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Chikungunya is Declining in West Bengal, India- A Retrospective study (2010-2014)

Author Affiliations

  • 1Tanuja Khatun- ICMR virus Unit Kolkata-700 010, West Bengal, India
  • 2Anindya Sundar Panja-Vidyasagar University, West Bengal, India
  • 3Rajendra Prasad Chatterjee- ICMR virus Unit Kolkata-700 010, West Bengal, India
  • 4Shyamalendu Chatterjee- ICMR virus Unit Kolkata-700 010, West Bengal, India

Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., Volume 5, Issue (7), Pages 60-67, July,10 (2016)

Abstract

Re-emergence of Chikungunya virus in West Bengal was detected almost after 40 years when an outbreak of fever occurred in Baduria village (West Bengal, India) in October 2006. After its re-emergence, Chikungunya virus infection/Chikungunya fever unexpectedly spread in the form of devastating epidemics all over the West Bengal which was associated with high fever, crippling joint pain and debilitating arthritic by joint pain that may last for a long time after resolution of infection. Blood samples from clinically Chikungunya suspected cases are routinely referred to the ICMR Virus Unit Kolkata for the diagnosis of Chikungunya infection as it is an Apex Referral Laboratory of National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme {NVBDCP}, Delhi for the detection of Chikungunya in the Eastern part of India. Here we report the activity of Chikungunya from the year 2010-2014. During this period a total of 3573 samples were received from different medical colleges and hospitals of West Bengal. Based on serological study, only 934 (26.14%) samples were positive to Chikungunya IgM antibody by ELISA method. Rest of the 2639 samples were screened and only 755 Chikungunya IgM negative acute samples having ≤ 4days of illness were subjected to RNA extraction, RT-PCR test followed by gel electrophoresis for molecular detection. Only 83 samples (10.71%) produced prominent band at par with the control strain, i.e; 354bp. In the years 2014, RT-PCR test could not detect the Chikungunya specific RNA. Slightly higher percentile positivity was observed amongst the females than males. All most all the age groups were affected. Age group specific attack rate was variable. Even then, highest attack rate was observed in the adult age group, mainly 31-40 followed by age group of 21-30, 41-50, 51+, 11- 20 and 0-10 in the every year. It was observed that incidence of Chikungunya infection were much less than it was observed since its re emergence. This study established that the activity of Chikungunya virus in West Benga is in a declining phase.

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