International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Characterization of Black Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica L) and Oil and Quantification of β-sitosterol

Author Affiliations

  • 1 Facultad de Ingeniería Química de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, MÉXICO
  • 2 Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas del Instituto de Ciencias de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, MÉXICO
  • 3 Universidad Politécnica de Puebla, MÉXICO

Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., Volume 2, Issue (1), Pages 70-72, January,10 (2013)

Abstract

The importance of corn, bean, amaranth and black chia seed in the Aztec’s diet is well documented in the historical Florentine Codex. Black chia seed is a good source of omega-3 fatty acid, dietary fiber, proteins, as well as diverse bioelements and antioxidants. The proximal chemical analysis obtained from black chia seed shows 5.15% of moisture, 34.70% of fats, 4.10% of ashes, 17.90% of protein, 40.25% carbohydrates and 17.30% of raw fiber. The extraction technique permitted to obtain a 29% of oil with an iodine value of 197.68 cg/g, peroxides of 2.67 meq/Kg, a refraction index of 1.46 and a density of 0.89 g/mL. The oil’s FTIR spectrum showed a peak at 3010.03 cm-1characteristic of a =CH stretching mode. Also, the profile of fatty acids performed by, CG-MS, provides evidence of the presence of the (Z.Z.Z) 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (-linolenic acid, omega-3), -tocopherol as well as phytosterols: campesterol, stigmasterol and sitosterol. The latter was quantified obtaining a concentration of 1224.3 mg/L.

References

  1. Harvey H.R., Land politics in the valley of Mexico: a two thousand year perspective, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque (1991)
  2. Cahill J.P., Ethnobotany of chia, Salvia hispanica L. (Lamiaceae), Economic Botany, 57(4), 604-618 (2003)
  3. Ayerza R., The Seed´s Protein and Oil Content, Fatty Acid Composition, and Growing Cycle Length of a Single Genotype of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) as Affected by Environmental Factors, J. Oleo Sci.,58(7), 347-354 (2009)
  4. Ayerza R., Oil content and fatty acid composition of chia (Salvia hispanica L) from five northwestern locations in Argentina, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 72(9), 1079-1081. DOI: 10.1007/BF02660727 (1995)
  5. Umhau J.C. and Dauphinais K.M., Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Health,Low-Cost Approaches to Promote Physical and Mental Health2, 87-101, DOI: 10.1007/0-387-36899-X_4. (2007)
  6. Ayerza R. and Coates W., Dietary Levels of Chia: Influence on Yolk Cholesterol, Lipid Content and Fatty Acid Composition for Two Strains of Hens, Poult. Sci., 130(5), 724- 739 (2000)
  7. Vuksan V., Whitham D., Sievenpiper J.L., Jenkins A.L., Rogovik A.L., Bazinet R.P., Vidgen E. and Hanna A.,Supplementation of Conventional Therapy with the Novel Grain Salba (Salvia hispanicaL.) Improves Major and Emerging Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, 30(11), 2804 -2810 (2007)
  8. Awad A.B. and Fink C.S., Phytosterols as anticancer dietary components: evidence and mechanism of action, J. Nutr., 130(9), 2127-2130 (2000)
  9. Alpers D.H., Stenson W.F., Taylor B.E. and Bier D.M. Manual of nutritional therapeutics(5thEd.), Philadelphia, PA USA: Lippincot Williams & Wilkins (2008)
  10. Ratner R. and Ortíz M., Fitoesteroles: Una alternativa natural al tratamiento de la hipercolesterolemia, Revista Obesidad, 5(1), 24-29 (2008)
  11. Bovic P.J., The role of phytosterols and phytosterolins in immune modulation: a review of the past 10 years, Curr. Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 4(6), 471-475 (2001)
  12. Jayaras A., Tovey Fl. and Hobsley M., Duodenal Ulcer prevalence: research into the nature of possible protective dietary lipids, Phytother. Res., 17(4), 391-398 (2003)
  13. Wang T., Hicks K.B. and Moreno R., Antioxidant activity of phytosterols, oryzanol, and other phytosterol conjugates, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 79(12), 1201-1206 (2002)
  14. Smania E.F., Delle Monache F. and Smania A., Antifungal activity of sterols and triterpenes isolated fron Ganoderma annulare, Fitoteraphy, 74(4), 335-377 (2003)
  15. Dreikorn K., Phytotherapeutic Agents in the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, Curr. Urol. Rep., 1(2), 103–109 (2000)
  16. Fierro A., Vásquez Y., Reyes P. and Boza S., Determinación Cuantitativa del -Sitosterol presente en vegetales de la dieta, Posibles implicaciones para su uso preventivo en poblaciones susceptibles, Clínica Ciencia, 02(02), 43-48 (2004)
  17. A.O.A.C. Official methods of analysis. 14th. Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists.Washington. USA. p. 7-16. (1984)
  18. American Oil Chemists´ Society. Peroxide Value, Acetic Acid-Chloroform Method Cd 8-53. Urbana, IL USA. (2006)
  19. American Oil Chemists´ Society. Iodine Value (Wijs) Cd 1-25. Urbana, IL USA. (2006)
  20. Ciau S., Rosado G., Acereto P., Chel G. and Bentacur D., Propiedades fisicoquímicas y composición de ácidos grasos del aceite de chía (salvia hispánica L), Industria Alimentaria, 32-36 (2009)
  21. Hesse M., Meier H., Zeeh B., Métodos Espectroscópicos en Química Orgánica, 2da Ed., Sintesís, España (1999)
  22. Skoog D.A., Holler F.J., Nieman T.A., Principios de Análisis Instrumental, 5ta Ed., McGraw Hill, Madrid, España (2001)