International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Concerted Effect of Increasing Temperature and Persistent Sub-Lethal Chlorine Concentration on the Gills of Labeo rohita (Hamilton) Fingerlings

    , , ,

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
  • 2Division of Fish Nutrition and Biochemistry, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-400061, Maharashtra, INDIA

Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., Volume 3, Issue (8), Pages 16-21, August,10 (2014)

Abstract

Thermal effluents discharged from nuclear power plants are the source of stress factors such as elevated temperature and chlorine to aquatic organisms. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out to assess morphological changes in the gill tissue of a freshwater fish Labeo rohita on exposure to increasing temperatures and sub-lethal concentration of chlorine. Fishes were segregated in to two different groups (control and experimental) and acclimated to four different temperatures (26, 31, 33 and 36°C) for 30 days. Then, the fishes in the experimental groups were subjected to 0.1 mg L-1 of chlorine, besides temperature treatments. At the end of 15 and 30 days of acclimation period gill tissue was examined for histopathological changes. Normal gill structure was observed in control group at 26, 31 and 33°C. However at 36°C marked histological alterations were noticed in the tissue. In the chlorine treated experimental groups discernible changes in the gills such as atrophic changes in primary and secondary gill lamellae, complete loss of secondary gill filaments, interlamellar infiltration of leucocytes, complete disintegration of secondary lamellae and clubbing of primary lamellae were observed. The results of the present study established that, elevated temperature affected the cellular integrity of the gills and the combined effect of increasing temperatures and chlorine further augmented the histological damage in the gill tissue of L.rohita.

References

  1. Brett J. R., Some principles in the thermal requirements of fishes, Q. Rev. Biol., 31, 75–88 (1956)
  2. Myrick C. A. and Cech JR, J. J., Swimming performance of four California stream fishes: temperature effects, Environ. Biol. Fish., 58, 289-295 (2000)
  3. Lass S. and Spaak P. Temperature effects on chemical signaling in predator prey systems, Freshw. Biol., 48, 669-677 (2003)
  4. Morgan I. J., McDonald D. G. and Wood C. M, The cost of living for freshwater fish in a warmer, more polluted world, Global Change Biol.,, 345-355 (2001)
  5. Tyedmers P. and Ward B., A review of the impacts of climate changes on BC’s freshwater fish resources and possible management responses, Fish. Res. Rep., 9(7), 1-12 (2001)
  6. Encina L., Rodrguez-Ruiz A., and Granado-Lorencio C., Distribution of common carp in a Spanish reservoir in relation to thermal loading from a nuclear power plant, J. Therm. Biol.,33, 444-450 (2008)
  7. Emmanuel E., Keck G., Blanchard J.M., Vermande P. and Perrodin Y. Toxicological effects of disinfections using sodium hypochlorite on aquatic organisms and its contribution to AOX formation in hospital wastewater, Environ. Int., 30, 891-900 (2004)
  8. Jolley R.L. and Carpenter J.H., A review of the chemistry and environmental fate of reactive oxidant species in chlorinated water, In: Jolley R.L. et al. (Eds.), Water Chlorination: Environmental Impact and Health Effects, Vol. 4. Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, Flichigan, p. 3 (1981)
  9. Cairns J., Heath A.G. and Parker B.C., The effects of temperature upon the toxicity of chemicals to aquatic organisms, Hydrobiolgia, 47, 135-171 (1975)
  10. Prerana B.T. and Vijay N.C., Physicochemical study of Kanhan River water receiving fly ash disposal waste water of Khaperkheda thermal power station, India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 2(9), 10-15 (2013)
  11. Shamshad A., Fulekar M.H. and Bhawana P., Impact of coal based thermal power plant on environment and its mitigation measure, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,1(4), 60-64 (2012)
  12. Selvin J.P., Ananthan G. and Sudhakar M., Studies on the effect of coolant water effluent of Tuticorin Thermal Power Station on hydrobiological characteristics of Tuticorin Coastal waters, South East coast of India, Curr. Res. J. Biol. Sci.,2(2), 118-123 (2010)
  13. Chen C.Y., Shao K.T. and Tu Y.Y., Effects of thermal discharges on fish assemblages of a nuclear power plant in northern Taiwan, J. Mar. Sci. Technol.,12(5)404 – 410 (2004)
  14. Teixeira T.P., Neves L.M. and Araujo F.G., Effects of a nuclear power plant thermal discharge on habitat complexity and fish community structure in Ilha Grande Bay, Brazil. Mar. Environ. Res.,68(4), 188-195 (2009)
  15. Jacobs D., Esmond E. F., Melisky E. L. and Hocutt C. H., Morphological changes in gill epithelia of heat-stressed rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri: Evidence in support of a temperature induced surface area change hypothesis, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.,38, 16–22 (1981)
  16. Webb M.A.H., Van Eeneennam J.P., Doroshov S.I. and Moberg G.P., Preliminary observations on the effects of holding temperature on reproductive performance of female white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanusRichardson, Aquaculture, 176, 315-329 (1999)
  17. Webb M.A.H., Van Eeneennam J.P., Feist G.W., Linares-Casenave J. and Doroshov S.I., Effects of thermal regime on ovarian maturation and plasma sex steroids in farmed white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus,Aquaculture, 201, 137-151 (2001)
  18. Casenave J.L., Eenennaam J.P.V. and Doroshov S.I., Ultrastructural and histological observations on temperature-induced follicular ovarian atresia in the white sturgeon, J. Appl. Ichthyol., 18, 382-390 (2002)
  19. Middaugh D.P., Burnett L.E. and Couch J.A., Toxicological and physiological responses of the fish, Leiostomus xanthurus, exposed to chlorine produced oxidants, Estuaries, 3(2), 132-141, (1980)
  20. Grizzle J.M., Horowitz S.A. and Strength D.R., Caged fish as monitors of pollution: effects of chlorinated effluent from a wastewater treatment plant, J. Am. Water Resources Assoc., 24(5), 951-959 (1988)
  21. Powell M.D. and Clark G.A., Efficacy and toxicity of oxidative disinfectants for the removal of gill amoebae from the gills of amoebic gill disease affected Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in freshwater, Aquaculture Res.,35, 112-123 (2004)
  22. Dash G., Yonzone P., Chanda M. and Paul M, Histopathological changes in Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings to various acclimation temperatures, Chron. Young Sci., 2(1), 29-36 (2011)
  23. Das T., Pal A.K., Chakraborty S.K., Manush S.M., Chatterjee N. and Mukherjee S.C., Thermal tolerance and oxygen consumption of Indian Major Carps acclimated to four temperatures, J. Therm. Biol., 29, 157-163 (2004)
  24. Ay O., Kalay M., Tamer L. and Canli M., Copper and lead accumulation in tissues of a freshwater fish Tilapia zillii and its effects on the branchial Na,K-ATPase activity, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 62, 160-168 (1999)
  25. Alazemi B.M., Lewis J.W. and Andrews, E.B., Gill damage in the freshwater fish Gnthonemus ptersii (family: Mormyridae) exposed to selected pollutants: An ultrastructure study, Environ. Technol., 17, 225-238 (1996)
  26. Das T., Biochemical and molecular characterization of Indian major carps in relation to thermal tolerance, Ph.D. Thesis, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal, India (2004)
  27. Manush S.M., Pal A.K. Das T., Chatterjee N., Sarma K. and Mukherjee S.C., Ultrastructural alterations in the gills of Macrobrachium rosenbergii acclimated to three temperatures, Asian. J. Cell Biol., 2(1), 1-10 (2007)
  28. Laurent P. and Perry S. F., Environmental effects on fish gill morphology, Physiol. Zool.,4(1), 4-25 (1991)
  29. Abel P.D., Toxic action of several lethal concentrations of an anionic detergent on the gills of the brown trout Salmo trutta L.), J. Fish. Biol., 9, 441-446 (1976)
  30. Tamse C.T., Gacutan R.Q. and Tamse A.F., Changes induced in the gills of Milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsskal) fingerlings after acute exposure to Nifurpirinol (Furanace; P-7138) , Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 54, 591- 596 (1995)
  31. Neskovic N.K., Poleksic V., Elezovic I., Karan V. and Budimir M., Biochemical and histopathological effects of glyphosate on carp Cyprinus carpio L. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 56, 295-302 (1996)
  32. Munro A.L.S. and Roberts R.J., In: Fish Pathology, Harcourt Publishers Ltd., pp. 1-11 (2001)