International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

The Development of Ophthalmic Apparatus of Malpolon Monsspesullanus (Squamata-Serpentes) in Postovopositional Stages

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, EGYPT

Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., Volume 4, Issue (11), Pages 43-54, November,10 (2014)

Abstract

The present investigation aimed to give a special attention on an ophthalmic apparatus development of a species of mildly venomous rear-fanded Colubrids snake; the Montpellier snake. The development of the eye was studied in different developmental stages; 1cm; 1.2cm, 1.5cm, 1.9cm, 4cm, 5.0cm, 5.5cm, 6.5cm, 7cm and 8cm total body length. The eye starts its growth as a bilateral evagination from the floor of the diencephalon. Latter, this evagination will form the different components of the eye (retina, iris, ciliary proceses, conus papillaris, lens, cornea, choroid, and sclera). Moreover, the innervations of ophthalmic apparatus appear in the early stage of development as an optic stalk and the latter develops until reach the fully formed optic nerve.

References

  1. Ford N.B. and Burghardt G.M., Perceptual mechanisms and the behavioral ecology of snakes, 117-164, In: R. A. Seigel and J. T. Collins (eds.), Snakes: Ecology and behavior. McGraw-Hill, New York (1993)
  2. Zug G.R., Vitt L.J. and Caldwell J.P., Herpetology, An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles, San Diego: Academic Press (2001)
  3. Werner Y., The ontogenic development of the vertebrae in some Gekkonoid lizards, J. Morph, 133(1), 41-91 (1971)
  4. Guerra-Fuentes R.A., Daza J.D. and Bauer A.M., The embryology of the retinal pigmented epithelium in dwarf geckos (Gekkota: Sphaerodactylinae): a unique developmental pattern, BMC Developmental Biology, 14, 29 (2014)
  5. Lauridsen H., Da Silva M.O., Hansen K., Jensen H.M., Warming M., Tobias Wang T. and Pedersen M., Ultrasound imaging of the anterior section of the eye of five different snake species, BMC Veterinary Research, 10, 313 (2014)
  6. Foureaux G., Egami M.I., Jared C., Antoniazzi M.M., Gutierre R.C. and Smith R.L., Rudimentary eyes of squamate fossorial reptiles (Amphisbaenia and Serpentes), Anat Rec., 293, 351–357 (2010)
  7. Pchelyakov V.F., Structural peculiarities of the cornea of the reptilian eye, Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology, 11(4), 367-370 (1979)
  8. Bellonci J., Uber die central Endigung des Nervus opticus bei den Vertebraten, Z. wiss. Zool., 47, 1-46 (1888)
  9. Sillman A.J., Carver J.K. and Loew E.R., the photoreceptors and visual pigment in the retina of a boid snake, the ball python (Python regius), The Journal of Experimental Biology, 202, 1931–1938 (1999)
  10. Underwood G., The eye, In GANS, C. Biology of the reptilia. London: Academic Press, 1-98 (1970)
  11. Hibbard E. and Lavergne J., Morphology of the retina of the sea-snake, Pelamis platurus, Journal of Anatomy, 112(Pt 1), 125-36 (1972)
  12. Da Silva M.O., Bertelsen M.F., Wang T., Prause J.U., Svahn T. and Heegaard S., Comparative morphology of the snake spectacle using light and transmission electron microscopy, Veterinary Ophthalmology,1–6 (2015)
  13. Bernhard G.C., Animal Life Encyclopedia, New York: Van Nostrand Company, (1971)
  14. Booth D.T., Influence of incubation temperature on hatchling phenotype in reptiles, Physiol Biochem Zool., 79, 274–281 (2006)
  15. Kwan K.M., Otsuna H., Kidokoro H., Carney K.R., Saijoh Y., Chien C.B., A complex choreography of cell movements shapes the vertebrate eye, Development, 139(2), 359-372 (2010)
  16. McEwen R., Vertebrate Embryology, 4th edition, Oxford IBH Publishing Co., (1949)
  17. Moustafa Z. A. K., Comparative studies on the development of the brain and special sense organs among certain species of teleost fishes living in different habitats, Ph. D., Thesis, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Egypt, (1991)
  18. Fishelson L. and Baranes A., Ocular development in the Oman shark, Lago omanensis (Triakidae), Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, Anat. Rec., 256, 389-402 (1999)
  19. Pei Y.F. and Rhodin J. A. G., The prenatal development of the mouse eye, Anat. Rec., 168, 105-126 (1970)
  20. Young R. W., Cell differentiation in the retina of the mouse, Anat. Rec., 212, 199-205 (1985)
  21. Kalthoff K., Analysis of Biological Development 2nd edition, McGraw-Hill Co., USA, (2001)
  22. Dudek R.W., High-Yield Embryology, Second edition. Lippincott Williams and Wikins, (2001)
  23. Armstrong J.A., An experimental study of the visual pathway in a snake (Natrix natrix), Journal of Anatomy, 85 (3), 275-288(1951)
  24. Grant P., Rubin E. and Cima C., Ontogeny of the retina and optic nerve in Xenopus laevis.I. Stages in the early development of the retina, J.comp.Neurol., 189,593-613 (1980)
  25. Wong R. O. L. and Godinho L., Development of the Vertebrate Retina, Developmental process, 77-93(2006)
  26. Cans C., Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 2: Morphology B (Coeditor: Thomas S. Parsons), London and New York: Academic Press, (1970)
  27. Baker C. V. H. and Bronner-Fraser M., Review. Vertebrate cranial placodes. l. Embryonic induction, Developm. Biology, 232, 1-61 (2001)
  28. Streit A., Early development of the cranial sensory nervous system: from a common field to individual placodes, Dev. Biol., 276, 1-15 (2004)
  29. Nordmann J., A propos de I'histogènèse de La cristallöide, Arch. Anat. Histol. Embryol., 25, 173-182; In: Biologie du cristallin (Masson, Paris 1954)(1938)
  30. Wai S.M., Li W.Y., Chan W.Y., Sha O. and Yew D.T., The iridopupillary membrane (or papillary memberane) in human development, Neuroembryology, 1, 44-46(2002)