International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay of the Ethanolic Extracts of Three Selected Species of Medicinal Plants from Iligan City, Philippines

Author Affiliations

  • 1Dept. of Biological Sci, College of Sci. and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, PHILIPPINES

Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., Volume 2, Issue (11), Pages 74-77, November,10 (2013)

Abstract

The present study was conducted to test for in vivo Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA) of the ethanolic extracts of Lantana camara, Chromolaena odorata, and Euphorbia hirta and correlate cytotoxicity results with known pharmacological activities of the plants. Novel cytotoxic, antitumor, and pesticidal compounds can be isolated from potential plant sources through the assessment of cytotoxic activity against brine shrimps. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in terms of LC50 (lethality concentration). Ten nauplii were added into three replicates of each concentration of the plant extract. After 24 hours the surviving brine shrimp larvae were counted and LC50 was assessed. Results showed that the extracts of L. camara, C. odorata, and E. hirta were potent against the brine shrimp with LC50 values of 55, 10, and 100 ppm (g/mL), respectively. It indicated that bioactive components are present in these plants that could be accounted for its pharmacological effects. Thus, the results support the uses of these plant species in traditional medicine.

References

  1. Okigbo R.N. and Ramesh P., Effects of plants and medicinal plant combinations as anti-infectives, African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2(7), 130-135 (2008)
  2. Nwachukwu C.U., Ume N.C., Obusi M.N., Nzewuihe G.U. and Onyirioha C.U., The qualitative uses of some medicinal plants in Ikeduru L.G.A. of Imo State, Nigeria, New York Science Journal, 3(11), 129-134 (2010)
  3. Sasidharan S., Badakhshan M.P., Rameshwar N.J. and Ramanathan S., Comparative study: antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts of Lantana camara various parts, Pharmacogn Res, 348-351 (2009)
  4. Sankaran K.V., Lantana camara, Asia-Pacific Forest Invasive Species Network (APFISN), India (2012)
  5. Chakraborty A.K., Rambhade S. and Patil U.K., Chromolaena odorata (L.): An overview, Journal of Pharmacy Research, 4(3), 573-576 (2011)
  6. Stuart G. and Santiago A.S., List of Philippine herbal medicinal plants, www.stuartxchange.org (2012)
  7. Konan N.A., Bacchi E.M., Lincopan N., Varela S.D. and Varanda E.A., Acute, sub acute toxicity and genotoxic effect of a hydroethanolic extract of the cashew Anacardium occidentale L.), J Ethnopharmacol, 110, 30–38 (2007)
  8. Pisutthanan S., Plianbangchang P., Pisutthanan N, Ruanruay S, and Muanrit O., Brine shrimp lethality activity of Thai medicinal plants in the family Meliaceae, Naresuan University Journal, 12(2), 13-18 (2004)
  9. Meyer B.N., Ferrigni N.R., Putnam J.E., Jacobsen L.B., Nichols D.E., and McLaughlin J.L., Brine shrimp: A convenient general bioassay for active plant constituents, Plant Med, 45, 31-34 (1982)
  10. McLaughlin J.L., Chang C.J., and Smith D.L., Benchtop bioassays the discovery of bioactive natural products: an update, Nat Prod Chem, 383-397 (1991)
  11. Sam T.W., Toxicity testing using the brine shrimp Artemia salina in: Bioactive natural products detection, isolation, and structural determination, CRC Press, Boca Raton: FL., 442-456 (1993)
  12. Ramachandran S., Vamsikrishna M., Gowthami K.V., Heera B., and Dhanaraju M.D., Assessment of cytotoxic activity of Agave cantula using brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality bioassay, Asian Journal of Scientific Research, 90-94 (2010)
  13. Mclaughlin J.L., and Rogers L.L., The use of biological assays to evaluate botanicals, Drug Information Journal, 32, 513–524 (1998)
  14. Gupta M.P., Monge A., Karitas G., Lopez de Cerain A., Solis P.N., Leon E., de Trujillo M., Surez O., Wilson F., Montenegro G., Noriega Y., Santana A.I., Correa M., and Sanchez C., Screening of Panamanian medicinal plants for brine shrimp toxicity, crown gall tumor inhibition, cytotoxicity and DNA interaction, Int. J. Pharmacol, 34, 123-127 (1996)
  15. Vital P.G. and Rivera W.L., Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of Chromolaena odorata (L. f) King and Robinson and Uncaria perrottetii (A. Rich) Merr. Extracts, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 3(7), 511-518 (2009)
  16. Fatope M.O., Salihu L., Asante S.K., and Takeda Y., Larvicidal activity of extracts and triterpenoids from Lantana camara, Pharmaceutical Biology, 40(8), 564-567 (2002)
  17. Zani C.L., Alves T.A., Silva A.F., Brandão M., Grandi T.M., Smânia E.A., and Smânia A. Jr., Biological screening of Brazilian medicinal plants, Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz: Rio de Janeiro, 95(3), 367-373 (2000)
  18. Mahato S.B., Sahu N.P., Roy S.K., and Sharma O.P., Potential antitumor agents from Lantana camara: structures of flavonois and phenylpropanois glycosides, Tetrahedron, 50, 9439-9446 (1994)
  19. Ross S.A., El-Keltawi N.E., and Megalla S.E., Antimicrobial activity of some Egyptian aromatic plants, Fitoterapia51, 201-205 (1980)
  20. Medeiros L.B.P., Rock M.S., Lima S.G., de Sousa Júnior G.R., das G. L. Citó A.M., da Silva D, Lopes J.A.D., Moura D.J., SAFFI J., Mobin M., and Coast J.G.M., Chemical constituents and evaluation of antifungal and cytotoxic activity of Lantana camara L. essential oils, Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy, 22, 1259-1267 (2012)
  21. Dibua U.E., Odo G.E., Udengwu S., and Esimone C., Cytotoxicity and antitubercular activity of Allium sativumand Lantana camara against mycobacterial isolates from people living with HIV/AIDS, The Internet Journal of Infectious Diseases, 8(1), 1-12 (2010)
  22. Knekt P., Jarvinen R., and Reunanen A., Flavonoid intake and coronary mortality in Finland: a cohort study, Biomed. , 312, 478-481 (1996)
  23. Hertog M.G.L., Feskens E.J.M. and Holman D.C.H., Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease, The Zutphen Ederly Study, Lancet, 342, 1007-1011 (1993)
  24. Patil S.B. and Magdum C.S., Determination of LC50 Values of Extracts of Euphorbia hirta Linn and Euphorbia nerifolia Linn Using Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay, Asian J. Res. Pharm. Sci., 1(3), 69-70 (2011)
  25. Patil S.B. and Magdum C.S., Brine shrimp lethality activity of Euphorbia hirta Linn, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(3), 347-348 (2012)
  26. Amutha S., Rajeh M.B., Zuraini Z., Sasidharan S., and Latha L.Y., Assessment of Euphorbia hirta L. leaf, flower, stem and root extracts for their antibacterial and antifungal activity and brine shrimp lethality, Molecules, 6008-6018 (2010)