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Sex and Tribal differences in Facial measurements of Nigerians of Yoruba, Hausa and Igbo origin

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, NIGERIA
  • 2Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, NIGERIA
  • 3Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, NIGERIA
  • 4Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, NIGERIA
  • 5Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, NIGERIA
  • 6Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, NIGERIA

Res. J. Forensic Sci., Volume 4, Issue (1), Pages 5-11, January,29 (2016)

Abstract

The face is the best morphological feature which distinguishes an individual. We tested the hypotheses that there are no significant gender and population differences in vertical facial morphological measurements and facial height proportions amongst Nigerians of the three major tribes of Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba. 150 males and 150 females from each tribe who were Hausas, Igbos or Yorubas by both parent and grandparents were used in the study. Total or Physiognomical Face Height (trichion - gnathion), Forehead Height (trichion - nasion), Morphological Face Height (nasion - gnathion), Nose Height or Nose Length (nasion - subnasale) and Lower Face Height (subnasale - gnathion) were measured in millimetres and statistically analyzed using the statistical SPSS 15 Software programme. Pairwise statistical significance of differences between two mean values by sex and tribe was determined using the student’s t-test at p=0.05. Comparative statistical analyses showed statistically significant differences in more than 50% of computed mean values (p<0.05) of cephalometric parameters between the studied tribes. However, comparisons of Nose Height and Lower Face Height to Morphological Face Height percentage proportions showed non-significant differences between the studied tribes. Our findings are not consistent with evaluated hypotheses, hence we concluded that Hausas, Igbos and Yorubas are not of same vertical facial morphological measurements.

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