International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Surface Runoff and Soil erosion Dynamics: A Case study on Bakreshwar river basin, eastern India

    , ,

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Geography, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, INDIA
  • 2 Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Maldah, West Bengal, INDIA

Int. Res. J. Earth Sci., Volume 3, Issue (7), Pages 11-22, July,25 (2015)

Abstract

Runoff and soil erosion are two major hydro-morphological entities operating in a watershed. In the present paper Bakreshwar river basin draining through the Rarh regions of Eastern India, having 714.56 sq. km. area has been selected for the estimation of runoff using curve number (CN)method of the US Soil Conservation Service (SCS) and soil surface lowering using Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and 4 years’ field based pegging operation. Several secondary and field based data have been assembled and processed using statistical and advanced application GIS techniques. The result shows that, an average of 55% of total annual rainfall flowing out as surface runoff with a associated removal of about 6.99 tons/ha/year of eroded soil in the Bakreshwar watershed. Seasonal runoff coefficient varies from 0.688 in monsoon to 0.185 in pre-monsoon. Surface lowering rate ranges from 0-17mm/year. The statistical relationship indicates that runoff positively controls soil loss. However, the resulting coefficient of determination (R2) values (0.267) invokes that runoff is not the prime vectors for soil loss. Information provide in the present study for the un-gauged river basin is reasonably essential for planning, designing and evaluation of soil conservation projects, water pollution control measures and flood or drought control programs.

References

  1. Lotspeich F.B. and Platts W.S., An integrated land-aquatic classification system, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 2, 138-l 49 (1982)
  2. Khayam M. and Molavi A., Runoff Quantitative Analysis in Saeedabadchai watershed, Journal of Geography and development, 376, 78-91 (2004)
  3. Bajlan A., Mahmoudian S.M. and Avlipoor M., Monthly runoff predictions with artificial neural network (ANN) and compare its results with empirical methods in watershed Kasilian, 5th Iranian Hydraulic Conference, 877-885 (2005)
  4. Burnash R. and Singh V., The NWS River Forecast SystemCatchment Modeling. In: Computer Models of Watershed Hydrology, Singh, V.P. (Ed.), Water Resources Publications, Littleton, CO, USA, 311–366 (1995)
  5. Sugawara M., Tank Model. In: Computer Models of Watershed Hydrology, Singh V.P. (Ed.), Water Resources Publications, Littleton, CO, USA, 165–214 (1995)
  6. Bergstro M.S., The HBV Model, In: Computer Models of Watershed Hydrology, Singh, V.P. (Ed.), Water Resources Publications, Littleton, CO, USA, 443–476 (1995)
  7. Havnø K., Madsen M.N. and Dørge J., MIKE 11—A Generalized River Modelling Package. In: Computer Models of Watershed Hydrology, Singh V.P. (Ed.), Water Resources Publications, Littleton, CO, USA, 733–782 (1995)
  8. NEH-4, Hydrology guide for use in watershed planning, SoilConservation Service, USDA, Washington, DC, (1954)
  9. Mishra S.K. and Singh V.P., Another Look at SCSCN Method, J. of Hydrologic Engrg., 257-264, (1999)
  10. Ponce V.M. and Hawkins R.H., Runoff Curve Number: Has it Reached Maturity?, J. Hydrol. Eng. ASCE, 1, 11-19, (1996)
  11. Mishra S.K., Tyagi J.V., Singh V.P. and Singh R., SCS-CNbased modeling of sediment yield, J. Hydrol., 324, 301-322 (2006)
  12. Thakuriah G. and Saikia R. Estimation of Surface Runoff using NRCS Curve number procedure in Buriganga Watershed, Assam, India - A Geospatial Approach, International Research Journal of Earth Sciences, 2(5), 1-7, (2014)
  13. Nayak T.R. and Jaiswal R.K., Rainfall-Runoff modeling using satellite data and GIS for Bebas river in Madhya Pradesh, The Inst. Engn., 84, 47-50 (2003)
  14. Gandini M.L. and Usunoff E.J., SCS Curve Number estimation using remote sensing NDVI in a GIS environment. J. of Environmental Hydrology. 12 (Paper 16), (2004)
  15. Kirkby M.J., Erosion by water on hillslopes, In: Water Earth and Man, Chorley R.J. (ed.), London, Methuen, 229-238 (1969)
  16. Williams J.R., Sediment routing for agricultural watersheds, Water Resour. Bull., 11(5), 965-974 (1975) doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1975.tb01817.x
  17. Dudal R., An evaluation of conservation needs. In: Soil conservation: problems and prospects, Morgan R.P.C. (Ed.), John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK. 3-12 (1981)
  18. El-Saify S.A., State of the art for assessing soil and water conservation needs and technologies, In: Adopting conservation on the farm, Napier T.L., Camboni S.M., ElSwaify S.A. (Eds.), An International perspective on the socioeconomics of soil and water conservation, Soil and Water Conservation Society, Ankeny, I.A., 13-27 (1994)
  19. Das D.C., Problem of soil erosion and land degradation in India. In: Proceedings of the National Seminar on the Soil Conservation and Watershed Management, New Delhi, (1985)
  20. Sarkar D., Dutta D., Nayak D.C. and Gajbhiye K.S., Optimizing land use of Birbhum District (West Bengal) soil resource assessment, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, NBSS Publ., Nagpur, 130, 1-33 (2007)
  21. Musgrave G., The quantitative evaluation of factors in water erosion, a first approximation, J. Soil Wat. Conserv., 2(3), 133-138 (1947)
  22. Renard K.G., Foster G.R., Weesies G.A. and Porter J.P., RUSLE: Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, J. Soil and Wat. Conserv., 46(1), 30-33 (1991)
  23. Ferro V. and Minacapilli M., Sediment delivery processes at basin scale, Hydrological Sciences Journal, 40(6), 703-717 (1995) doi: 10.1080/02626669509491460
  24. Kothyari U.C. and Jain S.K., Sediment yield estimation using GIS, Hydrological Sciences Journal, 42(6), 833-843 (1997) doi: 10.1.1.399.3704andrep=rep1andtype=pdf
  25. Chorley R.J., 1969. The drainage basin as the fundamental geomorphic unit; In: Water, Earth and Man, Chorley R.J. (Ed.), London: Methuen, pp. 77-98 (1969)
  26. Walling D.E., Erosion and sediment yield research-some recent perspectives, J. Hydrol. 100(1), 113-141 (1988) doi: 10.1016/0022-1694(88)90183-7
  27. IMD, Indian Meteorology Department, Hydromet Division, District Rainfall, Sriniketan Meteorological Station, Govt. of India, (2014)
  28. Saha A.K., Geology of Birbhum, In: Census 1961 West Bengal, Roy B. (Ed.), District Census Handbook, Birbhum, 9-10 (1961)
  29. Hundy A. and Banerjee S., Geology and mineral resources of West Bengal; Memoirs of the GSI, Delhi, 97, 44-54 (1967)
  30. O’ Malley L.S.S., Rivers of Bengal, In: Bengal District Gazetteers, Reprint in 1996, 116-121 (1914)
  31. Jha V.C. and Kapat S., Rill and gully erosion risk of lateritic terrain in south-western Birbhum District, West Bengal, India, Sociedade and Natureza, 21(2), 141-158 (2009)
  32. Phukan P., Thakuriah G. and Saikia R, Land Use Land Cover Change Detection Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques - A Case Study of Golaghat District of Assam, India, International Research Journal of Earth Sciences, 1(1), 11-15, (2013)
  33. Soil Survey Manual, USDA, Hand Book No.18, Oxford Publishing Co. and IBH Co., New Delhi, 503 (1962)
  34. Soil Conservation Service (SCS), Hydrology, National Engineering Handbook, Supplement A, Section 4, Chapter 10, US Department of Agriculture, Washington DC (1972)
  35. Chow V.T., Maidment D.R. and Mays L.W., Applied Hydrology, Tata McGraw Hill, New York, 572 (1988)
  36. Soil Conservation Department (SCD), Handbook of Hydrology, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India, (1972)
  37. USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture), Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Handbook, title 430–VI. Washington, DC (2005)
  38. USBR, Drainage manual. A Water Resources Tech. Publication. Second printing. Denver, USA, US Dept. of Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, 286 (1984)
  39. Maidment D.R., Handbook of Hydrology, (Ed.) McGraw Hill,New York, (1993)
  40. Ragan R.M. and Jackson T.J., Runoff synthesis using landsat and SCS model, J. of Hydrol., ASCE, 106, 667-678 (1980)
  41. Schwab G.O., Frevert R.K., Edminster T.W. and Barnes K.K., Soil and Water Conservation Engineering, 3rd ed. New York, John Wiley and Sons. 525 (1981)
  42. Chandra S., Sharma K.P. and Kashyap O., Application of Remote Sensing Methods to Hydrology: Watershed Studies Using Simulation Model for Upper Catchments. School of Hydrology, University of Roorkee, India (1984)
  43. Robert P.S., Engineer Soil Management/OMAFRA, Byproduct Management/OMAFRA, (2000)
  44. Sprenger F.D., Determination of direct runoff with the 'Curve Number Method' in the coastal area of Tanzania/East Africa, Wasserund Boden, I, 13-16 (1978)