International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Masculine and Feminine Patterns in Electrocardiogram: Sensitivity and Specificity of an Electrocardiographic Score for Sex Verification among Young Adult Nigerians

    , , ,

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Physiological Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, NIGERIA
  • 2 Department of Haematology and Immunology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, NIGERIA
  • 3Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, NIGERIA
  • 4Department of Medical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, NIGERIA

Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., Volume 4, Issue (12), Pages 9-13, December,10 (2015)

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of an electrocardiographic scoring system for sex verification in young adults. Four hundred and seventy four (474) healthy young adults (294 males,180 females). The mean (±SD) age, height, weight and body mass index of the participants were 23.85 ± 4.66years, 1.68 ± 0.83m, 66.3 ± 9.05kg and 21.82±2.80 respectively. A technician documented the sex of the participants and had their resting standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) recorded according to standard protocol. A cardiologist who was blinded to the sex of the participant utilized Ogunlade Sex Determination Electrocardiographic Score (OSDES) to determine the sex of participants. Females and males were identified by OSDES < 7 and >= 7 respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of OSDES was estimated for both sexes. Among the male population, true positives (TP), false positives (FP), false negatives (FN) and true negatives (TN) were 288, 6, 6 and 174 respectively. Among the females TP, FP, FN and TN were 174, 6, 6 and 288 respectively. Among males, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 97.96%, 96.67%, 97.96% and 96.67% respectively while among the females, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 96.67%, 97.96%, 96.67% and 97.96% respectively. This study concluded that the sensitivity and specificity of electrocardiogram in sex verification among young adults were high and that an individual’s sex can be verified using a biological signal such as electrocardiogram. Moreover, delineation of ECG into masculine and feminine patterns using the electrocardiographic score is an advancement with great clinical potentials in the area of ECG interpretation.

References

  1. Fisch C., Centennial of the string galvanometer and the electrocardiogram, J Am Coll Cardiol., 36,1737-1745 (2000)
  2. Frye W.B., A history of the origin, evolution and impact of electrocardiography, J Am Coll Cardiol.,76, 641 (1995)
  3. Kligfield P., The Centennial of the Einthoven electrocardiogram, J Electrocardiol., 35, 123-129 (2002)
  4. Ogunlade O., Ayoka A.O., Akintomide A.O., Ajayi O.E., Ukponmwan O.E. and Ogunlade O.B., Gender differences in electrocardiogram of young adults in South-Western Nigeria, Eur J Sci Res., 81, 26-32 (2012)
  5. Okin P.M., Roman M.J., Devereux R.B. and Kligfied P., Gender differences and the electrocardiogram in the left ventricular hypertrophy, Hypertension, 25, 242-249 (1995)
  6. Igbinedion B.O. and Akhigbe T.O., The accuracy of 2D ultrasound prenatal sex determination, Niger Med J., 53, 71-75 (2012)
  7. Ingerslev C.H. and Solow B., Sex differences in craniofacial morphology, Acta Odontol Scand., 33(2),85-94 (1975)
  8. Mathur R.U., Mahajan A.M., Dandekar R.C. and Patil R.B., Determination of Sex using Discriminant Function Analysis in Young Adults of Nashik: A Lateral Cephalometric Study, J Adv Med Dent Scie., 2(1), 21-25 (2014)
  9. Ogunlade O. and Asafa M.A., The basis and potentials of Ogunlade Sex Determination Electrocardiographic Score (OSDES) in young adults, Clin Med Res, 4(2), 58-62 (2015)
  10. Einthoven W. Le telecardiogramme, Arch Int de Physiol, 14, 132-164 (1906)
  11. Mirvis D.M. and Goldberger A.L., Electrocardiography, In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Braunwald, (eds). Braunwald’s heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine, 8th Ed., Saunders Elsevier, 149-193 (2008)
  12. Silverman M.E., Upshaw C.B. and Lange H.W, Woldermar Mobitz and His 1924 classification of second degree atrioventricular block, Circulation, 110, 1162-1167 (2004)
  13. Surawicz B. and Parikh S.R., Prevalence of male and female pattern of early repolarization in the normal ECG of males and females from childhood to old age, J Am Coll Cardiol, 40(10), 1870-1876 (2002)
  14. Scherptong R.W., Henkens I.R., Man S.C., Cessie S.L., Vliegen H.W., Maan A.C., Schalij M.J. and Swenne C.A., Interpretation of spatial QRS-T angle: Normal limits in healthy subjects and implications for risk stratification, Circulation, 118, 986 (2008)
  15. Asif I.M. and Prutkin J.M., Modern standards of ECG interpretation in young athletes: Yield and effectiveness, J Electrocardiol, 48, 292-297 (2015)
  16. Migliore F., Zorzi A., Michieli P., Marra M.P., Siciliano M., Rigato I., Bauce B., Basso C., Toazza D., Schiavon M., Iliceto S., Thiene G. and Corrado D., Prevalence of cardiomyopathy in Italian asymptomatic children with electrocardiographic T-wave inversion at preparticipation screening, Circulation, 125, 529-538 (2012)