R. and Gupta M.P., Comparative study of some physicochemical parameters of soil irrigated with sewage water and canal water of Dehradun city, India, Archives of Applied Science Research. 3(2), 318 -325 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ishaya K.S., Maracus Danjuna N., Kukwi and Issac, J. The influence of waste water on soil chemical properties on irrigated fields in Kaduna South Township, North Central Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa.13(6), 91-101 (2011) @No $ @ @ Khai N.M., Tuan P.T., Vinh C.N. and Oborn I., Effects of using wastewater as nutrient sources on soil chemical properties in periurban agricultural systems, VNU Journal of Science, Earth Science, 24, 87 -95 (2008) @No $ @ @ Soffe R.E., In. The Agricultural Notebook, 19th Edition. Black well Science, Oxford,(1995) @No $ @ @ Mojiri A., Effects of Municipal waste water on physical and chemical properties of saline soil, J. Boil. Environ. Sci., 5(14), 71-76 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ross D.J., Tate K.R., Cairns A. and Pansier E., Effects of slaughterhouse effluent and water on biochemical properties of two seasonally dry soils under pasture, New Zealand Journal of Science,28, 72 -92 (1982) @No $ @ @ Baddesha H.S., Chabbra R. and Ghumam B.S., Change in Soil Chemical Properties and Plant Nutrient Content under Eucalyptus Irrigated with Sewage Water, Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science,45(2), 358–362 (1997) @No $ @ @ Swaminathan K. and Vaidheeswaran P. Effect of dyeing factory effluent on seed germination and seedling development of groundnut (Arachis hypogea). Journal of Environmental Biology, 12(3), 253-258 (1991) @No $ @ @ Reddy G.R. and Rao K.J., Impact of Sewage irrigation on macronutrient status of soil, In: Agricultural Abstract, (2003) @No $ @ @ Joshi Nidhi and Kumar Ashwini, Physico-chemical Analysis of Soil and Industrial Effluents of Sanganer Region of Jaipur Rajasthan, Research J of Agricultural Sciences, 2(2), 354-356 (2011) @No $ @ @ Joshi V.J. and Santani D.D. Physicochemical Characterization and Heavy Metal Concentration in Effluent of Textile Industry, Universal J of Environmental Research and Technology, 2(2), 93-96 (2012) @No @Review Paper <#LINE#>Biomass: Energy and Environmental Concerns in Developing Country<#LINE#>Anjum@Ansari<#LINE#>54-57<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJEvsS-2012-001.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemistry, BUIT, Barkatullah University, Bhopal- 462026, MP, INDIA <#LINE#>27/6/2012<#LINE#>11/7/2012<#LINE#> There is a realization on the need to search for decentralized and renewable energy-based options to meet the rural energy needs in a sustainable way. Among all the renewable energy sources, biomass is the largest, most diverse and readily exploitable resource. Biomass is generally and wrongly regarded as a low-status fuel and in many countries rarely finds its way into statistics. Bioenergy can be modernized through the application of advanced technology to convert raw biomass into modern, easy-to-use carriers. This could bring very significant social and economic benefits to both rural and urban areas. In developing countries biomass fuel is dominant energy source providing one third of their total energy demand. The fulfill of the demand of energy is only by the beneloped of biomass sources. The promotion of biomass energy in the country is being encouraged through favorable policy regimes. Biomass has been used for energy purposes ever since man discovered fire. Today, biomass fuels can be utilized for tasks ranging from heating the house to fuelling a car and running a computer. <#LINE#> @ @ www.indiaenergyportal.org, Accessed on 24, 2010 @No $ @ @ Ravindranath N.H. and Hall D.O., Biomass: Energy and Environment: A developing country perspective from India, Oxford University Press, (1995) @No $ @ @ Reddy A.K.N., Goals, Strategies and Policies for rural energy. 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FAO Forestry Paper No. 11, Food and Agricultural Organization, United Nations, Rome, (1979) @No $ @ @ Hillis W.E. and Brown A.G. (Eds), Eucalyptus for Wood Production. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization. East Melbourne and Academic Press, North Ryde NSW, Australia, (1984) @No $ @ @ Renewable Energy Report, Financial Times Energy, April (1999) @No $ @ @ Smith K.R., Biofuels, Air Pollution and Health: A GlobalReview (New York, Plenum Press, (1987) @No $ @ @ http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html (Biofuels: how to make your own clean-burning biofuel, biodiesel from cooking oil, fuel alcohol, renewable energy, glycerin, soap making. Accessed on (2010) @No $ @ @ http://www.biofueloasis.com/html/basics.html (BioFuel Oasis), Accessed on (2010) @No $ @ @ http://www.seps/zp/fond/direct/biomass.html (Biomass), Accessed on 25 July (2010) @No $ @ @ Dr. Atiqur Rahman, Non Conventional Energy Sources: An Appraisal of Policies, Goals and Achievements in India, AMU, India, (2010) @No $ @ @ Nimawat D.and Namdev V., An Overview of Green Supply Chain Management in India, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(6), 77-82 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mostafa M. R. and Maybelle S.G., Improving Barley Wild Yield Grown Under Water Stress Condition, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(6), 1-6 (2012) @No $ @ @ Pathak C., Mandalia H.C. and Rupala Y.M., Biofuels: Indian Energy Scenario, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(4), 88-90 (2012) @No $ @ @ Dhanalakshmi S.V. and Ramanujam R.A.,Biogas Generation in a Vegetable Waste Anaerobic Digester: An Analytical Approach, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(3), 41-47 (2012) @No $ @ @ Shrivastava N. and Lodhi S.S., Overview of Non-redundant Association Rule Mining, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(2), 108-112 (2012) @No