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Histopathology and Morphometry of Brain and Seminiferous Tubules of Male Albino Mice (Mus musculus) Treated with Female Hormonal Contraceptive Pills

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Naturals Sciences, Institute of Arts and Sciences, Pampanga State Agricultural University, Magalang, Pampanga, PHILIPPINES

Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., Volume 3, Issue (6), Pages 83-89, June,10 (2014)

Abstract

Female hormonal contraceptive pills (Ethinyl estradiol levonorgestrel) are used to prevent pregnancy in women. However, it is also being used by the male homosexuals for them to develop female secondary sexual characteristics. There is a paucity of studies in the effect of female birth control pills on the histology and morphometry of their brain and testes, as well as on their behavior and physical changes, thus, this study was undertaken to determine the effects of these pills on male albino mice (Mus musculus, L.). As regards behavior and physical changes in male mice, restlessness, irritability, hair loss in their body and increased body weight were observed in mice treated with the contraceptive pills. However, mice with over dosed pills exhibited slow growth and development. Histological alterations in brain of male albino mouse were observed, such as increase in microscopic holes, vacuolated neurons, necrosis, increase incidence of shrunken eosinophilic neurons with either pyknotic or karyorrhectic nuclei, number of neuron swelling and vacuolation and gradual decrease in the number of healthy neurons as the dose of pills increased. Likewise, histological changes in testicular tissue were also observed such as decrease in the normal architecture and abnormal distance of seminiferous tubules, a number of large spermatogonia, increase in number of necrotic cells, disintegration and atrophy of seminiferous tubules with widening of lumen and reduction of germ cell and somatic cell population, hyperplasia, and increase in the diameter of lumen. Cell counts in selected seminiferous tubules also decreased, such as, in the number of spermatocytes, spermatids and sertoli cells, however, there is no significant difference among the treatment groups with respect to the number of spermatogonia. An incidence of necrosis or cell death in the seminiferous tubules increased as the dose of pills increased, however, there is a decreased in length and diameter of seminiferous tubules as the dosage of pills increased. The study will provide information on the male communities with regards the effects of contraceptive pills on the brain and testis of an individual.

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