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Seasonal occurence of Fungal Diversity in Castor Plant (Ricinus communis L.): The Primary Food Plant of Eri Silkworm [Samia ricini (Denovan)]

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Author Affiliations

  • 1Central Muga Eri Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Lahdoigarh, Jorhat-785700, Assam, INDIA

Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., Volume 3, Issue (8), Pages 33-39, August,10 (2014)

Abstract

Ricinus communis L. is a primary food plant of eri silkworm [Samia ricini (Danovan)], a domesticated polyphagous multivoltine lepidopteran insect which is responsible for producing sericin. It is also a non-edible oilseed crop plant with unique oil compositions for the chemical industry as well as an important source of income for the people of North East India. Fungal diversity of castor was studied from the infected tender and mature leaves during two seasons i.e. summer (March-June) and winter (November-February) along with the meteorological parameters. A total of 11 fungal species were isolated during the seasons. The present investigation showed that 8 species of fungi viz., Alternaria ricini, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cercospora ricinela, Curvularia clavata, Fusarium sp. were dominant during the summer and 3 fungal species viz., Emericella nidulans, Leveillula taurica, Melampsora ricini were restricted to the winter season only. Maximum numbers of fungal species were isolated during the summer season as compared to winter season. Positive correlation is observed between the temperature and fungal colony in summer and rainfall and fungal colony in winter season. Whereas, negative correlation is observed between relative humidity and assemblage of fungal colonies and temperature and fungal colonies in winter season and rainfall and fungal colonies in summer seasons. A. ricini, Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp. and C. ricinela were found to be most abundant species during all the seasons. Among these fungal species some are infectious towards the castor leaf which may lower the quality and quantity of the leave production as well as growth and development of the plant.

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